In 2023, there were an estimated 1.03 million cases of chlamydia among women in the United States and around 610,445 cases among men. Furthermore, that year, there were around 378,428 cases of gonorrhea among men and 221,176 cases among women. Despite the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) being more commonplace and testing and contraception, for the most part, widely accessible in the United States, rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, have all risen in recent years. Chlamydia in the United States According to the CDC, chlamydia is the most commonly reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. In 2023, there were around 492 cases of chlamydia per 100,000 population, a substantial increase from a rate of 289 per 100,000 population in the year 2002. Those aged 20 to 24 had the highest rates of chlamydia in the U.S. in 2023. Although chlamydia often has no symptoms, it can cause serious health problems if left untreated, one of the reasons those who are sexually active should be regularly tested for STDs. Once diagnosed, chlamydia can be easily cured with antibiotics. Gonorrhea Rates of gonorrhea in the United States decreased after reaching a peak in the 1980s but began to rise again over the past decade. In 2023, there were 179.5 cases of gonorrhea per 100,000 population in the United States, compared to 98 cases per 100,000 population in the year 2009. While rates of chlamydia in the U.S. tend to be higher among women than men, rates of gonorrhea are higher among men, with those aged 20 to 24 the most affected. Like chlamydia, gonorrhea can be cured with medicine but can cause serious and permanent health problems if left untreated.

In 2023, the highest rates of chlamydia in the U.S. were reported for the Black population, with men having a rate of 974.7 per 100,000 population and women a rate of 1,342.2 per 100,000 population. This statistic shows the rates of reported cases of chlamydia in the United States in 2023, by race/ethnicity and gender.

These data contain case counts and rates for sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and early syphilis which includes primary, secondary, and early latent syphilis) reported for California residents, by disease, county, year, and sex.

Data were extracted on cases with an estimated diagnosis date from 2001 through the last year indicated, from California Confidential Morbidity Reports and/or Laboratory Reports that were submitted to CDPH by July of the current year and which met the surveillance case definition for that disease. Because of inherent delays in case reporting and depending on the length of follow-up of clinical, laboratory and epidemiologic investigation, cases with eligible diagnosis dates may be added or rescinded after the date of this report.

Denmark had the highest notification rate of chlamydia in 2022, with over *** cases per 100,000 population, followed by Norway, with a notification rate of approximately *** per 100,000. Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Europe, and like any STI, it is principally transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse. Condom use in Europe The use of condoms, as well as its application as a contraceptive, can be very highly effective in stopping the transmission of STIs from person to person. In 2018, Finland had the highest prevalence in Europe of women aged 15 to 49 years using the male condom as their main form of contraception with almost ** percent doing so. Additionally, Spain and the United Kingdom had a **** and ** percent share respectively of women using the male condom for contraception.

In 2023, there were approximately ***** cases of STIs diagnosed per 100,000 population in England among those from a black or black British ethnic background. This was the ethnic group with the highest rate of STIs diagnosed during this year. This statistic displays the rate of cases of sexually transmitted infections diagnosed in England in 2023, by ethnicity (per 100,000 population).

Between January and July 2024, more than ****** deaths registered in China were caused by five sexually transmitted diseases, with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) remaining the deadliest sexually transmitted disease in the country since 2008. ****** people in the country died from AIDS in the first seven months of 2024.

Table 6.1 lists the rates of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) for the most recent three-fiscal-year periods available, for the local geographic area and Alberta. This table is part of "Alberta Health Primary Health Care - Community Profiles" report published March 2019.

In 2023, around ***** thousand cases of ********* were reported by medical institutions in Japan, representing the highest number in the last decade and at the same time, the most common STD in Japan. In the same year, the recorded cases of **************** amounted to about 9.47 thousand.

This indicator provides information about the chlamydia infection rate (diagnosed infections per 100,000 population). Note, beginning in 2019, California medical providers are no longer mandated to report chlamydia cases to local public health departments, although the requirement still exists for laboratories. Given this change in reporting requirements, it is possible that the rates presented are an underestimate of the true burden of chlamydia infection.In recent years, Los Angeles County has experienced a steady increase in the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including chlamydia, a trend that has also been seen nationally. A common STI, chlamydia can cause permanent damage to the reproductive system of childbearing people and can even cause potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy. Untreated chlamydia infection can also increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. As with other STIs, chlamydia rates are much higher in some communities than in others, with low-income communities, communities of color, and gay, bisexual, and transgender communities most severely impacted. Cities, community organizations, faith-based institutions, and businesses can play an important role in supporting efforts to prevent these infections. For example, they can help promote sexual health education campaigns, support condom distribution programs, and foster efforts to reduce stigmatization of and discrimination against groups most at risk of these infections. In addition, community providers can help by assisting at-risk groups in accessing prevention programs, testing, and treatment services, including partner notification and treatment.For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the initiative homepage.

This indicator provides information about the gonorrhea infection rate (diagnosed infections per 100,000 population).In recent years, Los Angeles County has experienced a steady increase in the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including gonorrhea, a trend that has also been seen nationally. A common STI, gonorrhea can cause permanent damage to the reproductive system of childbearing people and can even cause potentially fatal ectopic pregnancy. Untreated gonorrhea infection can also increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. As with other STIs, gonorrhea rates are much higher in some communities than in others, with low-income communities, communities of color, and gay, bisexual, and transgender communities most severely impacted. Cities, community organizations, faith-based institutions, and businesses can play an important role in supporting efforts to prevent these infections. For example, they can help promote sexual health education campaigns, support condom distribution programs, and foster efforts to reduce stigmatization of and discrimination against groups most at risk of these infections. In addition, community providers can help by assisting at-risk groups in accessing prevention programs, testing, and treatment services, including partner notification and treatment.For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the initiative homepage.

Note: This dataset is historical only and STI surveillance data do not change once finalized. For the most recent STI data, please refer to the CDPH Health Atlas (chicagohealthatlas.org), the annual HIV/STI surveillance report, and the Getting to Zero Illinois HIV Dashboard (gtzillinois.hiv). The annual number of newly reported, laboratory-confirmed cases of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) among females aged 15-44 years and annual chlamydia incidence rate (cases per 100,000 females aged 15-44 years) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals by Chicago community area, for years 2000 – 2014. See the full description by clicking on the maroon "About" button on the right-hand side of the screen, and click on the PDF under "Attachments".

Note: This dataset is historical only and STI surveillance data do not change once finalized. For the most recent STI data, please refer to the CDPH Health Atlas (chicagohealthatlas.org), the annual HIV/STI surveillance report, and the Getting to Zero Illinois HIV Dashboard (gtzillinois.hiv).

The annual number of newly reported, laboratory-confirmed cases of gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) among females aged 15-44 years and annual gonorrhea incidence rate (cases per 100,000 females aged 15-44 years) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals by Chicago community area, for years 2000 – 2014. See the full description by clicking on the maroon "About" button on the right-hand side of the screen, and click on the PDF under "Attachments".

Rates of syphilis in the United States are higher among men than women. This is true for every race and ethnicity, although the difference varies greatly. For example, among the Black population, there were around 62.3 cases of syphilis among men per 100,000 population in 2023 and only 18.8 cases per 100,000 population among women. On the other hand, rates of syphilis among American Indians/Alaska Natives were similarly high for both men and women with rates of 63.6 and 52.9 per 100,000 population, respectively. What is syphilis? Syphilis is a common and treatable sexually transmitted disease (STD). Anyone who is sexually active can contract syphilis, however men who have sex with only men accounted for slightly more cases than other groups in 2022. There are four stages of syphilis, and each stage has different signs and symptoms. The stages are primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. Syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. How many people get syphilis each year? In 2022, there were around 207,255 cases of syphilis in the United States. This was the highest number of cases recorded since the 1950s. In comparison, in the year 2000, there were only around 31,618 cases. Like chlamydia and gonorrhea, rates of syphilis in the United States have increased over the past couple decades reaching 62 per 100,000 population in 2022. However, this rate is still far below the rate of 146 cases per 100,000 population recorded in 1950. Rates of syphilis in the U.S. are highest among people in their twenties and early thirties.

This indicator provides information about the early syphilis incidence rate (diagnosed infections per 100,000 population). Early syphilis includes cases staged as primary, secondary or early non-primary, non-secondary (previously referred to as early latent). These are infections that have occurred within the past 12 months. Early syphilis cases represent new infections.In recent years, Los Angeles County has experienced a steady increase in the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including syphilis, a trend that has also been seen nationally. Untreated syphilis infection can cause damage to the heart, brain, eyes, ears, and other organs in the body, leading to serious illness or even death. As with other STIs, syphilis rates are much higher in some communities than in others, with low-income communities, communities of color, and gay, bisexual, and transgender communities most severely impacted. Cities, community organizations, faith-based institutions, and businesses can play an important role in supporting efforts to prevent these infections. For example, they can help promote sexual health education campaigns, support condom distribution programs, and foster efforts to reduce stigmatization of and discrimination against groups most at risk of these infections. In addition, community providers can help by assisting at-risk groups in accessing prevention programs, testing, and treatment services, including partner notification and treatment.For more information about the Community Health Profiles Data Initiative, please see the initiative homepage.

Football has been instrumental in promoting sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries. The Liverpool Football Club Foundation (LFC Foundation) and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) recently completed the second year of their 2.5-year Health Goals Malawi project. Initially aimed at reducing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among teenage boys and young men in Malawi, a similar initiative was launched in disadvantaged areas of Liverpool, where STI rates and early pregnancies are notably high. The project's objectives included developing a comprehensive curriculum with coaching materials and resources, aiming to integrate this curriculum into the LFC Foundation's regular activities in Liverpool schools if successful. Activities involved six weeks of football training and coaching in various schools, football tournaments, and project evaluations with children and coaches. An annual survey of participants was also conducted. The collection consists of survey data. The survey covered demographic factors and relationship and sex education experience (all participants), and questions on awareness of and access to contraceptives, knowledge related to contraception and STIs, attitudes related to contraception and relationships, and condom self-efficacy (participants aged 14-19 only). The survey was adapted from the World Health Organisation’s “Illustrative questionnaire for interview-surveys with young people” and included 72 respondents.Football is often used to promote sexual and reproductive health in low- and middle-income countries. In fact, the Liverpool Football Club Foundation (LFC Foundation) and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM) are in the second year of their 2.5-year Health Goals Malawi project. The project’s initial goal was to reduce the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) among teenage boys and young men in Malawi. They have decided to run a similar project in disadvantaged areas of Liverpool because the city has the second-highest rate of new STI diagnoses in northwest England. Rates of early pregnancy are also higher than the national average. There is a strong correlation between early pregnancy and socio‑economic deprivation. Teenage pregnancy can be both a cause and a consequence of health and education inequalities. High-quality relationship and sex education is therefore crucial to address such inequalities. The main drivers of these inequalities are: Persistent school absence before year 9 (pupils aged 13 and 14) Relatively slow academic progress Poverty Football is used for three reasons: The strength of the Liverpool FC brand in the city engages these socially vulnerable children aged 11 to 16. As football is the most popular sport in Liverpool, participants will be highly motivated to attend in order to develop their skills. Football drills and games can lead to discussions about key topics. Project content The project will focus on: relationship and sex education programmes in schools and colleges, with targeted prevention for at-risk youngsters of both sexes training on relationships and sexual health for health and non-health professionals, e.g. sports coaches using the influence of community sports coaches and the LFC Foundation brand to engage young people, emphasising the importance of positive male and female role models developing an innovative method of delivering relationship and sex education, with a particular emphasis on overcoming health and educational inequalities by reaching out to the most at-risk young people Objectives A clear and comprehensive curriculum will be developed with coaching materials and resources. If this project is successful, the curriculum will be integrated into the day-to-day work of the LFC Foundation with schools throughout Liverpool. If this approach proves to be effective, the teen pregnancy rate could be reduced. Project activities Six weeks of football training and coaching provided in different schools Football tournaments Project evaluation with the children and coaches involved Annual survey of participants Expected results Some 300 children aged 11 to 16 years, 50% of whom are to be girls, are to take part in project activities. The participants will include children with disabilities and poor mental health. Self-completed survey adapted from the World Health Organisation’s “Illustrative questionnaire for interview-surveys with young people” and involved 72 respondents.

BackgroundMobile HIV screening may facilitate early HIV diagnosis. Our objective was to examine the cost-effectiveness of adding a mobile screening unit to current medical facility-based HIV testing in Cape Town, South Africa.Methods and FindingsWe used the Cost Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications International (CEPAC-I) computer simulation model to evaluate two HIV screening strategies in Cape Town: 1) medical facility-based testing (the current standard of care) and 2) addition of a mobile HIV-testing unit intervention in the same community. Baseline input parameters were derived from a Cape Town-based mobile unit that tested 18,870 individuals over 2 years: prevalence of previously undiagnosed HIV (6.6%), mean CD4 count at diagnosis (males 423/µL, females 516/µL), CD4 count-dependent linkage to care rates (males 31%–58%, females 49%–58%), mobile unit intervention cost (includes acquisition, operation and HIV test costs, $29.30 per negative result and $31.30 per positive result). We conducted extensive sensitivity analyses to evaluate input uncertainty. Model outcomes included site of HIV diagnosis, life expectancy, medical costs, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the intervention compared to medical facility-based testing. We considered the intervention to be “very cost-effective” when the ICER was less than South Africa's annual per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($8,200 in 2012). We projected that, with medical facility-based testing, the discounted (undiscounted) HIV-infected population life expectancy was 132.2 (197.7) months; this increased to 140.7 (211.7) months with the addition of the mobile unit. The ICER for the mobile unit was $2,400/year of life saved (YLS). Results were most sensitive to the previously undiagnosed HIV prevalence, linkage to care rates, and frequency of HIV testing at medical facilities.ConclusionThe addition of mobile HIV screening to current testing programs can improve survival and be very cost-effective in South Africa and other resource-limited settings, and should be a priority.

Syphilis is a Sexually Transmitted Infection (IST) with significant importance to public health, due to its impact during pregnancy (Gestational Syphilis—GS); especially because syphilis can affect fetus and neonates’ development (mother-to-child transmission—MTCT of syphilis), by increasing susceptibility to abortion, premature birth, skeletal malformations, meningitis and pneumonia. Measures to control and eliminate MTCT of syphilis have failed on the last few years in Brazil and this research aimed to identify the seasonality of notified cases of syphilis in a region of São Paulo state. The studied region, Pontal do Paranapanema, comprises 32 cities located in the West of São Paulo state, in Brazil. Data collected from the National System of Aggravations and Notification (SINAN) website was used to calculate the incidence rate of GS and MTCT. The incidence rate of GS was acquired dividing number of cases by number of women in each municipality and MTCT using number of live births in each year (from 2007 to 2013) in each municipality. This result was then, standardized multiplying incidence rate by 10,000 and expressed as incidence/10,000 women or live births, for GS and MTCT, respectively. To identify possible endemic/epidemic periods, a control diagram was performed using the standard deviation (SD) of incidence rate. Thematic maps representing the spatial distribution of incidence rates were constructed using a Geographic Information System software (GIS, based on cartographic vector available on the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) website. Eighty cases of GS and 61 cases of MTCT were notified in the studied region. An increase of GS notification was detected in the Pontal do Paranapanema in 2011 followed by an increase in number of MTCT cases in the subsequent year, suggesting inefficacy in the treatment during gestational period. Most of those cases were reported on February and November which suggested seasonality for this IST in the region. The control diagram, based on the inputs collected from SINAN, showed no endemic period; however, the most susceptible month to happen an endemic event of GS and MTCT was February. Our study provided a new methodology to understand the syphilis dynamics as a potential tool to improve the success of future measures to control and possibly eliminate MTCT of syphilis.

BackgroundSyphilis in pregnancy imposes a significant global health and economic burden. More than half of cases result in serious adverse events, including infant mortality and infection. The annual global burden from mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis is estimated at 3.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and $309 million in medical costs. Syphilis screening and treatment is simple, effective, and affordable, yet, worldwide, most pregnant women do not receive these services. We assessed cost-effectiveness of scaling-up syphilis screening and treatment in existing antenatal care (ANC) programs in various programmatic, epidemiologic, and economic contexts.Methods and FindingsWe modeled the cost, health impact, and cost-effectiveness of expanded syphilis screening and treatment in ANC, compared to current services, for 1,000,000 pregnancies per year over four years. We defined eight generic country scenarios by systematically varying three factors: current maternal syphilis testing and treatment coverage, syphilis prevalence in pregnant women, and the cost of healthcare. We calculated program and net costs, DALYs averted, and net costs per DALY averted over four years in each scenario. Program costs are estimated at $4,142,287 – $8,235,796 per million pregnant women (2010 USD). Net costs, adjusted for averted medical care and current services, range from net savings of $12,261,250 to net costs of $1,736,807. The program averts an estimated 5,754 – 93,484 DALYs, yielding net savings in four scenarios, and a cost per DALY averted of $24 – $111 in the four scenarios with net costs. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsEliminating MTCT of syphilis through expanded screening and treatment in ANC is likely to be highly cost-effective by WHO-defined thresholds in a wide range of settings. Countries with high prevalence, low current service coverage, and high healthcare cost would benefit most. Future analyses can be tailored to countries using local epidemiologic and programmatic data.

Spatial analysis at different levels can help understand spatial variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, disease drivers, and targeted interventions. Combining spatial analysis and the evaluation of the determinants of the HIV burden in Southern African countries is essential for a better understanding of the disease dynamics in high-burden settings.The study countries were selected based on the availability of demographic and health surveys (DHS) and corresponding geographic coordinates. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the determinants of HIV burden and assessed the presence and nature of HIV spatial autocorrelation in six Southern African countries.The overall prevalence of HIV for each country varied between 11.3% in Zambia and 22.4% in South Africa. The HIV prevalence rate was higher among female respondents in all six countries. There were reductions in prevalence estimates in most countries yearly from 2011 to 2020. The hotspot cluster findings show that the major cities in each country are the key sites of high HIV burden. Compared with female respondents, the odds of being HIV positive were lesser among the male respondents. The probability of HIV infection was higher among those who had sexually transmitted infections (STI) in the last 12 months, divorced and widowed individuals, and women aged 25 years and older.Our research findings show that analysis of survey data could provide reasonable estimates of the wide-ranging spatial structure of the HIV epidemic in Southern African countries. Key determinants such as individuals who are divorced, middle-aged women, and people who recently treated STIs, should be the focus of HIV prevention and control interventions. The spatial distribution of high-burden areas for HIV in the selected countries was more pronounced in the major cities. Interventions should also be focused on locations identified as hotspot clusters.