In 2022, several locations across the United Kingdom exceeded temperatures of more than ** degrees Celsius for the time time on record. The village of Coningsby in eastern England reached **** degrees Celsius on July 19, 2022. That same day, temperatures at Heathrow and St James's Park in London, as well as Pitsford, Northamptonshire, also recorded a maximum temperature of over ** degrees Celsius. 2022 was the UK's hottest year on record.

As of **************, the highest temperature ever recorded in the United Kingdom occurred on *************** at Coningsby, Lincolnshire. On this day, temperatures reached **** degrees Celsius.

During the heat wave in 2022, the highest temperature recorded in the United Kingdom was 40.3 degrees Celsius on July 19 at Coningsby, Lincolnshire. An unprecedented extreme heatwave was experienced in the United Kingdom from 16 to 19 July 2022, and extreme temperatures at over 40°C were recorded for the first time since recording of temperatures began.

The UK daily temperature data contain maximum and minimum temperatures (air, grass and concrete slab) measured over a period of up to 24 hours. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM, DLY3208 or AWSDLY messages. The data span from 1853 to 2023. For details on measurement techniques, including calibration information and changes in measurements, see section 5.2 of the MIDAS User Guide linked to from this record. Soil temperature data may be found in the UK soil temperature datasets linked from this record.

This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.

This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Currently this represents approximately 95% of available daily temperature observations within the full MIDAS collection.

This dataset is maintained by Max Eastwood (m.w.eastwood@lboro.ac.uk), Building Energy Research Group (BERG), School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University.

This dataset provides the measured indoor dry bulb temperatures and surrounding weather conducted in the Loughborough Matched Pair test houses during summer 2022. The dataset is made publicly available here. This dataset includes: 1. README.txt: A Read Me file with more details of the study and the dataset. 2. Dataset_descriptor.pdf: a guidance document containing information on the measurment work carried out. 3. West_AT_10minute.csv: 10-minute dry bulb temperature measured in the West house (AT = Air Temperature) 4. East_AT_10minute.csv: 10-minute dry bulb temperature measured in the East house 5. Weather_20second.csv: 20-second weather data compiled from the test house weather station. Other information on the houses' geometry and construction can be found here: https://doi.org/10.17028/rd.lboro.8094575

The United Kingdom recorded its hottest-ever year in 2022, with an average temperature of ***** degrees Celsius. Since the start of temperature recording in ****, the ** warmest years recorded in the UK have been from 2003 onwards. Weather conditions are predicted to become more extreme due to climate change.

Since January 2015, the highest maximum monthly temperature in England was measured in July 2018, at 24.8 degrees Celsius. July temperatures declined in the following years, and measured 20.6 degrees Celsius in 2024. Further information about the weather in the United Kingdom can be found here.

The Coastal Temperature Network consists of Cefas (and predecessor) originated data and data from external suppliers, who have agreed their data can be published as part of the network (Jones, 1981). The earliest data are from 1875 (Owers Light vessel) and have been supplied by the Met Office. The longest continuous record provided here is from Eastbourne (1892–2014). Sampling is from piers and breakwaters 50-200m from the shore where possible (Jones, 1981). The present network covers the temperature condition of coastal waters around the coast of England and Wales and was operationally combined with the salinity and temperature conditions across the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Individuals on behalf of Cefas, councils, companies and other organisations have obtained records of coastal sea surface temperature, for some stations, of more than 100-year duration. Approximately half of the stations started recording coastal temperatures in the mid–1960s. There are 41 stations in England and Wales where 20 out of 41 are still in operation. Cefas observers record coastal sea surface temperature using calibrated thermometers approximately 6 – 14 times per month, usually close to the time of high water. Other organisations record sea surface temperature ranging from daily values to monthly means. Since 2012, the data from Dover Council is recorded every minute. Data are published as monthly means (Joyce, 2006); the extracted data are the measurements used to calculate the means. The Cefas instruments are calibrated at Lowestoft to an accuracy of ±0.1°C. The accuracy of other instruments is not known, but is thought to be at least to an accuracy of ±0.2°C. The ferry route observers record offshore sea surface temperature from the ships main seawater pipe using a calibrated thermometer 4 times a month. The temperatures are recorded to at least an accuracy of ±0.2°C. The seawater samples are taken from the sea water main pipe to the harbour pump about 1.5 metres inboard. Quality assurance checks are applied to the data for each station by comparing the current dataset with either a 5 or 10 year running mean for each month. The data is first tested to see whether it is normally distributed i.e. whether all the data are close to average. The standard deviation is calculated to see how tightly the data are clustered around the mean; three standard deviations are then calculated to account for 99% of the data. If the data are outside this range (3 std dev) then the value is flagged and removed from subsequent analysis. See Joyce (2006) for details of the duration and history of individual datasets. Inevitably, there are changes in the number and location of monitoring stations over such a long period. At its peak the network reported on about 100 locations. This has reduced to around 30 in the late 20th century. Jones & Jeffs (1991) show the locations of early coastal stations. In addition, operating sites are moved and data recording upgraded, e.g. Eastbourne from a manual coastal site (see Joyce, 2006) to, in 2013, an electronic logging system mounted on an offshore buoy. These changes are reflected in the positions associated with the extracted data. See https://www.cefas.co.uk/cefas-data-hub/sea-temperature-and-salinity-trends/_ for a full description of the originating system which has sea-surface temperature (and sometimes salinity) data collected at a number of coastal sites around England and Wales, some operated by volunteers, some operated by local councils and some associated with power stations. The longest time-series include those from Eastbourne (1892 - present), Dover (1926 - present) and Port Erin, Isle of Man (1903 - present) although most time series began in the 1960s or 1970s.

.. _https://www.cefas.co.uk/cefas-data-hub/sea-temperature-and-salinity-trends/: https://www.cefas.co.uk/cefas-data-hub/sea-temperature-and-salinity-trends/

The UK daily temperature data describe maximum and minimum temperatures (air, grass and concrete slab) measured over a period of up to 24 hours. The measurements are recorded by observation stations across the UK and transmitted within NCM or DLY3208 or AWSDLY messages. The data span from 1853 to present.

The UK daily rainfall data contain rainfall accumulation and precipitation amounts over a 24 hour period. The data were collected by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within the following message types: NCM, AWSDLY, DLY3208 and SSER. The data spans from 1853 to 2023. Over time a range of rain gauges have been used - see section 5.6 and the relevant message type information in the linked MIDAS User Guide for further details. This version supersedes the previous version (202308) of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023. This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. A large proportion of the UK raingauge observing network (associated with WAHRAIN, WADRAIN and WAMRAIN for hourly, daily and monthly rainfall measurements respectively) is operated by other agencies beyond the Met Office, and are consequently currently excluded from the Midas-open dataset. Currently this represents approximately 13% of available daily rainfall observations within the full MIDAS collection.

The United Kingdom's hottest summer ever recorded was in 2018, with an average temperature of 15.76 degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, 2023 saw the eighth hottest summer in the UK, with an average temperature of 15.35 degrees. In the last couple of decades, five of the top 10 warmest summers in the UK were recorded. New temperature records in 2022 In summer 2022, record-breaking temperatures of more than 40 degrees Celsius were recorded at several locations across the UK. Accordingly, 2022 was also the UK's warmest year on record, with the average annual temperature rising above 10 degrees Celsius for the first time. Since temperature recording began in 1884, the hottest years documented in the country have all occurred after 2003. England: the warmest country in the UK Amongst the countries that comprise the United Kingdom, England has generally seen the highest annual mean temperatures. In 2022, England’s average temperature also reached a new record high, at nearly 11 degrees Celsius. And while it’s not a typical sight in the United Kingdom, England also registered the most hours of sunshine on average, with Scotland being the gloomiest country out of the four.

The longest available instrumental record of temperature in the world is now available at the BADC. The daily data starts in 1772.

The mean, minimum and maximum datasets are updated monthly, with data for a month usually available by the 3rd of the next month. A provisional CET value for the current month is calculated on a daily basis. The mean daily data series begins in 1772. Mean maximum and minimum daily and monthly data are also available, beginning in 1878. Yearly files are provided from 1998 onwards.

These historical temperature series are representative of the Midlands region in England, UK (a roughly triangular area of the United Kingdom enclosed by Bristol, Lancashire and London).

The following stations are used by the Met Office to compile the CET data: Rothamsted, Malvern, Squires Gate and Ringway.

But in November 2004, the weather station Stonyhurst replaced Ringway and revised urban warming and bias adjustments have now been applied to the Stonyhurst data after a period of reduced reliability from the station in the summer months.

The data set is compiled by the Met Office Hadley Centre.

The United Kingdom's average minimum temperature in July 2021 measured 12.1 degrees Celsius. This month, recorded the highest minimum temperature during the reported period. Since 2015, the lowest monthly minimum temperature in the UK was recorded in February 2018, at -0.7 degrees Celsius. This was the first time during this period that the average monthly minimum temperature dropped below zero degrees Celsius, while in January 2021 the second time took place, at -0.5 degrees Celsius. Further information about the weather in the United Kingdom can be found here.

This dataset has been extracted as part of an exercise to assemble "all" Cefas Temperature Data and publish it in a Data paper. It is one of 17 Cefas data sources assembled. Electronic tags that record temperature and depth were attached to, or implanted into, cod caught in the southern North Sea between 1999 and 2009 (for methods see Neat et al., 2014). Data from tags that were returned from recaptured cod were downloaded and the depth time series was used to estimate daily geographic location.

The tables provided show the national weather records. To ensure consistency, these weather records are only given for stations with standard instruments and exposure. Although some records have been broken by non-standard stations, these are not accepted as official records for this reason.

        Records are provided as follows:

        For temperature by country, by month and by district for the following:
        Highest daily maximum temperature
        Highest daily minimum temperature
        Lowest daily maximum temperature
        Lowest daily minimum temperature

        For rainfall 
        by country, for highest 24-hour rainfall totals for a rainfall day (0900 - 0900 GMT) 
        by period, in days for UK rainfall records for consecutive rainfall days (0900 - 0900 GMT) 
        by period, in minutes for UK rainfall records for short durations (from 5 to 180 minutes)

        For sunshine hours by country, for highest monthly sunshine records 

        For gust speed by country and district (for sites below 250m), for highest gust speed

The UK hourly weather observation data contain meteorological values measured on an hourly time scale. The measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, and temperature were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within SYNOP, DLY3208, AWSHRLY and NCM messages. The sunshine duration measurements were transmitted in the HSUN3445 message. The data spans from 1875 to 2023.

This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.

For details on observing practice see the message type information in the MIDAS User Guide linked from this record and relevant sections for parameter types.

This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record. Note, METAR message types are not included in the Open version of this dataset. Those data may be accessed via the full MIDAS hourly weather data.

This dataset has been extracted as part of an exercise to assemble "all" Cefas Temperature Data and publish it in a Data paper. It is one of 17 Cefas data sources assembled. The mid and late 20th century saw extensive oceanographic research by DFS and Cefas. The resulting data were stored in an Oceanographic Archive which managed data from a number of sensor systems. These included a CTD system deployed for traditional oceanographic water column profiling. The CTD data have been transferred to the Cefas Data Hub as parameters. The original source files contain water column profile data on temperature, salinity, suspended load and fluoresence derived chlorophyll. This metadata record covers UK Continental Shelf and temperature only.

Water temperature data from over 30,000 sites across England and Wales collected by the Environment Agency for different reasons. The archive contains water temperature data (up to 2007) and site metadata. Most sites have records starting from the 1980s. The water temperature data are available in two main types; spot samples from routine monitoring (e.g. monthly) and high resolution samples (e.g. every 15 minutes). The archive contains water temperature data as well as site metadata.

The UK soil temperature data contain daily and hourly values of soil temperatures at depths of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 centimetres. The measurements were recorded by observation stations operated by the Met Office across the UK and transmitted within NCM or DLY3208 messages. The data spans from 1900 to 2023.

This version supersedes the previous version of this dataset and a change log is available in the archive, and in the linked documentation for this record, detailing the differences between this version and the previous version. The change logs detail new, replaced and removed data. These include the addition of data for calendar year 2023.

At many stations temperatures below the surface are measured at various depths. The depths used today are 5, 10, 20, 30 and 100cm, although measurements are not necessarily made at all these depths at a station and exceptionally measurements may be made at other depths. When imperial units were in general use, typically before 1961, the normal depths of measurement were 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 inches.

Liquid-in-glass soil thermometers at a depth of 20 cm or less are unsheathed and have a bend in the stem between the bulb and the lowest graduation. At greater depths the thermometer is suspended in a steel tube and has its bulb encased in wax.

This dataset is part of the Midas-open dataset collection made available by the Met Office under the UK Open Government Licence, containing only UK mainland land surface observations owned or operated by the Met Office. It is a subset of the fuller, restricted Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations dataset, also available through the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - see the related dataset section on this record.

Daily weather data measured in Caldicot, Wales from January 2017 to March 2020. The weather data was collected using a WS-GP1 weather station supplied by Delta-T Devices Ltd, Cambridge, UK. The data were collected to provide potential evaporative drying and rainfall for (i) a wall capillary uptake model and (ii) a soil water balance model. The measurements include daily maximum temperature (°C), minimum temperature (°C), maximum relative humidity (%), minimum relative humidity (%), wind speed (m/s), rainfall (mm) and radiation (kw/m2).