When you need to analyze crypto market history, batch processing often beats streaming APIs. That's why we built the Flat Files S3 API - giving analysts and researchers direct access to structured historical cryptocurrency data without the integration complexity of traditional APIs.

Pull comprehensive historical data across 800+ cryptocurrencies and their trading pairs, delivered in clean, ready-to-use CSV formats that drop straight into your analysis tools. Whether you're building backtest environments, training machine learning models, or running complex market studies, our flat file approach gives you the flexibility to work with massive datasets efficiently.

Why work with us?

Market Coverage & Data Types: - Comprehensive historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) - Comprehensive order book snapshots and updates - Trade-by-trade data

Technical Excellence: - 99,9% uptime guarantee - Standardized data format across exchanges - Flexible Integration - Detailed documentation - Scalable Architecture

CoinAPI serves hundreds of institutions worldwide, from trading firms and hedge funds to research organizations and technology providers. Our S3 delivery method easily integrates with your existing workflows, offering familiar access patterns, reliable downloads, and straightforward automation for your data team. Our commitment to data quality and technical excellence, combined with accessible delivery options, makes us the trusted choice for institutions that demand both comprehensive historical data and real-time market intelligence

Cryptocurrency historical datasets from January 2012 (if available) to October 2021 were obtained and integrated from various sources and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) including Yahoo Finance, Cryptodownload, CoinMarketCap, various Kaggle datasets, and multiple APIs. While these datasets used various formats of time (e.g., minutes, hours, days), in order to integrate the datasets days format was used for in this research study. The integrated cryptocurrency historical datasets for 80 cryptocurrencies including but not limited to Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Binance Coin (BNB), Cardano (ADA), Tether (USDT), Ripple (XRP), Solana (SOL), Polkadot (DOT), USD Coin (USDC), Dogecoin (DOGE), Tron (TRX), Bitcoin Cash (BCH), Litecoin (LTC), EOS (EOS), Cosmos (ATOM), Stellar (XLM), Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC), Uniswap (UNI), Terra (LUNA), SHIBA INU (SHIB), and 60 more cryptocurrencies were uploaded in this online Mendeley data repository. Although the primary attribute of including the mentioned cryptocurrencies was the Market Capitalization, a subject matter expert i.e., a professional trader has also guided the initial selection of the cryptocurrencies by analyzing various indicators such as Relative Strength Index (RSI), Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD), MYC Signals, Bollinger Bands, Fibonacci Retracement, Stochastic Oscillator and Ichimoku Cloud. The primary features of this dataset that were used as the decision-making criteria of the CLUS-MCDA II approach are Timestamps, Open, High, Low, Closed, Volume (Currency), % Change (7 days and 24 hours), Market Cap and Weighted Price values. The available excel and CSV files in this data set are just part of the integrated data and other databases, datasets and API References that was used in this study are as follows: [1] https://finance.yahoo.com/ [2] https://coinmarketcap.com/historical/ [3] https://cryptodatadownload.com/ [4] https://kaggle.com/philmohun/cryptocurrency-financial-data [5] https://kaggle.com/deepshah16/meme-cryptocurrency-historical-data [6] https://kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/cryptocurrencypricehistory [7] https://min-api.cryptocompare.com/data/price?fsym=BTC&tsyms=USD [8] https://min-api.cryptocompare.com/ [9] https://p.nomics.com/cryptocurrency-bitcoin-api [10] https://www.coinapi.io/ [11] https://www.coingecko.com/en/api [12] https://cryptowat.ch/ [13] https://www.alphavantage.co/ This dataset is part of the CLUS-MCDA (Cluster analysis for improving Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis) and CLUS-MCDAII Project: https://aimaghsoodi.github.io/CLUSMCDA-R-Package/ https://github.com/Aimaghsoodi/CLUS-MCDA-II https://github.com/azadkavian/CLUS-MCDA

Cryptocurrencies

Finage offers you more than 1700+ cryptocurrency data in real time.

With Finage, you can react to the cryptocurrency data in Real-Time via WebSocket or unlimited API calls. Also, we offer you a 7-year historical data API.

You can view the full Cryptocurrency market coverage with the link given below. https://finage.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/Finage_Crypto_Coverage.pdf

CoinAPI delivers complete crypto market data with full price history and trading volumes. Access in-depth analytics and historical insights through simple export options via flat files and S3 API. Our extensive trading data integrates easily with your analytics tools for better market understanding.

CoinAPI is a revolutionary platform delivering comprehensive currency data from over 350 global cryptocurrency exchanges. Our advanced system provides both real-time and historical market information with unprecedented precision and depth.

Traders, investors, and developers rely on our meticulously collected currency data to make informed decisions in the fast-moving digital asset landscape. Every data point is carefully verified and timestamped, ensuring the highest level of accuracy and reliability. From live price tracking to extensive volume metrics, CoinAPI offers an unparalleled window into the complex world of cryptocurrency markets.

Why work with us?

Market Coverage & Data Types: - Full Cryptocurrency Data - Real-time and historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) - Full order book depth (L2/L3) - Tick-by-tick data - OHLCV across multiple timeframes - Market indexes (VWAP, PRIMKT) - Exchange rates with fiat pairs - Spot, futures, options, and perpetual contracts - Coverage of 90%+ global trading volume

Technical Excellence: - 99% uptime guarantee - Multiple delivery methods: REST, WebSocket, FIX, S3 - Standardized data format across exchanges - Ultra-low latency data streaming - Detailed documentation - Custom integration assistance

Whether you're building algorithmic trading systems, conducting research, or creating visualization tools, our real-time and historical candlesticks from exchanges worldwide provide the reliable market data you need

CoinAPI delivers institutional-grade Historical Crypto Data for backtesting and analysis. Our cryptocurrency archive powers research across Bitcoin, Ethereum and all markets through one reliable API—transforming strategies with precision data that matters.

CoinAPI's crypto OHLCV and trade data give you the complete picture of market activity across more than 350 exchanges worldwide. Our candlestick data covers everything from 1-second intervals for scalping to monthly timeframes for trend analysis, ensuring you have the right level of detail for your trading approach.

Each candlestick provides the essential price information traders rely on - open, high, low, and close prices - along with corresponding volume data that shows the market strength behind each move. This combination of price action and trading volume creates the foundation for effective technical analysis and trading decisions.

Getting this data is straightforward - use our WebSocket streams for real-time market monitoring when every second counts, or access historical candlesticks through our REST API when you're conducting deeper market research or backtesting strategies. We maintain comprehensive historical records, giving you the ability to analyze patterns across different market cycles.

Why work with us?

Market Coverage & Data Types: - Full Cryptocurrency Data - Real-time and historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) - Full order book depth (L2/L3) - Tick-by-tick data - OHLCV across multiple timeframes - Market indexes (VWAP, PRIMKT) - Exchange rates with fiat pairs - Spot, futures, options, and perpetual contracts - Coverage of 90%+ global trading volume

Technical Excellence: - 99% uptime guarantee - Multiple delivery methods: REST, WebSocket, FIX, S3 - Standardized data format across exchanges - Ultra-low latency data streaming - Detailed documentation - Custom integration assistance

Whether you're building algorithmic trading systems, conducting research, or creating visualization tools, our real-time and historical candlesticks from exchanges worldwide provide the reliable market data you need

Context

Bitcoin is the longest running and most well known cryptocurrency, first released as open source in 2009 by the anonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin serves as a decentralized medium of digital exchange, with transactions verified and recorded in a public distributed ledger (the blockchain) without the need for a trusted record keeping authority or central intermediary. Transaction blocks contain a SHA-256 cryptographic hash of previous transaction blocks, and are thus "chained" together, serving as an immutable record of all transactions that have ever occurred. As with any currency/commodity on the market, bitcoin trading and financial instruments soon followed public adoption of bitcoin and continue to grow. Included here is historical bitcoin market data for select bitcoin exchanges where trading takes place. Happy (data) mining!

CSV files for select bitcoin exchanges for the time period of September 2011 to June 2024, with updates of OHLC (Open, High, Low, Close), Volume in BTC and indicated currency, and weighted bitcoin price. Timestamps are in Unix time. Timestamps without any trades or activity have their data fields filled with NaNs. If a timestamp is missing, or if there are jumps, this may be because the exchange (or its API) was down, the exchange (or its API) did not exist, or some other unforeseen technical error in data reporting or gathering. All effort has been made to deduplicate entries and verify the contents are correct and complete to the best of my ability, but obviously trust at your own risk.

Acknowledgements and Inspiration

Bitcoin charts for the data. The various exchange APIs, for making it difficult or unintuitive enough to get OHLC and volume data that I set out on this data scraping project. Satoshi Nakamoto and the novel core concept of the blockchain, as well as its first execution via the bitcoin protocol. I'd also like to thank viewers like you! Can't wait to see what code or insights you all have to share.

DOGE started it. SHIB took it mainstream. BONK and PEPE brought in the crowds. Now what?

Stay on top of the entire meme coin ecosystem through CoinAPI's comprehensive data feeds. We've connected to 350+ exchanges so you don't have to, bringing together every significant market into one unified API that actually works when you need it. Dig into historical patterns that shaped today's meme coin landscape. Compare volume spikes across different tokens during viral moments. Track institutional entry points that transformed joke coins into serious market movers.

From quick price checks to in-depth research projects, our institutional-grade precision helps you navigate this volatile but opportunity-rich corner of the crypto market. With Digital Asset Data complete market coverage, you'll never miss a beat. Serious data for not-so-serious coins. That's the CoinAPI difference

➡️ Why choose us?

📊 Market Coverage & Data Types: ◦ Real-time and historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) ◦ Full order book depth (L2/L3) ◦ Trade-by-trade data ◦ OHLCV across multiple timeframes ◦ Market indexes (VWAP, PRIMKT) ◦ Exchange rates with fiat pairs ◦ Spot, futures, options, and perpetual contracts ◦ Coverage of 90%+ global trading volume ◦ Full Crypto Trade Data

🔧 Technical Excellence: ◦ 99,9% uptime guarantee ◦ Multiple delivery methods: REST, WebSocket, FIX, S3 ◦ Standardized data format across exchanges ◦ Ultra-low latency data streaming ◦ Detailed documentation ◦ Custom integration assistance

CoinAPI represents the gold standard in cryptocurrency data, trusted by leading financial institutions, technology providers, and market makers worldwide. By combining technology with rigorous data validation protocols, we provide the foundation upon which many financial products are being built.

CoinAPI's Flat Files S3 API delivers historical crypto market data through downloadable CSV files. Access trades, quotes, and order book information in a user-friendly format. Our readable data files provide everything universities and analytics companies need.

When markets move, knowing exactly what happened matters. CoinAPI captures every single trade across more than 350 global crypto exchanges, giving you the granular detail that serious trading demands.

Our Crypto Trade Data doesn't just sample transactions - it records them all, with timestamps accurate to the microsecond. Each record tells the complete story: the unique trade ID for verification, exact execution price that moved the market, specific volume that changed hands, whether the taker was a buyer or seller, and precisely when it happened.

Why work with us?

Market Coverage & Data Types: - Real-time and historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) - Full order book depth (L2/L3) - Tick-by-tick data - OHLCV across multiple timeframes - Market indexes (VWAP, PRIMKT) - Exchange rates with fiat pairs - Spot, futures, options, and perpetual contracts - Coverage of 90%+ global trading volume

Technical Excellence: - 99% uptime guarantee - Multiple delivery methods: REST, WebSocket, FIX, S3 - Standardized data format across exchanges - Ultra-low latency data streaming - Detailed documentation - Custom integration assistance

CoinAPI serves hundreds of institutions worldwide, from trading firms and hedge funds to research organizations and technology providers. Our commitment to data quality and technical excellence makes us the trusted choice for cryptocurrency market data needs.

Context

Bitcoin is the longest running and most well known cryptocurrency, first released as open source in 2009 by the anonymous Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin serves as a decentralized medium of digital exchange, with transactions verified and recorded in a public distributed ledger (the blockchain) without the need for a trusted record keeping authority or central intermediary. Transaction blocks contain a SHA-256 cryptographic hash of previous transaction blocks, and are thus "chained" together, serving as an immutable record of all transactions that have ever occurred. As with any currency/commodity on the market, bitcoin trading and financial instruments soon followed public adoption of bitcoin and continue to grow. Included here is historical bitcoin market data at 1-min intervals for select bitcoin exchanges where trading takes place. Happy (data) mining!

Content

(See https://github.com/mczielinski/kaggle-bitcoin/ for automation/scraping script)

btcusd_1-min_data.csv

CSV files for select bitcoin exchanges for the time period of Jan 2012 to Present (Measured by UTC day), with minute to minute updates of OHLC (Open, High, Low, Close) and Volume in BTC.

If a timestamp is missing, or if there are jumps, this may be because the exchange (or its API) was down, the exchange (or its API) did not exist, or some other unforeseen technical error in data reporting or gathering. I'm not perfect, and I'm also busy! All effort has been made to deduplicate entries and verify the contents are correct and complete to the best of my ability, but obviously trust at your own risk.

Acknowledgements and Inspiration

Bitcoin charts for the data, originally. Now thank you to the Bitstamp API directly. The various exchange APIs, for making it difficult or unintuitive enough to get OHLC and volume data at 1-min intervals that I set out on this data scraping project. Satoshi Nakamoto and the novel core concept of the blockchain, as well as its first execution via the bitcoin protocol. I'd also like to thank viewers like you! Can't wait to see what code or insights you all have to share.

https://xcalibra.com/static/xc-dark.png" alt="xcalibra-logo">

Introduction

All of the files gathered below are scraped from xcalibra's public api and features the same information found on xcalibra's trade dashboard

xcalibra

xcalibra is a cryptocurrency trading platform primarily dedicated to the trading of SafeX Cash and SafeX Token.

Content

Each CSV is represented in the following form: {pair}_{interval}.csv pair: Cryptocurrency pair eg. "ETH_BTC" is the pair Ethereum and Bitcoin. interval: Time interval between values.

Method

Find the methodology for data generation on my github

Access exchange-specific data from Binance, Bybit, and Coinbase through CoinAPI. Get granular insights with real-time order books, historical trades, and derivatives metrics. Our WebSocket and FIX APIs deliver the trading intelligence you need - powerful market data that gives traders the edge.

The dataset is an extract of the Binance trading platform using the public REST API. It contains data covering the btcusdt historical market data for the year 2022, using the monthly chart frame. It's ideal for analysts who want a quick peek at historical crypto trading data for data exploration.

CoinAPI delivers ultra-low latency cryptocurrency market data built for professional traders who demand absolute precision. Our tick-by-tick updates capture every market movement in real-time, providing the critical insights needed for split-second decisions in volatile markets.

Our WebSocket implementation streams live data directly to your trading systems with minimal delay, giving you the edge when identifying emerging patterns and opportunities. This immediate visibility helps optimize your trading strategies and manage risk more effectively in rapidly changing conditions.

We've engineered our infrastructure specifically for reliability under pressure. When markets surge and data volumes spike, our systems maintain consistent performance and delivery - ensuring your critical operations continue without interruption. For high-frequency trading and institutional investors who can't afford to wait, CoinAPI provides real-time cryptocurrency intelligence that drives successful decision-making

Why work with us?

Market Coverage & Data Types: - Real-time and historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) - Full order book depth (L2/L3) - Tick-by-tick data - OHLCV across multiple timeframes - Market indexes (VWAP, PRIMKT) - Exchange rates with fiat pairs - Spot, futures, options, and perpetual contracts - Coverage of 90%+ global trading volume - Full Cryptocurrency Investor Data.

Technical Excellence: - 99,9% uptime guarantee - Multiple delivery methods: REST, WebSocket, FIX, S3 - Standardized data format across exchanges - Ultra-low latency data streaming - Detailed documentation - Custom integration assistance

CoinAPI delivers mission-critical insights to financial institutions globally, enabling informed decision-making in volatile cryptocurrency markets. Our enterprise-grade infrastructure processes milions of data points daily, offering unmatched reliability.

Get complete Meme Coin Market Data with CoinAPI. Track DOGE, SHIB, BONK, PEPE, and more across 350+ exchanges through our unified API. Explore historical volumes and trades with institutional-grade precision. Discover our Digital Asset Data landscape.

Context:

This dataset is an extra updating dataset for the G-Research Crypto Forecasting competition.

Introduction

This is a daily updated dataset, automaticlly collecting market data for G-Research crypto forecasting competition. The data is of the 1-minute resolution, collected for all competition assets and both retrieval and uploading are fully automated. see discussion topic.

The Data

For every asset in the competition, the following fields from Binance's official API endpoint for historical candlestick data are collected, saved, and processed.

1. **timestamp** - A timestamp for the minute covered by the row.
2. **Asset_ID** - An ID code for the cryptoasset.
3. **Count** - The number of trades that took place this minute.
4. **Open** - The USD price at the beginning of the minute.
5. **High** - The highest USD price during the minute.
6. **Low** - The lowest USD price during the minute.
7. **Close** - The USD price at the end of the minute.
8. **Volume** - The number of cryptoasset u units traded during the minute.
9. **VWAP** - The volume-weighted average price for the minute.
10. **Target** - 15 minute residualized returns. See the 'Prediction and Evaluation section of this notebook for details of how the target is calculated.
11. **Weight** - Weight, defined by the competition hosts [here](https://www.kaggle.com/cstein06/tutorial-to-the-g-research-crypto-competition)
12. **Asset_Name** - Human readable Asset name.

Indexing

The dataframe is indexed by timestamp and sorted from oldest to newest. The first row starts at the first timestamp available on the exchange, which is July 2017 for the longest-running pairs.

Usage Example

The following is a collection of simple starter notebooks for Kaggle's Crypto Comp showing PurgedTimeSeries in use with the collected dataset. Purged TimesSeries is explained here. There are many configuration variables below to allow you to experiment. Use either GPU or TPU. You can control which years are loaded, which neural networks are used, and whether to use feature engineering. You can experiment with different data preprocessing, model architecture, loss, optimizers, and learning rate schedules. The extra datasets contain the full history of the assets in the same format as the competition, so you can input that into your model too.

Baseline Example Notebooks:

• Neural Network Starter
• LightGBM Starter
• Catboost Starter
• XGBoost Starter
• TabNet Starter
• Reinforcement Learning (PPO) Starter

These notebooks follow the ideas presented in my "Initial Thoughts" here. Some code sections have been reused from Chris' great (great) notebook series on SIIM ISIC melanoma detection competition here

Loose-ends:

This is a work in progress and will be updated constantly throughout the competition. At the moment, there are some known issues that still needed to be addressed:

• VWAP: - At the moment VWAP calculation formula is still unclear. Currently the dataset uses an approximation calculated from the Open, High, Low, Close, Volume candlesticks. [Waiting for competition hosts input]
• Target Labeling: There exist some mismatches to the original target provided by the hosts at some time intervals. On all the others - it is the same. The labeling code can be seen here. [Waiting for competition hosts] input]
• Filtering: No filtration of 0 volume data is taken place.

Example Visualisations

Opening price with an added indicator (MA50): https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2234678%2Fb8664e6f26dc84e9a40d5a3d915c9640%2Fdownload.png?generation=1582053879538546&alt=media" alt="">

Volume and number of trades: https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2234678%2Fcd04ed586b08c1576a7b67d163ad9889%2Fdownload-1.png?generation=1582053899082078&alt=media" alt="">

License

This data is being collected automatically from the crypto exchange Binance.

Context:

This dataset is an extra updating dataset for the G-Research Crypto Forecasting competition.

Introduction

This is a daily updated dataset, automaticlly collecting market data for G-Research crypto forecasting competition. The data is of the 1-minute resolution, collected for all competition assets and both retrieval and uploading are fully automated. see discussion topic.

The Data

For every asset in the competition, the following fields from Binance's official API endpoint for historical candlestick data are collected, saved, and processed.

1. **timestamp** - A timestamp for the minute covered by the row.
2. **Asset_ID** - An ID code for the cryptoasset.
3. **Count** - The number of trades that took place this minute.
4. **Open** - The USD price at the beginning of the minute.
5. **High** - The highest USD price during the minute.
6. **Low** - The lowest USD price during the minute.
7. **Close** - The USD price at the end of the minute.
8. **Volume** - The number of cryptoasset u units traded during the minute.
9. **VWAP** - The volume-weighted average price for the minute.
10. **Target** - 15 minute residualized returns. See the 'Prediction and Evaluation section of this notebook for details of how the target is calculated.
11. **Weight** - Weight, defined by the competition hosts [here](https://www.kaggle.com/cstein06/tutorial-to-the-g-research-crypto-competition)
12. **Asset_Name** - Human readable Asset name.

Indexing

The dataframe is indexed by timestamp and sorted from oldest to newest. The first row starts at the first timestamp available on the exchange, which is July 2017 for the longest-running pairs.

Usage Example

The following is a collection of simple starter notebooks for Kaggle's Crypto Comp showing PurgedTimeSeries in use with the collected dataset. Purged TimesSeries is explained here. There are many configuration variables below to allow you to experiment. Use either GPU or TPU. You can control which years are loaded, which neural networks are used, and whether to use feature engineering. You can experiment with different data preprocessing, model architecture, loss, optimizers, and learning rate schedules. The extra datasets contain the full history of the assets in the same format as the competition, so you can input that into your model too.

Baseline Example Notebooks:

• Neural Network Starter
• LightGBM Starter
• Catboost Starter
• XGBoost Starter
• TabNet Starter
• Reinforcement Learning (PPO) Starter

These notebooks follow the ideas presented in my "Initial Thoughts" here. Some code sections have been reused from Chris' great (great) notebook series on SIIM ISIC melanoma detection competition here

Loose-ends:

This is a work in progress and will be updated constantly throughout the competition. At the moment, there are some known issues that still needed to be addressed:

• VWAP: - At the moment VWAP calculation formula is still unclear. Currently the dataset uses an approximation calculated from the Open, High, Low, Close, Volume candlesticks. [Waiting for competition hosts input]
• Target Labeling: There exist some mismatches to the original target provided by the hosts at some time intervals. On all the others - it is the same. The labeling code can be seen here. [Waiting for competition hosts] input]
• Filtering: No filtration of 0 volume data is taken place.

Example Visualisations

Opening price with an added indicator (MA50): https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2234678%2Fb8664e6f26dc84e9a40d5a3d915c9640%2Fdownload.png?generation=1582053879538546&alt=media" alt="">

Volume and number of trades: https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2234678%2Fcd04ed586b08c1576a7b67d163ad9889%2Fdownload-1.png?generation=1582053899082078&alt=media" alt="">

License

This data is being collected automatically from the crypto exchange Binance.

CoinAPI delivers digital asset data that connects you with major trading platforms. We provide traders and developers with live market updates, current prices, trading volumes, and historical performance for both spot and futures markets.

Our APIs give you access to detailed market data from exchanges like OKX, Upbit, and Bitget. You'll get real-time price updates, trading patterns, and market trends in one place. We deliver this information in formats that work for you, helping you make better trading decisions.

Whether you're building a trading app, analyzing markets, or developing trading strategies, our data offers a complete view of exchange activity. Connect through REST, WebSocket, or FIX to build exactly what you need.

➡️ Why choose us?

📊 Market Coverage & Data Types: ◦ Real-time and historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) ◦ Full order book depth (L2/L3) ◦ Trade-by-trade data ◦ OHLCV across multiple timeframes ◦ Market indexes (VWAP, PRIMKT) ◦ Exchange rates with fiat pairs ◦ Spot, futures, options, and perpetual contracts ◦ Coverage of 90%+ global trading volume

🔧 Technical Excellence: ◦ 99,9% uptime guarantee ◦ Multiple delivery methods: REST, WebSocket, FIX, S3 ◦ Standardized data format across exchanges ◦ Ultra-low latency data streaming ◦ Detailed documentation ◦ Custom integration assistance

CoinAPI helps hundreds of organizations worldwide - from trading firms and hedge funds to researchers and tech companies. We're known for reliable data and solid technical performance, including comprehensive stablecoin tracking across major markets. That's why so many businesses trust us when they need dependable cryptocurrency market information.