This dataset comprises 2 collections of maps. The facsmile collection contains all the marginalia information from the original map as well as the map itself, while the georectified collection contains just the map with an associated index for locating them. Each collection comprises approximately 101 000 monochrome images at 6-inch (1:10560) scale. Each image is supplied in .tiff format with appropriate ArcView and MapInfo world files, and shows the topography for all areas of England, Wales and Scotland as either quarter or, in some cases, full sheets. The images will cover the approximate epochs 1880's, 1900's, 1910's, 1920's and 1930's, but note that coverage is not countrywide for each epoch. The data was purchased by BGS from Sitescope, who obtained it from three sources - Royal Geographical Society, Trinity College Dublin and the Ordnance Survey. The data is for internal use by BGS staff on projects, and is available via a customised application created for the network GDI enabling users to search for and load the maps of their choice. The dataset will have many uses across all the geoscientific disciplines across which BGS operates, and should be viewed as a valuable addition to the BGS archive. There has been a considerable amount of work done during 2005, 2006 and 2007 to improve the accuracy of the OS Historic Map Collection. All maps should now be located to +- 50m or better. This is the best that can be achieved cost effectively. There are a number of reasons why the maps are inaccurate. Firstly, the original maps are paper and many are over 100 years old. They have not been stored in perfect condition. The paper has become distorted to varying degrees over time. The maps were therefore not accurate before scanning. Secondly, different generations of maps will have used different surveying methods and different spatial referencing systems. The same geographical object will not necessarily be in the same spatial location on subsequent editions. Thirdly, we are discussing maps, not plans. There will be cartographic generalisations which will affect the spatial representation and location of geographic objects. Finally, the georectification was not done in BGS but by the company from whom we purchased the maps. The company no longer exists. We do not know the methodology used for georectification.

Various data recorded by Historic England relating to aerial investigation and mapping projects. N.B. This is a dynamic dataset that is constantly evolving, not only with the addition of newly completed projects, but also with the reassessment of some earlier projects. See https://historicengland.org.uk/research/methods/airborne-remote-sensing/aerial-investigation/ for further details of Historic England's work with aerial sources. It's currently not possible to provide download access to the earlier hand drawn projects, which are only available as raster files, but these can be viewed via the Aerial Archaeology Mapping Explorer. We aim to create vector monument polygons for these features as the next phase of the project. More information and help with these the layers Detailed MappingThis layer shows the detailed mapping of archaeological features derived from aerial imagery; this includes photographic imagery from many decades taken specifically for archaeological purposes, as well as other photography taken for other reasons and airborne lidar. The data are symbolised initially based on their physical form i.e. cut/negative (e.g. pit, ditch etc) or built/positive (e.g. mound, bank etc) .Field nameField aliasDescriptionMandatory Y/NLAYERLAYERThe layer used for mappingYPROJECTPROJECTProject nameYPERIODPERIODThe presumed date/period assigned to the feature (terminology from FISH thesaurus)YMONUMENT_TYPEMONUMENT_TYPE The presumed type/function assigned to the feature (terminology from FISH thesaurus)YEVIDENCE_1EVIDENCE_1The primary evidence for the feature e.g. cropmark, earthwork etc (terminology from FISH thesaurus)YSOURCE_1SOURCE_1The primary source for the feature e.g. aerial photo reference, documentary source etcYEVIDENCE_2EVIDENCE_2Where available the latest evidence for the feature e.g. cropmark, earthwork etc (terminology from FISH thesaurus) N.B. This was the latest evidence seen and does not necessarily represent the current status of the feature.NSOURCE_2SOURCE_2Where available the latest source for the feature N.B. This was the latest evidence seen and does not necessarily represent the current status of the feature.NHE_UIDHE_UIDComposite of Unique identifier(s) used by Historic EnglandYHER_NOHER_NOComposite of Unique identifier(s) used by Historic Environment RecordsNDHEUID_1DHEUID_1Primary Unique identifier used by Historic EnglandYDHEUID_2DHEUID_2Secondary Unique identifier used by Historic England. Used where a feature may relate to more than one Historic England recordNDHEUID_3 ~ 5DHEUID_3 ~ 5Additional Unique identifier used by Historic England. Used where a feature may relate to more than one Historic England recordNHE_URL1HE_URL1URL link to the relevant Historic England record in Heritage GatewayYHE_URL2HE_URL2URL link to the relevant Historic England record in Heritage GatewayNHE_URL3 ~ 5HE_URL3 ~ 5URL link to the relevant Historic England record in Heritage GatewayNDHERNO_1DHERNO_1Primary unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER)YDHERNO_2DHERNO_2Secondary unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Used where a feature may relate to more than one HER recordNDHERNO_3 ~ 5DHERNO_3 ~ 5Tertiary unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Used where a feature may relate to more than one HER recordNDHERPREF_1DHERPREF_1Primary alternative unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Some HERs use the same number for both the HER No. and the reference to link to the record; others use different numbers and give them different names e.g MonUIDYDHERPREF_2DHERPREF_2Secondary alternative unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Some HERs use the same number for both the HER No. and the reference to link to the record; others use different numbers and give them different names e.g MonUID Used where a feature may relate to more than one HER recordNDHERPREF_3 ~ 5DHERPREF_3 ~ 5Additional alternative unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Some HERs use the same number for both the HER No. and the reference to link to the record; others use different numbers and give them different names e.g MonUID Used where a feature may relate to more than one HER recordNHER_LINK_1HER_LINK_1URL link to the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER) record in Heritage Gateway YHER_LINK_2HER_LINK_2URL link to the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER) record in Heritage GatewayNHER_LINK_3 ~ 5HER_LINK_3 ~ 5URL link to the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER) record in Heritage GatewayNThe data are symbolised initially based on their physical form i.e. cut/negative (e.g. pit, ditch etc) or built/positive (e.g. mound, bank etc)Layer nameColour (Hex)DescriptionBank#A50026Used to outline banks, platforms, mounds and spoil heaps.Ditch#313695Used to outline cut features such as ditches, ponds, pits or hollow ways.Extent of Feature#FDAE61 (Dashes)Used to depict the extent of large area features such as airfields, military camps, or major extraction.Ridge and Furrow Alignment#74ADD1Line or arrow(s) (hand drawn not a symbol) depicting the direction of the rigs in a block of ridge and furrow.Ridge and Furrow Area#74ADD1 (Dots)Used to outline a block of ridge and furrow .Slope#4575B4The top of the “T” indicates the top of slope and the body indicates the length and direction of the slope. Used to depict scarps, edges of platforms and other large earthworks.Structure#F46D43Used to outline structures including stone, concrete, metal and timber constructions e.g., buildings, Nissen huts, tents, radio masts, camouflaged airfields, wrecks, fish traps, etc. You can find instructions on how to create a QGIS style file (.qml) to recreate our mapping symbology in QGIS via our Open Data Downloads page under Aerial Investigation Mapping data. Monument ExtentsThis layer shows the general extent of the monuments, created from multiple sources, primarily aerial imagery, but referring to other sources such as earthwork surveys, documentary evidence and any information available from the relevant Historic Environment Record etc. This differs from the 'Detailed Mapping' layer, which shows the individual features as they appear on the ground.Field nameField aliasDescriptionMandatory Y/NLAYERLAYERThe layer used for mappingYHE_UIDHE_UIDComposite of Unique identifier(s) used by Historic EnglandYHER_NOHER_NOComposite of Unique identifier(s) used by Historic Environment RecordsNHE_UID1HE_UID1Primary Unique identifier used by Historic EnglandYHE_UID2HE_UID2Secondary Unique identifier used by Historic England. Used where a feature may relate to more than one Historic England recordNHE_UID3 ~ 5HE-UID3 ~ 5Additional Unique identifier used by Historic England. Used where a feature may relate to more than one Historic England recordNHE_URL1HE_URL1URL link to the relevant Historic England record in Heritage GatewayYHE_URL2HE_URL2URL link to the relevant Historic England record in Heritage GatewayNHE_URL3 ~ 5HE_URL3 ~ 5URL link to the relevant Historic England record in Heritage GatewayNHERNO_1HERNO_1Primary unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER)YHERNO_2HERNO_2Secondary unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Used where a feature may relate to more than one HER recordNHERNO_3 ~ 25HERNO_3 ~ 25Tertiary unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Used where a feature may relate to more than one HER recordNHERPREF_1HERPREF_1Primary alternative unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Some HERs use the same number for both the HER No. and the reference to link to the record; others use different numbers and give them different names e.g MonUIDYHERPREF_2HERPREF_2Secondary alternative unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Some HERs use the same number for both the HER No. and the reference to link to the record; others use different numbers and give them different names e.g MonUID Used where a feature may relate to more than one HER recordNHERPREF_3 ~ 25HERPREF_3 ~ 25Additional alternative unique identifier used by the relevant Historic Environment Record. Some HERs use the same number for both the HER No. and the reference to link to the record; others use different numbers and give them different names e.g MonUID Used where a feature may relate to more than one HER recordNHER_LINK_1HER_LINK_1URL link to the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER) record in Heritage GatewayYHER_LINK_2HER_LINK_2URL link to the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER) record in Heritage GatewayNHER_LINK_3 ~ 25HER_LINK_3 ~ 25URL link to the relevant Historic Environment Record (HER) record in Heritage GatewayNPROJECTprojectProject nameYProject AreaThis layer shows the extent of the various projects carried out by Historic England, it's predecessor bodies and other organisations grant aided by them. It shows the total extent of the project, irrespective of the various counties etc that might be covered. Field nameField aliasDescriptionMandatory Y/NLAYERLAYERThe layer used for mappingYTYPETYPEThe type of mapping carried out for the project e.g. Raster, Vector etcYDRAWFORMATDRAWFORMATThe form of mapping carried out for the project e.g. hand drawn, digitised etcYPROJECT_NAPROJECT_NAThe name of the projectYSTATUSSTATUSThe status of the project e.g. completed, ongoingYSOURCESSOURCESThe sources from which the mapping was derived for the project e.g. oblique aerial photographs, lidar etcYCOMPLETEDCOMPLETEDThe date for the completion of the projectYYEARYEARThe date for the completion of the projectYTEAMTEAMThe team that completed the projectYRRS_NoRRS_NoThe number of the research report relating to the project, where one existsNRRS_URLRRS_URLThe link to the research report relating to the project, where one existsN

This dataset comprises 2 collections of maps. The facsmile collection contains all the marginalia information from the original map as well as the map itself, while the georectified collection contains just the map with an associated index for locating them. Each collection comprises approximately 101 000 monochrome images at 6-inch (1:10560) scale. Each image is supplied in .tiff format with appropriate ArcView and MapInfo world files, and shows the topography for all areas of England, Wales and Scotland as either quarter or, in some cases, full sheets. The images will cover the approximate epochs 1880's, 1900's, 1910's, 1920's and 1930's, but note that coverage is not countrywide for each epoch. The data was purchased by BGS from Sitescope, who obtained it from three sources - Royal Geographical Society, Trinity College Dublin and the Ordnance Survey. The data is for internal use by BGS staff on projects, and is available via a customised application created for the network GDI enabling users to search for and load the maps of their choice. The dataset will have many uses across all the geoscientific disciplines across which BGS operates, and should be viewed as a valuable addition to the BGS archive. There has been a considerable amount of work done during 2005, 2006 and 2007 to improve the accuracy of the OS Historic Map Collection. All maps should now be located to +- 50m or better. This is the best that can be achieved cost effectively. There are a number of reasons why the maps are inaccurate. Firstly, the original maps are paper and many are over 100 years old. They have not been stored in perfect condition. The paper has become distorted to varying degrees over time. The maps were therefore not accurate before scanning. Secondly, different generations of maps will have used different surveying methods and different spatial referencing systems. The same geographical object will not necessarily be in the same spatial location on subsequent editions. Thirdly, we are discussing maps, not plans. There will be cartographic generalisations which will affect the spatial representation and location of geographic objects. Finally, the georectification was not done in BGS but by the company from whom we purchased the maps. The company no longer exists. We do not know the methodology used for georectification.

This research project aimed to fill a major lacuna militating against the effective exploitation of many post-medieval to mid-Victorian historical sources collected by local administrative areas: the lack of information on the boundaries of those administrative areas, the so-called 'historic' or 'ancient' parishes of England and Wales. It is known that these districts came into being during the Middle Ages, that the map of these ecclesiastical parishes was essentially complete by the fifteenth century, that these ecclesiastical boundaries were adopted during the early modern period for secular and judicial purposes, and that boundaries remained essentially unchanged until a number of reforms from the mid-nineteenth century onwards reorganised the local administrative geography of the country. The project aimed to reconstruct those boundaries as they were before the post-nineteenth century changes.

The Historic Environment Opportunity Map for New Woodland dataset identifies areas in England that may be suitable for new woodland, based solely on available Historic Environment data. The dataset categorises land by different opportunity ratings to reflect the potential suitability of land for woodland creation while acknowledging areas of uncertainty due to data availability.

The purpose of this dataset is to guide landowners, planners, and decision-makers in considering woodland creation from a historic environment perspective. It should be noted that this dataset only considers the Historic Environment and therefore the opportunity ratings do not guarantee or preclude approval for woodland creation proposals.

As any forestry proposal could have the potential to affect the Historic Environment you should contact your local historic environment service. The local historic environment service can provide further data to support woodland creation proposals.

NHLE is the official, up to date register of all nationally protected historic buildings and sites in England.

SHINE is a single, nationally consistent dataset of non-designated historic and archaeological features from across England that could benefit from land management schemes.

The opportunity ratings are as defined:

· Favourable - Areas deemed suitable for new woodland on consideration of available Historic Environment data.

· Neutral - Areas deemed neither favourable nor unfavourable for new woodland on consideration of available Historic Environment data. Proposals in these areas will require additional consideration of the Historic Environment on a case-by-case basis.

· Unclassified - Areas, where SHINE data has been supplied, with no assigned opportunity rating. This illustrates a current absence of recorded data from a Historic Environment perspective. However, as SHINE data is included in the dataset for this area, a degree of confidence may be inferred when considering the absence of historic environment features.

· Unclassified (No SHINE supplied) - Areas, where SHINE data has not been supplied, with no assigned opportunity rating. This illustrates a current absence of recorded data from a Historic Environment perspective.

· Unsuitable - Areas deemed unsuitable for new woodland on consideration of available Historic Environment data.

Unclassified areas may be suitable or unsuitable for new woodland. To better understand these areas, contact the local historic environment service in accordance with the UKFS and Historic Environment Guidance for Forestry in England - GOV.UK

The datasets included in each opportunity rating are as follows:

Favourable

· Lost Historic Woodlands (ArchAI/Forestry Commission) – An A.I. dataset that identifies areas of woodland depicted on early 20th Century Ordnance Survey mapping which have since been lost.

Neutral

· Historic Parklands (Zulu Ecosystems) – an A.I. dataset that identifies areas of parkland depicted on early 20th Century Ordnance Survey mapping.

· World Heritage Site Core data (Historic England) – Core areas of World Heritage Sites, as designated by UNESCO.

· World Heritage Site Buffer (Historic England) – Buffer zones surrounding World Heritage Sites, as designated by UNESCO.

· Ridge and Furrow (Low) (ArchAI) – an A.I. dataset that identifies areas of less well-preserved historic ridge and furrow derived from LiDAR data.

Unclassified

· HER Boundaries (SHINE supplied) – Geographic areas covered by local historic environment services, where SHINE data has been supplied to the Forestry Commission.

· HER Boundaries (No SHINE supplied) - Geographic areas covered by local historic environment services where SHINE data has not been supplied to the Forestry Commission.

Unsuitable

· Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) (local historic environment services) – regional datasets that provide information on the historic character of the landscape.

· Scheduled Monuments (Historic England) – Protected archaeological sites of national importance.

· Scheduled Monuments Buffer – A 20 metre buffer surrounding Scheduled Monuments in-line with UKFS.

· Selected Heritage Inventory for Natural England (SHINE)(local historic environment services) – National dataset of non-designated heritage assets.

· Registered Parks and Gardens (Historic England) – Parks and Gardens designated as being of national significance.

· Registered Battlefields (Historic England) – Battlefields designated as being of national significance.

· Ridge and Furrow (High) (ArchAI) – an A.I. dataset that identifies areas of well-preserved historic ridge and furrow derived from LiDAR data.

This project systematically processed high-resolution and manuscript historical maps to unlock a dormant body of information about the historical development of cities and regions during periods of structural economic transformation.

The work was organised across six interlinked work packages, combining empirical and theoretical analysis in the UK, France, and Canada. Outputs included peer-reviewed publications and robust algorithms for extracting spatial data from historical sources, contributing valuable tools and insights to the fields of urban economics and economic history.

This data package contains three segmentation codes designed to extract features and segment historical maps.

Little is known about the patterns of city development during the structural transformation of economies. This project will systematically process high-resolution and manuscript historical maps to make a dormant body of information about our cities' and regions' past accessible.

The proposed research will advance our understanding of long-run urban growth through the development of three innovative methodologies, which will overcome practical limitations of historical data sources: 1) A technique to extract land use patterns from historical colour maps applied to France (1750-1950); 2) A recognition algorithm to detect, tag and geo-locate points of interest in historical high-quality maps of the 70 largest urban centre in England and Wales; 3) An algorithm to geo-locate address information from Micro-censuses and trade registers.

We have identified four main research questions that will be developed in the following separate research projects. In Project 1, the main question is: what are the long-term empirical patterns of urban development, most notably the persistence of the spatial organisation of economic activity and the role of building infrastructure in shaping such persistence? In Project 2, the main question is: How do environmental disamenities and their unequal distribution within cities affect the spatial organisation of consumption amenities and production? In Project 3, the main question is: Do cities grow towards their bad parts, their neighbourhoods with the lowest environmental amenities? In Project 4, the main question is: How does vertical growth and advances in building technologies affect the spatial organisation of cities?

To address these research questions, we will organise our workflow in six inter-connected work packages (WP):

WP1--Classification of land use in France (1750-2015): The objective of WP1 will be to recover land use information at a fine scale from digitised maps using state-of-the-art machine learning techniques;

WP2--Digitisation of micro-features embedded in Ordnance Survey (OS) city maps of England and Wales (1870-1960);

WP3--Geo-localization of residents and production units in England and Wales (1851-1911);

WP4--Dynamic model of city growth with persistent building stock: WP4 builds a general equilibrium model of spatial economic activity that embeds the durability of housing and infrastructure and exploits the three hundred years of population settlement data produced in WP1;

WP5--Pollution and the long-run development of cities: WP5 builds on WP2,3 and proposes to study the joint dynamics of residential sorting and the location of production within cities to understand how a major environmental disamenity-industrial pollution-affects the spatial organisation of cities in the longer-run;

WP6--Horizontal and vertical urban growth in Montreal and Toronto: WP6 will bridge between the previous working packages WP1, WP2, WP4 and WP5, and study--empirically and theoretically--horizontal and vertical urban growth.

The project will be jointly led by three teams. The French team will be composed of Gobillon (PI), Combes (CoI) and Duranton (TM) who have contributed to the development of major theoretical approaches in urban economics. The Canadian team will be led by Heblich (PI), who is a lead researcher in urban economics/economic history, and Fortin (Co-I), a lead in GIS analysis. The UK team will be led by Zylberberg (PI), who is an economist specialist in data extraction form historical sources and remote sensing. Shaw-Taylor and Schürer, advisory board, will help design the analysis of the population micro-censuses between 1851 and 1911 (WP3). The collaboration partner, Redding (TM), involved in the design of WP3 and the implementation of WP6, is one of the World lead researchers in urban economics.

Outputs will include articles in top economic journals, and detailed algorithms to extract relevant spatial information from manuscript maps.

This is a spatial dataset that defines the non-designated geographic extent and location of Historic Parklands in England, as depicted in the OS Historic Maps (2nd Edition and Hills Edition). Regularly updated aerial imagery has been used to ensure high spatial accuracy. The mapping scale is 1:1,000. This dataset, alongside the designated landscapes within the Historic England Registered Parks and Gardens layers, and HER searches can provide a comprehensive understanding of the maximum historic extent of Parklands.Historic parklands are uniquely placed to deliver integrated multi-objective benefits for the historic and natural environments. They are a finite and non-renewable resource, and they remain working landscapes. Through active management, their countless interests can be secured to great public benefit.This dataset was developed using multiple reference layers, each contributing unique value. The layers are listed below in order of precedence for decision-making:Aerial Photography of Great Britain – High-resolution imagery used for precise boundary verification of historic parklands.OS 2nd Edition Historic Map (1888–1913) – Detailed topographic maps capturing landscape changes during the late Victorian and Edwardian periods, with a - particular focus on Parks and Ornamental Grounds.OS Hills Edition Historic Map (1885–1903) – One-inch-to-the-mile maps with shaded relief, providing insights into terrain and historical land use, with a specific emphasis on Parks and Ornamental Grounds.HE Registered Parks and Gardens (RPG) – Contains designated historic parkland names and boundaries.NE Wood Pasture and Parkland – Represents vegetation structure rather than historic features, used selectively when other sources are unavailable, although it has limited relevance for defining parkland boundaries.NE Ancient Woodland – Depicts ancient woodlands but has limited relevance for defining parkland boundaries.NE Historic Parkland – A pre-existing dataset with low spatial accuracy and no metadata, serving as a reference layer for areas requiring review (targeting only).Attribution Column Heading Full Name Format Description

Name Parkland Name Character (254) Name of Parkland

Part_N Part Number Character (5) Part number in case the parkland is formed by several polygon

Comment Comment Character (254) Open text field to record any unusual or specific cases

HER_Name HER Name Character (55) Name for each of the 83 Historic Environment Records geographic areas in England.

HE_Region HE Region Character (25) Name for each of 6 Historic England Regions

Area_m2 Area m2 Double The size of the parkland features square meters or hectares.

Length_m Length m (perimeter) Double The perimeter length of the parkland feature.

Creator Creator Character (25) The contractor, team or person who created the dataset entry.

C_Date Creation Date Date The date when the dataset entry was created.

Editor Editor Character (25) The contractor, team or person who last edited the dataset entry.

E_Date Edition Date Date The date of the last edit.

Full metadata can be viewed on environment.data.gov.uk

Historic Flood Map is a GIS layer showing the maximum extent of all individual Recorded Flood Outlines from river, the sea and groundwater springs and shows areas of land that have previously been subject to flooding in England. Records began in 1946 when predecessor bodies to the Environment Agency started collecting detailed information about flooding incidents, although we may hold limited details about flooding incidents prior to this date. This dataset differs from the Recorded Flood Outline dataset in that it contains only those flood outlines that are 'considered and accepted' if the following criteria are met:photographic/video evidence with the location referencedrecorded flood levels with the location referencedevidence that the outline represents the time of peak water level (for example date / time stamped photo)evidence that the source of flooding is from rivers, the sea or groundwater and not surface water/overland runoff. The absence of coverage by the Historic Flood Map for an area does not mean that the area has never flooded, only that we do not currently have records of flooding in this area. It is also possible that the pattern of flooding in this area has changed and that this area would now flood under different circumstances. The Historic Flood Map will take into account of the presence of defences, structures, and other infrastructure where they existed at the time of flooding. It will include flood extents that may have been affected by overtopping, breaches or blockages. Flooding shown to the land and does not necessarily indicate that properties were flooded internally. The Historic Flood Map consists of spatial data only.

This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is Historic towns : maps and plans of towns and cities in the British Isles, with historical commentaries, from earliest times to 1800. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

This dataset is primarily intended to be used for informing development decisions. This dataset is incomplete, and contains some authoritative data provided by local authorities, as well as conservation area boundaries from Historic England, and other secondary sources found on data.gov.uk. The data currently contains a number of duplicate areas we are working to remove.

The BGS database of geological maps is an index into BGS holdings of modern and historical published geological maps, geological standards and field slips, and also contains a range of other map series, including geophysical maps, geochemical maps, hydrogeological maps, thematic maps and other small-scale miscellaneous non-series maps. Historical vertical and horizontal sections, as well as indices to colours, are also included. The database comprises map metadata, including the title, theme, survey and revision years, publication years, mapped geological theme, base material, map function, colouration, approval status and the spatial extent of each map sheet. An accompanying file store contains high-resolution JPEG2000 scans for delivery, as well as various digital master and delivery formats. For a small number of maps, no scan exists. In total, the database contains over 240,000 scans of over 130,000 maps and field slips. The majority of the maps in the database cover Great Britain, but other regions are also represented, including a historical series of 1-inch maps of Ireland, 6-inch maps of the Isle of Man, 1:25 000 scale maps of the Channel Islands, and various overseas maps. The database contains a record of all geological maps produced by the British Geological Survey and its predecessors since the commencement of systematic geological mapping in the 1830s. The BGS Maps Database is mostly an archive of previous BGS maps, and is not the same as the latest BGS digital mapping. The maps within the database may differ significantly from BGS digital vector mapping. Further information about BGS digital vector mapping is available on the BGS website, under 'BGS Datasets'. The database has evolved over time, originally being a series of discrete databases. These databases have now been aggregated into a single dataset. BGS published maps, as well as 1:10 560 and 1:10 000 large-scale geological maps of England and Wales, and Scotland, are available through the BGS Maps Portal. Field slips and some thematic maps are not included on the BGS Maps Portal. The information about a map is normally a transcription from the map itself. Sometimes key information such as the title may not be actually printed on the map. Where this is the case the information is supplied in square brackets, e.g. [Kirk Maiden]. Information in square brackets means the information is supplied by the cataloguer and is not transcribed from the item.

In the middle of 2001 Roger Kain and Richard Oliver, from the University of Exeter, published a substantial work entitled Historic Parishes of England and Wales: Electronic Map - Gazetteer- Metadata. This was the final product of a project aimed at locating and mapping the boundaries of parish and sub-parish units of the mid-nineteenth century. The authors published the results in a series of electronic maps supplied on CD-ROM. Each one of these 115 maps contain a scanned 1”:1 mile OS New Popular Series map, overlain by the boundaries. A reference number can be found in each of the polygons that can then be used to look up information about that parish in gazetteer in an accompanying book.

A major limitation of this work is that although the boundaries are in digital form, they are divided into 115 tiles, none of which have any spatial co-ordinate information inherent in them. This means that although the maps are invaluable as a reference tool, they can not be used together within a GIS to select, analyse and present historic information.

We have therefore created a single digital map of the boundaries to provide a single, continuous coverage of polygons, each of which contain the information provided by Kain and Oliver in their accompanying book. This information includes the parish name, Ancient County, and a reference number that coincides with entries for that parish in the 1851 census report.

It is recommended that users also order disc 1 of study 4348; Historic Parishes of England and Wales : an Electronic Map of Boundaries before 1850 with a Gazetteer and Metadata

Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

INDEX VILLARIS: or, An Alphabetical Table of all the cities, market-towns, parishes, villages, and private seats in England and Wales was first published by John Adams in 1680. This dataset consists of a transcription of all 24,000 place-names listed in Index Villaris, together with the the symbols representing Adams's categorisation of each place and modern versions of the place-names and the counties and administrative hundred in which they lie or lay. It also comprises a transcription of the latitude and longitude recorded by Adams, and another set of coordinates generated by the application of a thin plate spline transformation calculated by matching some 2,000 place-names to the accurately-georeferenced CAMPOP Towns dataset.

The dataset is being checked, corrected, and refined to include linkage to other geospatial references such as OpenStreetMap and Wikidata, and will in due course be made available in the Linked Places Format.

The BGS database of geological maps is an index into BGS holdings of modern and historical published geological maps, geological standards and field slips, and also contains a range of other map series, including geophysical maps, geochemical maps, hydrogeological maps, thematic maps and other small-scale miscellaneous non-series maps. Historical vertical and horizontal sections, as well as indices to colours, are also included. The database comprises map metadata, including the title, theme, survey and revision years, publication years, mapped geological theme, base material, map function, colouration, approval status and the spatial extent of each map sheet. An accompanying file store contains high-resolution JPEG2000 scans for delivery, as well as various digital master and delivery formats. For a small number of maps, no scan exists. In total, the database contains over 240,000 scans of over 130,000 maps and field slips. The majority of the maps in the database cover Great Britain, but other regions are also represented, including a historical series of 1-inch maps of Ireland, 6-inch maps of the Isle of Man, 1:25 000 scale maps of the Channel Islands, and various overseas maps. The database contains a record of all geological maps produced by the British Geological Survey and its predecessors since the commencement of systematic geological mapping in the 1830s. The BGS Maps Database is mostly an archive of previous BGS maps, and is not the same as the latest BGS digital mapping. The maps within the database may differ significantly from BGS digital vector mapping. Further information about BGS digital vector mapping is available on the BGS website, under 'BGS Datasets'. The database has evolved over time, originally being a series of discrete databases. These databases have now been aggregated into a single dataset. BGS published maps, as well as 1:10 560 and 1:10 000 large-scale geological maps of England and Wales, and Scotland, are available through the BGS Maps Portal. Field slips and some thematic maps are not included on the BGS Maps Portal. The information about a map is normally a transcription from the map itself. Sometimes key information such as the title may not be actually printed on the map. Where this is the case the information is supplied in square brackets, e.g. [Kirk Maiden]. Information in square brackets means the information is supplied by the cataloguer and is not transcribed from the item.

This layer of the map based index (GeoIndex) shows the location of earthquakes within the UK. The historical catalogue has been compiled, in general, from macroseismic observations (ie felt effects). Before 1700, only earthquakes with magnitudes of 4.0 ML or greater are included. After 1700, all known events with magnitudes of 3.0 ML or greater are included together with some other, smaller ones. Accuracies of magnitude, location, and origin time vary with the quality of information available for this period as they do for instrumental measurements in the post 1970 period. In that case, variations are largely a function of the seismograph station coverage, which has been improving up to the present day.

The Oxfordshire Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) Project commenced in October 2012, funded by Historic England and hosted by Oxfordshire County Council (OCC). Due to a change in key personnel, the Project was not brought to a close until July 2017. The Oxfordshire HLC is the final project to be completed (outside of London) within Historic England’s national programme and represents the comprehensive coverage of HLC data across England. The aims of the Oxfordshire HLC were: To characterise, digitally map and make available in a web-based format, the historic dimension of the current landscape of Oxfordshire, in order to inform its management, conservation, and understanding at a local, county, regional, and national level. The Oxfordshire HLC project, therefore, identified and recorded evidence of the processes which have shaped the character of the current landscape. To achieve this, polygons, units of land grouped by shared characteristics, were mapped across the whole of the county. For each spatially distinct polygon, data were recorded in an Access database. This included information on the dominant attributes common to the polygon, the Broad and HLC Types those attributes assigned the polygon to, the date of origin of the current landscape type, previous landscape types, associated monuments, and evidence sources used. This methodology was primarily desk-based, using maps and aerial photographs as the primary sources of evidence. A photographic survey was conducted in the field to enhance understanding of different HLC Types. All mapping was carried out within MapInfo, a GIS program, and the linked database was created within the HLC module of HBSMR, an Access database developed and managed by Exegesis. Accuracy of Content: The level of detail and the accuracy of the information held on each HLC type reflect the nature or content of the sources used to compile the record. Users of this data should consult the HER to clarify the level of reliability and/or precision that should be afforded to information derived from the HBSMR. The Site and its Content is provided for your general information only; we do not undertake that Content will always be accurate and complete. Therefore, if you propose to do, or refrain from doing, something in reliance upon Content you find on the Site, you must check the accuracy of the relevant Content by some other means.

This geolocated dataset derives from several surveys commissioned by the English Crown in 1565, enquiring into the state of the various ports, landing places, and coastal communities of England and Wales.

Please see the GitHub repository for details of the sources used and visualisation of their geographic scope.

‘Listing’ is the all-encompassing term for the legal protection given to a building, monument, structure or site through the planning system. It is recognition of historical, architectural or archaeological significance, intended to ensure that the character of the asset in question is preserved for future generations. The main types of Listing are: Listed BuildingsScheduled MonumentsRegistered Parks and GardensRegistered BattlefieldsProtected Wreck SitesWorld Heritage SitesData is updated daily.Further details are available on our website here - https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/Historic England Open Data Hub - https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/open-data-hub/Field descriptionsListed BuildingsPolygons are available for listed buildings listed or substantively amended since 4th April 2011. Field nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameName of buildingGradeGradeGrade of building; in descending order of importance: I, II*,IIListDateDate first listedDate on which the building was added to the Statutory List of BuildingsAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the listing was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that listed building was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectares. Polygon layer only. Only populated where building footprint has been mappedNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingBuilding Preservation NoticesField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameName of buildingBPNStartBPN Issue DateStart date of the noticeBPNExpireBPN Expiry DateExpiry date of the noticeCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that building preservation notice was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectares Polygon layer onlyNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingCertificates of ImmunityField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameName of buildingCOIStartStart Date of CertificateStart date of the certificateCOIExpireExpiry Date of CertificateExpiry date of the certificateCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that certificate of immunity was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectares Polygon layer onlyNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingScheduled MonumentsField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameStatutory registered title of monumentSchedDateDate first listedDate on which the monument was included in the Schedule of MonumentsAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the scheduling was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that scheduled monument was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingRegistered Parks and GardensField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameRegistered title of park and gardenGradeGradeGrade of park and garden; in descending order of importance: I, II*, IIRegDateDate first listedDate on which the park and garden was included in the Register of Historic Parks and GardensAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the registration was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that park and garden was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingRegistered BattlefieldsField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameRegistered title of battlefieldRegDateDate first listedDate on which the battlefield was included in the Register of Historic BattlefieldsAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the registration was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that battlefield was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingProtected Wreck SitesField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameName of wreck siteDesigDateDate first listedDate on which the wreck site was designated as a restricted areaAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the designation was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that protected wreck was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidLatitudeLatitudeLatitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)LongitudeLongitudeLongitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)World Heritage SitesField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameTitle of world heritage propertyInscrDateDate first listedDate on which the property was inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCOAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the inscription was last amendedNotesNotesDenotes if polygon is Property Boundary (noted as Core Area) or Buffer ZoneCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that World Heritage Site was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northing

National Highways Historical Railways Estate Boundary maps out the land belonging to the Secretary of State for Transport that is part of the Historical Railways Estate managed by National Highways.Surplus land does not form part of this dataset.

The Historic Railways Estate boundary is derived from:

Ordnance Survey Mastermap Topography; The original railway companies’ land plans which have been marked up with historical sale information.This dataset is refreshed periodically from the datasets the HRE team works on daily.

The data will be used on the NH website for people to access and be able to see what structures are in their local area.

‘Listing’ is the all-encompassing term for the legal protection given to a building, monument, structure or site through the planning system. It is recognition of historical, architectural or archaeological significance, intended to ensure that the character of the asset in question is preserved for future generations. The main types of Listing are: Listed BuildingsScheduled MonumentsRegistered Parks and GardensRegistered BattlefieldsProtected Wreck SitesWorld Heritage SitesData is updated daily.Further details are available on our website here - https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/Historic England Open Data Hub - https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/open-data-hub/Field descriptionsListed BuildingsPolygons are available for listed buildings listed or substantively amended since 4th April 2011. Field nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameName of buildingGradeGradeGrade of building; in descending order of importance: I, II*,IIListDateDate first listedDate on which the building was added to the Statutory List of BuildingsAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the listing was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that listed building was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectares. Polygon layer only. Only populated where building footprint has been mappedNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingBuilding Preservation NoticesField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameName of buildingBPNStartBPN Issue DateStart date of the noticeBPNExpireBPN Expiry DateExpiry date of the noticeCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that building preservation notice was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectares Polygon layer onlyNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingCertificates of ImmunityField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameName of buildingCOIStartStart Date of CertificateStart date of the certificateCOIExpireExpiry Date of CertificateExpiry date of the certificateCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that certificate of immunity was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectares Polygon layer onlyNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingScheduled MonumentsField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameStatutory registered title of monumentSchedDateDate first listedDate on which the monument was included in the Schedule of MonumentsAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the scheduling was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that scheduled monument was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingRegistered Parks and GardensField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameRegistered title of park and gardenGradeGradeGrade of park and garden; in descending order of importance: I, II*, IIRegDateDate first listedDate on which the park and garden was included in the Register of Historic Parks and GardensAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the registration was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that park and garden was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingRegistered BattlefieldsField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameRegistered title of battlefieldRegDateDate first listedDate on which the battlefield was included in the Register of Historic BattlefieldsAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the registration was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that battlefield was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northingProtected Wreck SitesField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameName of wreck siteDesigDateDate first listedDate on which the wreck site was designated as a restricted areaAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the designation was last amendedCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that protected wreck was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidLatitudeLatitudeLatitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)LongitudeLongitudeLongitude in decimal degrees (WGS84)World Heritage SitesField nameField aliasDescriptionList EntryList Entry NumberUnique reference number from the National Heritage List for EnglandNameList Entry NameTitle of world heritage propertyInscrDateDate first listedDate on which the property was inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCOAmendDateDate of most recent amendmentDate on which the inscription was last amendedNotesNotesDenotes if polygon is Property Boundary (noted as Core Area) or Buffer ZoneCaptureScaleCapture scaleScale at which the spatial representation of that World Heritage Site was capturedhyperlinkNHLE linkURL of the record on the Historic England websitearea_haArea (ha)Area of the polygon in hectaresNGRNational Grid ReferenceOrdnance Survey national grid reference of centroidEastingEastingCentroid eastingNorthingNorthingCentroid northing