These daily weather records were compiled from a subset of stations in the Global Historical Climatological Network (GHCN)-Daily dataset. A weather record is considered broken if the value exceeds the maximum (or minimum) value recorded for an eligible station. A weather record is considered tied if the value is the same as the maximum (or minimum) value recorded for an eligible station. Daily weather parameters include Highest Min/Max Temperature, Lowest Min/Max Temperature, Highest Precipitation, Highest Snowfall and Highest Snow Depth. All stations meet defined eligibility criteria. For this application, a station is defined as the complete daily weather records at a particular location, having a unique identifier in the GHCN-Daily dataset. For a station to be considered for any weather parameter, it must have a minimum of 30 years of data with more than 182 days complete in each year. This is effectively a 30-year record of service requirement, but allows for inclusion of some stations which routinely shut down during certain seasons. Small station moves, such as a move from one property to an adjacent property, may occur within a station history. However, larger moves, such as a station moving from downtown to the city airport, generally result in the commissioning of a new station identifier. This tool treats each of these histories as a different station. In this way, it does not thread the separate histories into one record for a city. Records Timescales are characterized in three ways. In order of increasing noteworthiness, they are Daily Records, Monthly Records and All Time Records. For a given station, Daily Records refers to the specific calendar day: (e.g., the value recorded on March 7th compared to every other March 7th). Monthly Records exceed all values observed within the specified month (e.g., the value recorded on March 7th compared to all values recorded in every March). All-Time Records exceed the record of all observations, for any date, in a station's period of record. The Date Range and Location features are used to define the time and location ranges which are of interest to the user. For example, selecting a date range of March 1, 2012 through March 15, 2012 will return a list of records broken or tied on those 15 days. The Location Category and Country menus allow the user to define the geographic extent of the records of interest. For example, selecting Oklahoma will narrow the returned list of records to those that occurred in the state of Oklahoma, USA. The number of records broken for several recent periods is summarized in the table and updated daily. Due to late-arriving data, the number of recent records is likely underrepresented in all categories, but the ratio of records (warm to cold, for example) should be a fairly strong estimate of a final outcome. There are many more precipitation stations than temperature stations, so the raw number of precipitation records will likely exceed the number of temperature records in most climatic situations.

Description

This dataset contains daily historical weather data recorded at multiple weather stations from January 1, 2020, to December 30, 2020. The data includes temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and weather conditions, providing a comprehensive view of the weather patterns over the year. This dataset is ideal for climate analysis, weather prediction, and educational purposes.

Columns

• Date: The date of the observation.
• Station: The weather station identifier.
• Temperature: The recorded temperature (in Celsius).
• Precipitation: The recorded precipitation (in mm).
• Humidity: The recorded humidity (in %).
• WindSpeed: The recorded wind speed (in km/h).
• WeatherCondition: The recorded weather condition (e.g., sunny, rainy, snowy).

Source

Data generated synthetically for educational purposes.

Potential Uses

• Climate change analysis
• Weather pattern prediction
• Agricultural planning

The National Forest Climate Change Maps project was developed by the Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and the Office of Sustainability and Climate to meet the needs of national forest managers for information on projected climate changes at a scale relevant to decision making processes, including forest plans. The maps use state-of-the-art science and are available for every national forest in the contiguous United States with relevant data coverage. Currently, the map sets include variables related to precipitation, air temperature, snow (including snow residence time and April 1 snow water equivalent), and stream flow.

Historical (1975-2005) and future (2071-2090) precipitation and temperature data for the contiguous United States are ensemble mean values across 20 global climate models from the CMIP5 experiment (https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1), downscaled to a 4 km grid. For more information on the downscaling method and to access the data, please see Abatzoglou and Brown, 2012 (https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/joc.2312) and the Northwest Knowledge Network (https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/MACA/). We used the MACAv2- Metdata monthly dataset; monthly precipitation values (mm) were summed over the season of interest (annual, winter, or summer). Absolute and percent change were then calculated between the historical and future time periods.

Raster data are also available for download from RMRS site (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/categories/us-raster-layers.html), along with pdf maps and detailed metadata (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/downloads/NationalForestClimateChangeMapsMetadata.pdf).

Historical Past (1895-1980) - Time series datasets prior to 1981 are modeled using climatologically-aided interpolation (CAI), which uses the long-term average pattern (i.e., the 30-year normals) as first-guess of the spatial pattern of climatic conditions for a given month or day. CAI is robust to wide variations in station data density, which is necessary when modeling long time series. Data is based on Monthly and Annual dataset covering the conterminous U.S. from 1981 to now. Contains spatially gridded monthly and annual total precipitation at 4km grid cell resolution. Distribution of the point measurements to the spatial grid was accomplished using the PRISM model, developed and applied by Dr. Christopher Daly of the PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University.

Hourly Precipitation Data (HPD) is digital data set DSI-3240, archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). The primary source of data for this file is approximately 5,500 US National Weather Service (NWS), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and cooperative observer stations in the United States of America, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and various Pacific Islands. The earliest data dates vary considerably by state and region: Maine, Pennsylvania, and Texas have data since 1900. The western Pacific region that includes Guam, American Samoa, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau have data since 1978. Other states and regions have earliest dates between those extremes. The latest data in all states and regions is from the present day. The major parameter in DSI-3240 is precipitation amounts, which are measurements of hourly or daily precipitation accumulation. Accumulation was for longer periods of time if for any reason the rain gauge was out of service or no observer was present. DSI 3240_01 contains data grouped by state; DSI 3240_02 contains data grouped by year.

Historical changes of annual temperature and precipitation indices at selected 210 U.S. cities

This dataset provide:

Annual average temperature, total precipitation, and temperature and precipitation extremes calculations for 210 U.S. cities.

Historical rates of changes in annual temperature, precipitation, and the selected temperature and precipitation extreme indices in the 210 U.S. cities.

Estimated thresholds (reference levels) for the calculations of annual extreme indices including warm and cold days, warm and cold nights, and precipitation amount from very wet days in the 210 cities.

Annual average of daily mean temperature, Tmax, and Tmin are included for annual average temperature calculations. Calculations were based on the compiled daily temperature and precipitation records at individual cities.

Temperature and precipitation extreme indices include: warmest daily Tmax and Tmin, coldest daily Tmax and Tmin , warm days and nights, cold days and nights, maximum 1-day precipitation, maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation, precipitation amounts from very wet days.

Number of missing daily Tmax, Tmin, and precipitation values are included for each city.

Rates of change were calculated using linear regression, with some climate indices applied with the Box-Cox transformation prior to the linear regression.

The historical observations from ACIS belong to Global Historical Climatological Network - daily (GHCN-D) datasets. The included stations were based on NRCC’s “ThreadEx” project, which combined daily temperature and precipitation extremes at 255 NOAA Local Climatological Locations, representing all large and medium size cities in U.S. (See Owen et al. (2006) Accessing NOAA Daily Temperature and Precipitation Extremes Based on Combined/Threaded Station Records).

Resources:

See included README file for more information.

Additional technical details and analyses can be found in: Lai, Y., & Dzombak, D. A. (2019). Use of historical data to assess regional climate change. Journal of climate, 32(14), 4299-4320. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0630.1

Other datasets from the same project can be accessed at: https://kilthub.cmu.edu/projects/Use_of_historical_data_to_assess_regional_climate_change/61538

ACIS database for historical observations: http://scacis.rcc-acis.org/

GHCN-D datasets can also be accessed at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/global-historical-climatology-network-daily/

Station information for each city can be accessed at: http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/

• 2024 August updated -

  Annual calculations for 2022 and 2023 were added.

  Linear regression results and thresholds for extremes were updated because of the addition of 2022 and 2023 data.

  Note that future updates may be infrequent.

• 2022 January updated -

  Annual calculations for 2021 were added.

  Linear regression results and thresholds for extremes were updated because of the addition of 2021 data.

• 2021 January updated -

  Annual calculations for 2020 were added.

  Linear regression results and thresholds for extremes were updated because of the addition of 2020 data.

• 2020 January updated -

  Annual calculations for 2019 were added.

  Linear regression results and thresholds for extremes were updated because of the addition of 2019 data.

  Thresholds for all 210 cities were combined into one single file – Thresholds.csv.

• 2019 June updated -

  Baltimore was updated with the 2018 data (previously version shows NA for 2018) and new ID to reflect the GCHN ID of Baltimore-Washington International AP. city_info file was updated accordingly.

  README file was updated to reflect the use of "wet days" index in this study. The 95% thresholds for calculation of wet days utilized all daily precipitation data from the reference period and can be different from the same index from some other studies, where only days with at least 1 mm of precipitation were utilized to calculate the thresholds. Thus the thresholds in this study can be lower than the ones that would've be calculated from the 95% percentiles from wet days (i.e., with at least 1 mm of precipitation).

The National Forest Climate Change Maps project was developed by the Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and the Office of Sustainability and Climate to meet the needs of national forest managers for information on projected climate changes at a scale relevant to decision making processes, including forest plans. The maps use state-of-the-art science and are available for every national forest in the contiguous United States with relevant data coverage. Currently, the map sets include variables related to precipitation, air temperature, snow (including snow residence time and April 1 snow water equivalent), and stream flow.

Historical (1975-2005) and future (2071-2090) precipitation and temperature data for the contiguous United States are ensemble mean values across 20 global climate models from the CMIP5 experiment (https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1), downscaled to a 4 km grid. For more information on the downscaling method and to access the data, please see Abatzoglou and Brown, 2012 (https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/joc.2312) and the Northwest Knowledge Network (https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/MACA/). We used the MACAv2- Metdata monthly dataset; average temperature values were calculated as the mean of monthly minimum and maximum air temperature values (degrees C), averaged over the season of interest (annual, winter, or summer). Absolute and percent change were then calculated between the historical and future time periods.

Historical (1975-2005) and future (2071-2090) precipitation and temperature data for the state of Alaska were developed by the Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (SNAP) (https://snap.uaf.edu). These datasets have several important differences from the MACAv2-Metdata (https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/MACA/) products, used in the contiguous U.S. They were developed using different global circulation models and different downscaling methods, and were downscaled to a different scale (771 m instead of 4 km). While these cover the same time periods and use broadly similar approaches, caution should be used when directly comparing values between Alaska and the contiguous United States.

Raster data are also available for download from RMRS site (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/categories/us-raster-layers.html), along with pdf maps and detailed metadata (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/downloads/NationalForestClimateChangeMapsMetadata.pdf).

US Hourly Precipitation Data

Historical Accumulated and Measured Rain Gauge Data from 1900-Present

By US Open Data Portal, data.gov [source]

About this dataset

This dataset contains hourly precipitation data from over 5,500 US National Weather Service (NWS), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and cooperative observer stations in the United States of America, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and various Pacific Islands. With an impressive array of earliest data that varies by state and region spanning up to a century ago, this dataset offers a vast wealth of information on how our environment changes over time.

What secrets lie in this dataset? Explore now to uncover how rainfalls affects each corner of our nation's geographical diversity - from Maine down to Texas and beyond! Drawing conclusions on the average weather trends or anomalies in localized areas just takes a little bit of creativity with this dataset. Let the possibilities guide your exploration!

More Datasets

For more datasets, click here.

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How to use the dataset

How to Use This Dataset

Overview

This dataset contains hourly precipitation data from various US National Weather Service, Federal Aviation Administration, and cooperative observer stations in the United States of America, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and various Pacific Islands. The data is sourced from digital data set DSI-3240 which is archived at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Earliest dates for measurements vary by state and region - ranging from Maine with an earliest date of 1900 to western Pacific regions that have data since 1978. The latest data captured in all states/regions are from present day relevant measurements. The major parameter in DSI-3240 is precipitation amounts which measure hourly or daily precipitation accumulation. Accumulation accounts for when rain gauges or observers are out of service for any reason.

Examples of Analysis

Using this dataset you can run analysis on a variety of subjects within U.S life:Long-term effects on geography due given changes in climate; Meteorologists’ predictions versus actual readings; Historical weather movement patterns etcetera..

## Key Columns included
The following columns are included in this Hourly Precipitation Data read-in: Station (the station ID), name (of station), elevation, latitude/longitude location coordinates , date precipitated as well as hourly accumulations measured (and two accompanying flags denoting quality measurement and accuracy.)

## Additional Considerations
Please consider reading through all categories before conducting searches OR taking into account time that original surveyors provide throughout each geographic region – early access does vary between continental US versus external island areas like Guam American Samoa etcetera…

## Conclusion And finally although this guide attempts provide basic frame work format successful analysis .It ultimately completes an interactive user experience where end results hold much higher value than first inputs . We hope you find these specific article insightful overall general technique steps assist further discovery !

Research Ideas

• Analysis of changes in annual precipitation levels over time to inform climate change research.
• Estimation of runoff to inform water management strategies in different geographical areas within the US.
• Utilization of data to develop mathematical models that predict future variations in weather patterns and climate across the US

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

Unknown License - Please check the dataset description for more information.

Columns

File: hourly-precipitation-csv-sample-1.csv | Column name | Description | |:---------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | STATION | Unique identifier for each station. (String) | | STATION_NAME | Name of the station. (String) ...

Dataset from National Environment Agency. For more information, visit https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_03bb2eb67ad645d0188342fa74ad7066/view

The Weather Generator Gridded Data consists of two products:

[1] statistically perturbed gridded 100-year historic daily weather data including precipitation [in mm], and detrended maximum and minimum temperature in degrees Celsius, and

[2] stochastically generated and statistically perturbed gridded 1000-year daily weather data including precipitation [in mm], maximum temperature [in degrees Celsius], and minimum temperature in degrees Celsius.

The base climate of this dataset is a combination of historically observed gridded data including Livneh Unsplit 1915-2018 (Pierce et. al. 2021), Livneh 1915-2015 (Livneh et. al. 2013) and PRISM 2016-2018 (PRISM Climate Group, 2014). Daily precipitation is from Livneh Unsplit 1915-2018, daily temperature is from Livneh 2013 spanning 1915-2015 and was extended to 2018 with daily 4km PRISM that was rescaled to the Livneh grid resolution (1/16 deg). The Livneh temperature was bias corrected by month to the corresponding monthly PRISM climate over the same period. Baseline temperature was then detrended by month over the entire time series based on the average monthly temperature from 1991-2020. Statistical perturbations and stochastic generation of the time series were performed by the Weather Generator (Najibi et al. 2024a and Najibi et al. 2024b).

The repository consists of 30 climate perturbation scenarios that range from -25 to +25 % change in mean precipitation, and from 0 to +5 degrees Celsius change in mean temperature. Changes in thermodynamics represent scaling of precipitation during extreme events by a scaling factor per degree Celsius increase in mean temperature and consists primarily of 7%/degree-Celsius with 14%/degree-Celsius as sensitivity perturbations. Further insight for thermodynamic scaling can be found in full report linked below or in Najibi et al. 2024a and Najibi et al. 2024b.

The data presented here was created by the Weather Generator which was developed by Dr. Scott Steinschneider and Dr. Nasser Najibi (Cornell University). If a separate weather generator product is desired apart from this gridded climate dataset, the weather generator code can be adopted to suit the specific needs of the user. The weather generator code and supporting information can be found here: https://github.com/nassernajibi/WGEN-v2.0/tree/main. The full report for the model and performance can be found here: https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Programs/All-Programs/Climate-Change-Program/Resources-for-Water-Managers/Files/WGENCalifornia_Final_Report_final_20230808.pdf

Australian Bureau of Meteorology assembled this dataset of 191 Australian rainfall stations for the purpose of climate change monitoring and assessment. These stations were selected because they are believed to be the highest quality and most reliable long-term rainfall stations in Australia. The longest period of record is August 1840 to December 1990, but the actual periods vary by individual station. Each data record in the dataset contains at least a monthly precipitation total, and most records also have daily data as well.

In 2024, the United States saw some **** inches of precipitation. The main forms of precipitation include hail, drizzle, rain, sleet, and snow. Since the turn of the century, 2012 was the driest year on record with an annual precipitation of **** inches. Regional disparities in rainfall Louisiana emerged as the wettest state in the U.S. in 2024, recording a staggering ***** inches (*** meters) of precipitation—nearly **** inches (ca. ** centimeters) above its historical average. In stark contrast, Nevada received only **** inches (ca. ** centimeters), underscoring the vast differences in rainfall across the nation. These extremes illustrate the uneven distribution of precipitation, with the southwestern states experiencing increasingly dry conditions that experts predict will worsen in the coming years. Drought concerns persist Drought remains a significant concern in many parts of the country. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the contiguous United States stood at ***** in December 2024, indicating moderate to severe drought conditions. This reading follows three years of generally negative PDSI values, with the most extreme drought recorded in December 2023 at *****.

Historical Weather Data
This dataset falls under the category Environmental Data Climate Data.
It contains the following data: historical weather data
This dataset was scouted on 2022-02-28 as part of a data sourcing project conducted by TUMI. License information might be outdated: Check original source for current licensing. The data can be accessed using the following URL / API Endpoint: https://www.worldweatheronline.com/hosur-weather-history/tamil-nadu/in.aspxSee URL for data access and license information.

This metadata record describes the 30-year annual average of precipitation in millimeters (mm) and temperature (Celsius) during the period 1990–2019 for North America. The source data were produced by and acquired from DAYMET daily climate data (2020) and presented here as a series of two 1-kilometer resolution GeoTIFF files. An open source python code file used to process the data is also included.

NOTE: This dataset has been superseded by the official GPCP version 1.3 daily precipitation produced under the NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) Program for satellites, which is available in RDA dataset ds728.7 [https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds728.7]. Users are advised to transition to this updated dataset. This dataset contains Version 1.3 of the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) daily precipitation estimates. The data are daily analyses defined on a global 1.0 degree by 1.0 degree longitude-latitude grid. This data set is a companion to the GPCP Version 2.3 Combined Precipitation Data Set (available in RDA dataset ds728.4 [https://doi.org/10.5065/D6SN07QX]), which contains monthly precipitation estimates at 2.5 degree by 2.5 degree longitude-latitude resolution. The daily, one-degree data provided here meets the needs of users who require precipitation estimates at finer space and time scales. Request to users from the data authors: The GPCP datasets are developed and maintained with international cooperation and are used by the worldwide scientific community. To better understand the evolving requirements across the GPCP user community and to increase the utility of the GPCP product suite, the dataset producers request that a citation be provided for each publication that uses the GPCP products. Please email the citation to george.j.huffman@nasa.gov or david.t.bolvin@nasa.gov. Your help and cooperation will provide valuable information for making future enhancements to the GPCP product suite.

The National Forest Climate Change Maps project was developed by the Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and the Office of Sustainability and Climate to meet the needs of national forest managers for information on projected climate changes at a scale relevant to decision making processes, including forest plans. The maps use state-of-the-art science and are available for every national forest in the contiguous United States with relevant data coverage. Currently, the map sets include variables related to precipitation, air temperature, snow (including snow residence time and April 1 snow water equivalent), and stream flow.Historical (1975-2005) and future (2071-2090) precipitation and temperature data for the state of Alaska were developed by the Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (SNAP) (https://snap.uaf.edu). Monthly precipitation values (mm) were summed over the season of interest (annual, winter, or summer). These datasets have several important differences from the MACAv2-Metdata (https://climate.northwestknowledge.net/MACA/) products, used in the contiguous U.S. They were developed using different global circulation models and different downscaling methods, and were downscaled to a different scale (771 m instead of 4 km). While these cover the same time periods and use broadly similar approaches, caution should be used when directly comparing values between Alaska and the contiguous United States.Raster data are also available for download from RMRS site (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/categories/us-raster-layers.html), along with pdf maps and detailed metadata (https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NFS-regional-climate-change-maps/downloads/NationalForestClimateChangeMapsMetadata.pdf).

This dataset provides global estimates of daily accumulated and monthly means of precipitation. The precipitation estimates are based on a merge of passive microwave observations from two different radiometer classes operating on multiple Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Spaceborne passive microwave (MW) provides the most effective measurements for the remote sensing of precipitation because the MW upwelling radiation is directly responsive to the cloud microphysical structure and, in particular, to the emission and scattering properties of precipitation-size hydrometeors (solid and liquid). However, they are available at low spatial and temporal resolution, due to the limited number of passes per day (depending on latitude and number of platforms) at each location. On the other hand, infrared (IR) sensors, available also on geostationary platforms, provide measurements that mostly respond to upper-level cloud structure, but at much higher temporal and spatial resolution. Since precipitation is not directly sensed in the infrared, these observations are often merged with microwave-based precipitation estimates and rain gauges. A precipitation product merging IR and MW is also available on the Climate Data Store: GPCP precipitation dataset. The two different radiometer classes used in the present Copernicus micrOwave-based gloBal pRecipitAtion (COBRA) dataset are: i) Conically scanning MW imagers; observations obtained by applying methodologies of the Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite (HOAPS) in the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF). ii) Cross-track scanning MW sounders; observations obtained through the dedicated Passive microwave Neural network Precipitation Retrieval for Climate Applications (PNPR-CLIM) algorithm. This datset is independent of IR imagery and rain-gauge observations. A pure passive MW-based precipitation dataset overcomes the challenges and limitations of precipitation estimates based on IR observations, and the issues related to the inadequacy of the rain gauge networks in some regions and their almost complete absence over the ocean. The main limitations, however, are linked to the varying (in time and space) revisiting time of the LEO satellites and low temporal sampling compared to geostanionary IR observations. This dataset is produced by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).

The Climate Resilience Information System (CRIS) provides data and tools for developers of climate services. This image service provides access to gridded historical observations for 16 threshold values of precipitation for the contiguous United States for 1950-2013. These services are intended to support analysis of climate exposure for custom geographies and time horizons. More details on the how the data were processed can be found in Understanding CRIS Data.Time RangesPixel values for each variable were calculated for each year from 1950 to 2013. Variable DefinitionsSee the variable list and definitions here. Additional ServicesTwo versions of the gridded hisorical observations are available from CRIS:nClimGrid: a 4-km resolution dataset generated by NOAA. This data was used to downscale the STAR-ESDM climate projections in CRIS.Livneh: a 6-km resolution dataset generated by Livneh et al. This data was used to downscale the LOCA2 climate projections in CRIS.Using the Imagery LayerThe ArcGIS Tiled Imagery Service has a multidimensional structure -- a data cube with variable and time dimensions. Methods for accessing the different dimensions will depend on the software/client being used. For more details, please see the CRIS Developer’s Hub along with this instructional StoryMap. To run analysis, first use the multidimensional tools Aggregate or Subset in ArcGIS Pro to copy the necessary data locally.Data ExportData export is enabled on the services if using an ArcGIS client. NetCDF or Zarr files are also available from the NOAA Open Data Distribution system on Amazon Web Services.

Typical annual rainfall data were summarized from monthly precipitation data and provided in millimeters (mm). The monthly climate data for global land areas were generated from a large network of weather stations by the WorldClim project. Precipitation and temperature data were collected from the weather stations and aggregated across a target temporal range of 1970-2000.

Weather station data (between 9,000 and 60,000 stations) were interpolated using thin-plate splines with covariates including elevation, distance to the coast, and MODIS-derived minimum and maximum land surface temperature. Spatial interpolation was first done in 23 regions of varying size depending on station density, instead of the common approach to use a single model for the entire world. The satellite imagery data were most useful in areas with low station density. The interpolation technique allowed WorldClim to produce high spatial resolution (approximately 1 km2) raster data sets.

The data consist of homogenized daily maximum, minimum and mean surface air temperatures for more than 330 locations in Canada; adjusted daily rainfall, snowfall and total precipitation for more than 460 locations. The data are given for the entire period of observation. Please refer to the papers below for detailed information regarding the procedures for homogenization and adjustment. References: Mekis, É. and L.A. Vincent, 2011: An overview of the second generation adjusted daily precipitation dataset for trend analysis in Canada. Atmosphere-Ocean, 49(2), 163-177. Vincent, L. A., X. L. Wang, E. J. Milewska, H. Wan, F. Yang, and V. Swail, 2012. A second generation of homogenized Canadian monthly surface air temperature for climate trend analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18110, doi:10.1029/2012JD017859. Wang, X.L, Y. Feng, L. A. Vincent, 2013. Observed changes in one-in-20 year extremes of Canadian surface air temperatures. Atmosphere-Ocean. Doi:10.1080/07055900.2013.818526.