Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) in United States was reported at 0.4 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. United States - Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In 2024, the number of diagnosed HIV cases in Mexico amounted to approximately 19,000. That year, the State of Mexico, Veracruz, and Mexico City were the federative entities with the highest number of people diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with more than 1,000 patients each. Moreover, most registered HIV cases in the Latin American country between 1984 and 2023 corresponded to men. People living with HIV in Latin America In the last few years, the number of people living with HIV in Latin America has been increasing. According to recent estimates, the number of individuals living with this condition rose from around 1.6 million in 2013 to almost 2.2 million by 2022. From a country perspective, Brazil and Mexico were the Latin American nations where most people were living with the disease, reaching approximately 990,000 and 370,000 patients, respectively. ART is more costly in Latin America HIV is commonly treated through antiretroviral therapy (ART), a drug-based treatment aimed at reducing the viral load in the blood to help control the development of the disease while improving the health of those infected. Although the share of deaths among people living with HIV due to causes unrelated to AIDS increased globally since 2010, there are still inequalities in the access to ART therapy. As of 2022, Latin America and the Caribbean recorded the highest average price per person for HIV antiretroviral therapy compared to other regions worldwide.

Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24) in Ghana was reported at 0.3 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Ghana - Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global HIV Diagnostics market size is USD 4158.2 million in 2024. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.90% from 2024 to 2031. North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1663.28 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.1% from 2024 to 2031. Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1247.46 million. Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 956.39 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.9% from 2024 to 2031. Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 207.91 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.3% from 2024 to 2031. Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 83.16 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.6% from 2024 to 2031. Consumables held the highest HIV Diagnostics market revenue share in 2024. Market Dynamics of HIV Diagnostics Market Key Drivers for HIV Diagnostics Market Increasing Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Disease to Increase the Demand Globally Throughout the many decades of the HIV pandemic, the number of infected individuals is continually rising. The socioeconomic variables driving this continuous increase also suggest that preventative measures have not been successful. Even though many of these infections are preventable, there are an estimated 20 million new cases of STDs in the US each year, and the rate is still rising. Moreover, there are over 1.2 million HIV-positive individuals residing in the United States. Attempts to encourage testing and screening for sexually transmitted infections can ascertain an individual's likelihood of acquiring one and help those who already have one receive treatment, so enhancing their health and lowering the danger of HIV spreading to others. Approximately 38.4 million people worldwide were HIV positive in 2021. Among these, women and girls made up nearly 54%. Rising Initiatives by Global Agencies to Propel Market Growth HIV is among the world's most important public health concerns. As a result, there is a global commitment to stopping new HIV infections and giving everyone on the planet access to HIV therapy. WHO recommends testing for HIV to anyone who might be at risk. The World Bank was a leader in global financing for HIV/AIDS in the early phases of the pandemic and has contributed US$4.6 billion to programs related to the illness since 1989. Because of assistance from the Bank—more precisely, through the International Development Association—for 1,500 counseling and testing centers, about 7 million people have had HIV tests. Restraint Factor for the HIV Diagnostics Market Lack of Healthcare Infrastructure and Awareness to Limit the Sales A proper infrastructure for healthcare delivery is lacking in many areas, especially in poor nations, which makes it difficult to provide diagnostic services. This covers concerns with the supply chain, inadequate laboratory facilities, and skilled staff. It might be particularly difficult to access diagnostic services in rural and isolated places due to a lack of healthcare facilities and inadequate transportation infrastructure. Furthermore, HIV diagnosis rates are lower in the developing Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and African regions. These areas require a sufficient number of diagnostic facilities. Additionally, the diagnosis process needs to be explained to the majority of patients, which restricts market growth in these areas. Impact of Covid-19 on the HIV Diagnostics Market The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the HIV diagnostics market, both in terms of challenges and opportunities. There was a decrease in HIV testing and diagnostic services during the pandemic as a result of the extensive healthcare resources being redirected to handle COVID-19. Some facilities were converted to provide COVID-19 treatment, and clinics and labs had a staffing crisis. Reduced HIV testing rates were the outcome of routine and community-based HIV testing programs being frequently halted to stop the spread of COVID-19. The adoption of telemedicine and remote healthcare services was expedited by the epidem...

Among all countries worldwide those in sub-Saharan Africa have the highest rates of HIV. The countries with the highest rates of HIV include Eswatini, Lesotho, and South Africa. In 2023, Eswatini had the highest prevalence of HIV with a rate of around ** percent. Other countries, such as Zimbabwe, have significantly decreased their HIV prevalence. Community-based HIV services are considered crucial to the prevention and treatment of HIV. HIV Worldwide The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection that is transmitted via exposure to infected semen, blood, vaginal and anal fluids and breast milk. HIV destroys the human immune system, rendering the host unable to fight off secondary infections. Globally, the number of people living with HIV has generally increased over the past two decades. However, the number of HIV-related deaths has decreased significantly in recent years. Despite being a serious illness that affects millions of people, medication exists that effectively manages the progression of the virus in the body. These medications are called antiretroviral drugs. HIV Treatment Generally, global access to antiretroviral treatment has increased in recent years. However, despite being available worldwide, not all adults have access to antiretroviral drugs. Europe and North America have the highest rates of antiretroviral use among people living with HIV. There are many different antiretroviral drugs available on the market. As of 2024, ********, an antiretroviral marketed by Gilead, was the leading HIV treatment based on revenue.

The United States HIV drugs market size was valued at USD 7.8 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group estimates the market to reach USD 12.3 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.2% from 2025-2033. The market is driven by advancements in antiretroviral therapy, increasing HIV prevalence, heightened awareness, early diagnosis initiatives, and government programs supporting treatment access. Innovations in long-acting formulations and combination therapies improve adherence, while ongoing research and the rising demand for preventive measures like PrEP further boost market growth.

Report Attribute	Key Statistics
Base Year	2024
Forecast Years	2025-2033
Historical Years	2019-2024
Market Size in 2024	USD 7.8 Billion
​​Market Forecast in 2033	USD 12.3 Billion
Market Growth Rate (2025-2033)	5.2%

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the United States HIV drugs market, along with forecasts at the country and regional levels from 2025-2033. The market has been categorized based on drug class, distribution channel, and region.

This statistic shows the estimated number of homeless people with HIV/AIDS in the United States in 2024, by sheltered status. In that year, there were an estimated ***** homeless people with HIV/AIDS living in transitional housing in the United States.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): a condition that damages the immune system, making it incapable to defeat diseases. In 2023, Lombardy and Lazio were the Italian regions with the highest number of newly diagnosed HIV infections, with 377 and 348 cases, respectively. HIV in Italy In Italy, the number of new HIV cases fluctuated over time and, since 2016, is constantly decreasing until 2020 to then increase again. HIV has always been more common among males than females, and the most affected age group was the one consisting of people who were 30 to 39 years old, both among men and women. As a matter of fact, in 2023, 501 males and 151 females in their 30s were newly diagnosed with HIV. HIV in Europe A similar trend of the one observed in Italy can be observed in Europe. Indeed, new HIV diagnosis in Europe have been increasing again since 2020, and in 2022 new cases of HIV among males totaled 16.1 thousand, while among females they reached almost 6.8 thousand, the highest figure since 2013.

The prophylactic HIV drugs market, valued at approximately $XX million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by increasing HIV prevalence, particularly in developing nations, coupled with expanding awareness regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The market's 4.10% CAGR from 2019-2033 indicates a consistent demand for these life-saving medications. Key growth drivers include government initiatives promoting wider access to PrEP and PEP, increased research and development efforts focusing on novel drug formulations (e.g., long-acting injectables), and a growing understanding of the importance of preventing HIV transmission. The market segmentation by drug (Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and other drugs) and dosage form (oral and topical) reflects diverse treatment approaches tailored to individual needs and preferences. While the market faces challenges such as drug resistance and the high cost of treatment, especially in low-income countries, ongoing advancements in drug development and increasing affordability are poised to mitigate these restraints in the coming years. The competition among established pharmaceutical giants like Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, and Johnson & Johnson, alongside the contributions of generic manufacturers, is expected to fuel further market expansion, promoting both innovation and accessibility. Major regional markets include North America (particularly the United States), Europe, and Asia Pacific, reflecting varying levels of HIV prevalence and healthcare infrastructure. The market's robust growth prospects are contingent upon continued investment in public health initiatives, improved access to healthcare in underserved communities, and the ongoing development of safer and more effective prophylactic therapies. This growth will likely be seen across all segments, with oral formulations remaining dominant due to established usage but long-acting injectables capturing a growing market share driven by improved patient compliance. The inclusion of a broader range of drug options in PrEP and PEP regimens will also positively impact market growth. Recent developments include: June 2024: Gilead Sciences Inc. funded two studies on long-acting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) through the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN). The studies focuses on a long-acting version of lenacapavir administered every six months., March 2024: ViiV Healthcare reported the positive findings from its phase I study of an investigational formulation of cabotegravir, known as cabotegravir ultra long-acting (CAB-ULA), which can be dosed at intervals of at least four months.. Key drivers for this market are: High Prevalence of HIV/AIDS, Increasing Government Initiatives; Increasing R&D Activities. Potential restraints include: High Prevalence of HIV/AIDS, Increasing Government Initiatives; Increasing R&D Activities. Notable trends are: The Oral Drug Forms Segment is Expected to Hold a Significant Share During the Forecast Period.

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HIV Drugs Market Size 2024-2028

The hiv drugs market size is forecast to increase by USD 9.99 billion at a CAGR of 5.02% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key factors. The increasing prevalence of HIV AIDS worldwide continues to drive market expansion. According to the World Health Organization, there were approximately 38 million people living with HIV in 2019. Moreover, expanding access to HIV treatment is another major growth factor. With advancements in HIV treatment, more individuals are able to access life-saving medications. However, drug resistance among individuals poses a significant challenge to the market. As HIV strains become resistant to current treatments, the development of new and effective drugs is crucial. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of these trends and challenges, offering insights into the future growth prospects of the market.

What will be the Size of the HIV Drugs Market During the Forecast Period?

Request Free SampleThe market encompasses a range of pharmaceutical products designed to manage and suppress the viral infection caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This market has experienced significant growth due to the increasing prevalence of HIV and the ongoing development of new, more effective medications. Notable classes of HIV drugs include those containing CD4 modulators, such as Atripla, Complera, Prezcobix, Stribild, Genvoya, Odefsey, Symtuza, Triumeq, Descovy, Dovato, Emtriva, Epivir, and Epzicom. New product launches continue to drive market expansion, with companies investing in research and development to improve treatment outcomes and patient compliance. The healthcare products industry plays a crucial role In the import and export of HIV medications, ensuring access to these essential treatments for patients worldwide.HIV testing procedures remain a critical aspect of disease management and prevention efforts, further fueling demand for HIV medications withIn the market.

How is this HIV Drugs Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The hiv drugs industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments. Distribution ChannelOfflineOnlineTherapyCombination HIV medicinesIntegrase inhibitorsNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorsOthersGeographyNorth AmericaCanadaUSEuropeGermanyUKAsiaChinaRest of World (ROW)

By Distribution Channel Insights

The offline segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Offline distribution channels, including pharmacies, drugstores, hospitals, and clinics, remain a significant segment In the market. Pharmacies and drugstores serve as crucial points of sale for HIV medications, particularly antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is essential for managing HIV/AIDS. The offline distribution segment caters to various patient populations, including those in regions with limited internet access or who prefer face-to-face interactions with healthcare professionals. Key HIV drugs, such as Atripla, Complera, Prezcobix, Stribild, Genvoya, Odefsey, Symtuza, Triumeq, Descovy, Dovato, Emtriva, Epivir, Epzicom, Truvada, Biktavir, Edurant, Aptivus, Kaletra, Lexiva, Norvir, Viracept, Selzentry, Fuzeon, Rukobia, Isentress, Tivicay, Apretude, and Juluca, are distributed offline through these channels.The offline distribution segment's growth is influenced by factors like the prevalence of HIV, testing procedures, and the availability of various HIV medications. Import and export regulations, as well as the increasing demand for healthcare products, further impact this market.

Get a glance at the HIV Drugs Industry report of share of various segments Request Free Sample

The Offline segment was valued at USD 25.82 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 49% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio’s analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

For more insights on the market share of various regions, Request Free Sample

The North American the market has experienced substantial growth due to advancements in medical research, enhanced healthcare infrastructure, and heightened awareness about HIV/AIDS. With a significant patient population and established healthcare systems In the United States, Canada, and Mexico, North America is a leading market for HIV drugs. Key trends include the development of combination HIV medicines, such as Atripla, Complera, Prezcobix, Stribild, Genvoya, Odefsey, Symtuza, Triumeq, Descovy, Dovato, Emtriva, Epivir, Epzicom, Truvada

Antiretroviral Agent Market Outlook

The global antiretroviral agent market size was valued at USD 30.5 billion in 2023, and it is anticipated to reach USD 50.3 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5.5% from 2024 to 2032. The key growth factors driving this market include the increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS globally, advancements in antiretroviral therapies, and the rising awareness and government initiatives towards HIV prevention and treatment.

One of the primary growth factors of the antiretroviral agent market is the increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS globally. According to UNAIDS, approximately 38 million people were living with HIV worldwide in 2020. The consistent rise in HIV cases necessitates effective treatment options, thereby boosting the demand for antiretroviral agents. In addition, the increasing global burden of HIV has driven substantial funding from both governmental and non-governmental organizations, enabling more extensive research and development in this sector, which further propels market growth.

Advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have significantly contributed to the growth of the antiretroviral agent market. Modern ART regimens have transformed HIV from a fatal condition to a manageable chronic disease, allowing individuals to lead longer and healthier lives. Innovations such as single-pill regimens, long-acting injectables, and fixed-dose combinations have improved patient compliance and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the pipeline for new antiretroviral drugs remains robust, with several promising candidates in various stages of clinical trials, indicating sustained market growth over the forecast period.

The increasing awareness and government initiatives towards HIV prevention and treatment are also pivotal in driving market growth. Various global programs, such as the United NationsÂ’ 90-90-90 targets, aim to diagnose 90% of all HIV-positive individuals, provide antiretroviral therapy to 90% of those diagnosed, and achieve viral suppression in 90% of those treated by 2030. Such initiatives have led to increased screening and diagnosis rates, thereby expanding the patient pool eligible for antiretroviral therapy. Additionally, public health campaigns and education programs have played a crucial role in reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment, thereby increasing the adoption of antiretroviral agents.

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate is a key component in many antiretroviral therapy regimens. As a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), it plays a crucial role in inhibiting the replication of HIV by targeting the reverse transcriptase enzyme. This drug is often used in combination with other antiretrovirals to enhance efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance. Its inclusion in fixed-dose combinations has improved patient adherence by simplifying treatment regimens. Furthermore, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate is also utilized in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies, offering preventive benefits to individuals at high risk of HIV exposure. The drug's favorable safety profile and effectiveness have made it a staple in HIV treatment protocols worldwide.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the antiretroviral agent market, primarily due to the high prevalence of HIV, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and robust government support. The United States, for instance, has implemented various programs under the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program to provide care and treatment to people living with HIV. Moreover, favorable reimbursement policies and the presence of key market players further drive regional growth. Europe also represents a substantial market share, supported by the rising HIV incidence and comprehensive healthcare systems. In contrast, the Asia Pacific region is poised for the highest growth rate, driven by increasing awareness, expanding healthcare access, and the rising prevalence of HIV in countries such as India and China.

Drug Class Analysis

The antiretroviral agent market is segmented into several drug classes, including Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs), Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs), Protease Inhibitors (PIs), Integrase Inhibitors, Entry Inhibitors, and others. NRTIs are among the most widely used antiretroviral agents, forming the backbone of many HIV treatment regimens. These drugs work by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme critical for the replication of HIV.

The global polyneuropathy treatment market is valued at US$ 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 4.9% to reach US$ 3.31 billion by 2034-end.

Report Attributes	Details
Polyneuropathy Treatment Market Size (2024E)	US$ 2.05 Billion
Forecasted Market Value (2034F)	US$ 3.31 Billion
Global Market Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	4.9% CAGR
United States Market Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	4.8% CAGR
Chile Market Value (2034F)	US$ 35.3 Million
Key Companies Profiled	Pfizer Inc. Abbott Laboratories Johnson & Johnson (Janssen Global Services LLC) Lupin Limited Eli Lilly & Co. Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Teva Pharmaceuticals Medtronic AbbVie Zydus Healthcare Ltd.

Country-wise Analysis

Attribute	United States
Market Value (2024E)	US$ 662.8 Million
Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	4.8% CAGR
Projected Value (2034F)	US$ 1.05 Billion

Attribute	Brazil
Market Value (2024E)	US$ 103.2 Million
Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	4.1% CAGR
Projected Value (2034F)	US$ 153.5 Million

Category-wise Analysis

Attribute	Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Segment Value (2024E)	US$ 883.4 Million
Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	6.1% CAGR
Projected Value (2034F)	US$ 1.6 Billion

Attribute	Chemotherapy-induced Polyneuropathy
Segment Value (2024E)	US$ 667.8 Million
Growth Rate (2024 to 2034)	4.2% CAGR
Projected Value (2034F)	US$ 1 Billion

In 2022, approximately 2.5 million people were living with HIV in India. However, there has been a constant decrease in the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) since 2003, and from 2008 onward, there have been less than three million PLHIV yearly.

HIV risk-groups

India’s HIV epidemic is the third-largest in the world. However, this is primarily concentrated among key populations who are at a higher risk of contracting the disease. One of the main drivers of this is unprotected sex among female sex workers and their clients, partners, and spouses. Injecting drugs are also becoming one of the common ways through which HIV can be transmitted due to the reuse of needles. In addition, the prevalence of HIV is higher among men than women. This can be attributed to the increase in the share of men who have sex with men, migrant workers, and drug use injections.

Sex-workers

While prostitution is considered legal in India, all activities associated with running brothels or sex trafficking are prohibited. As a result, there is severe police activity targeting sex workers, with routine raids in areas with brothels justified by related laws. A recent study in Andhra Pradesh suggested a positive correlation between police abuse and an increased risk of HIV along with inconsistency in the usage of condoms. It is not uncommon that stigma and discrimination against sex-workers limit their access to decent healthcare in India.

Abstract

The 2023-24 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (2023-24 LDHS) is designed to provide data for monitoring the population and health situation in Lesotho. The 2023-24 LDHS is the 4th Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Lesotho since 2004.

The primary objective of the 2023–24 LDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the LDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutrition, childhood and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, awareness and behaviour regarding HIV and AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), other health issues (including tuberculosis) and chronic diseases, adult mortality (including maternal mortality), mental health and well-being, and gender-based violence. In addition, the 2023–24 LDHS provides estimates of anaemia prevalence among children age 6–59 months and adults as well as estimates of hypertension and diabetes among adults.

The information collected through the 2023–24 LDHS is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in designing and evaluating programmes and strategies for improving the health of Lesotho’s population. The survey also provides indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Lesotho.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-59

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men aged 15-59, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the 2023–24 LDHS is based on the 2016 Population and Housing Census (2016 PHC), provided by the Lesotho Bureau of Statistics (BoS). The frame file is a complete list of all census enumeration areas (EAs) within Lesotho. An EA is a geographic area, usually a city block in an urban area or a village in a rural area, consisting of approximately 100 households. In rural areas, it may consist of one or more villages. Each EA serves as a counting unit for the population census and has a satellite map delineating its boundaries, with identification information and a measure of size, which is the number of residential households enumerated in the 2016 PHC. Lesotho is administratively divided into 10 districts; each district is subdivided into constituencies and each constituency into community councils.

The 2023–24 LDHS sample of households was stratified and selected independently in two stages. Each district was stratified into urban, peri-urban, and rural areas; this yielded 29 sampling strata because there are no peri-urban areas in Butha-Buthe. In the first sampling stage, 400 EAs were selected with probability proportional to EA size and with independent selection in each sampling stratum. A household listing operation was carried out in all of the selected sample EAs, and the resulting lists of households served as the sampling frame for the selection of households in the next stage.

In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 25 households per cluster (EA) were selected with an equal probability systematic selection from the newly created household listing. All women age 15–49 who were usual members of the selected households or who spent the night before the survey in the selected households were eligible for the Woman’s Questionnaire. In every other household, all men age 15–59 who were usual members of the selected households or who spent the night before the survey in the selected households were eligible for the Man’s Questionnaire. All households in the men’s subsample were eligible for the Biomarker Questionnaire.

Fifteen listing teams, each consisting of three listers/mappers and a supervisor, were deployed in the field to complete the listing operation. Training of the household listers/mappers took place from 28 to 30 June 2024. The household listing operation was carried out in all of the selected EAs from 5 to 26 July 2024. For each household, Global Positioning System (GPS) data were collected at the time of listing and during interviews.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were used for the 2023–24 LDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Lesotho and were translated into Sesotho. In addition, a self-administered Fieldworker Questionnaire collected information about the survey’s fieldworkers.

Cleaning operations

The survey data were collected using tablet computers running the Android operating system and Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) software, jointly developed by the United States Census Bureau, ICF, and Serpro S.A. English and Sesotho questionnaires were used for collecting data via CAPI. The CAPI programmes accepted only valid responses, automatically performed checks on ranges of values, skipped to the appropriate question based on the responses given, and checked the consistency of the data collected. Answers to the survey questions were entered into the tablets by each interviewer. Supervisors downloaded interview data to their tablet, checked the data for completeness, and monitored fieldwork progress.

Each day, after completion of interviews, field supervisors submitted data to the central server. Data were sent to the central office via secure internet data transfer. The data processing managers monitored the quality of the data received and downloaded completed data files for completed clusters into the system. ICF provided the CSPro software for data processing and technical assistance in the preparation of the data capture, data management, and data editing programmes. Secondary editing was conducted simultaneously with data collection. All technical support for data processing and use of the tablets was provided by ICF.

Lamivudine Market Outlook

The global Lamivudine market size was valued at approximately USD 2.1 billion in 2023, and it is projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.5% from 2024 to 2032. By 2032, the market is expected to reach around USD 3.1 billion. The growth of the Lamivudine market is driven by the increasing prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B, coupled with rising awareness and accessibility to antiviral treatments.

One of the primary growth factors in the Lamivudine market is the increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS globally. According to the World Health Organization, there were approximately 37.7 million people living with HIV in 2020. This alarming figure underscores the continuous demand for effective antiretroviral therapies such as Lamivudine. Additionally, the rise in government initiatives and funding toward HIV prevention and treatment programs is further propelling market growth. For example, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) continues to allocate substantial resources to combat HIV/AIDS in over 50 countries.

Another significant growth driver is the widespread occurrence of Hepatitis B, especially in regions like Asia Pacific and Africa. Hepatitis B is a major global health problem and the most serious type of viral hepatitis due to its potential to cause chronic liver disease and liver cancer. The World Health Organization estimates that in 2019, 296 million people were living with chronic Hepatitis B infection. The need for effective antiviral drugs like Lamivudine, which can manage and reduce the viral load, is critical in these regions. This, combined with increasing public health campaigns and improved diagnostic techniques, is expected to drive demand.

Furthermore, advancements in pharmaceutical research and development are contributing to the enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects of Lamivudine, which in turn boosts its adoption. The pharmaceutical industry is also witnessing increasing collaborations and partnerships aimed at improving drug formulations and delivery mechanisms. Such advancements are not only improving patient compliance but also expanding the therapeutic applications of Lamivudine beyond traditional uses, potentially opening new market avenues.

In the realm of antiviral treatments, Azvudine Tablets have emerged as a noteworthy contender. Originally developed for Hepatitis C, Azvudine has shown promising results in the treatment of other viral infections, including HIV. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the replication of viral RNA, which is crucial in controlling the spread of the virus within the host. This makes Azvudine Tablets a potential complementary therapy alongside established treatments like Lamivudine. The pharmaceutical industry is keenly observing the developments surrounding Azvudine, as ongoing clinical trials continue to explore its efficacy and safety profile. As the demand for effective antiviral therapies grows, Azvudine Tablets could play a significant role in expanding the arsenal of available treatments.

From a regional perspective, North America, particularly the United States, dominates the Lamivudine market due to high healthcare expenditure, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and significant disease prevalence. Europe also represents a substantial market share, driven by a similar set of factors. However, the fastest-growing region is expected to be the Asia Pacific, fueled by the high burden of Hepatitis B and increasing healthcare investments. Middle East & Africa and Latin America, while smaller markets, are also poised for growth due to rising awareness and improving healthcare access.

Product Type Analysis

Lamivudine is available in various product types, primarily tablets and oral solutions. The tablet segment holds the majority share due to its convenience, ease of administration, and widespread acceptability among patients and healthcare providers. Tablets are preferred for their precise dosage, stability, and longer shelf life, making them a more practical option for both patients and pharmacists. The demand for Lamivudine tablets is particularly high in regions with robust healthcare systems and standardized treatment protocols, such as North America and Europe.

The oral solution segment, while smaller in comparison, is crucial for specific patient demographics, including children and individuals with swallowing difficulties. Oral solutions offer flexible dos

As of 2023, South Africa was the country with the highest number of people living with HIV in Africa. At that time, around 7.7 million people in South Africa were HIV positive. In Mozambique, the country with the second-highest number of HIV-positive people in Africa, around 2.4 million people were living with HIV. Which country in Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV? Although South Africa has the highest total number of people living with HIV in Africa, it does not have the highest prevalence of HIV on the continent. Eswatini currently has the highest prevalence of HIV in Africa and worldwide, with almost 26 percent of the population living with HIV. South Africa has the third-highest prevalence, with around 18 percent of the population HIV positive. Eswatini also has the highest rate of new HIV infections per 1,000 population worldwide, followed by Lesotho and South Africa. However, South Africa had the highest total number of new HIV infections in 2023, with around 150,000 people newly infected with HIV that year. Deaths from HIV in Africa Thanks to advances in treatment and awareness, HIV/AIDS no longer contributes to a significant amount of death in many countries. However, the disease is still the fourth leading cause of death in Africa, accounting for around 5.6 percent of all deaths. In 2023, South Africa and Nigeria were the countries with the highest number of AIDS-related deaths worldwide with 50,000 and 45,000 such deaths, respectively. Although not every country in the leading 25 for AIDS-related deaths is found in Africa, African countries account for the majority of countries on the list. Fortunately, HIV treatment has become more accessible in Africa over the years and now up to 95 percent of people living with HIV in Eswatini are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Access to ART does vary from country to country, however, with around 77 percent of people who are HIV positive in South Africa receiving ART, and only 31 percent in the Congo.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global low vision and blind aids products market size is USD XX million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.80% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.0% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD XX million.
Asia Pacific held a market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.8% from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America market of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa held the major market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.5% from 2024 to 2031.
The blind school category held the highest low vision and blind aids products market revenue share in 2024.

Market Dynamics of Low Vision and Blind Aids Products Market

Key Drivers of Low Vision and Blind Aids Products Market

Rising Incidence of Visual Impairments to Increase the Demand Globally

One major factor propelling the low vision and blind aids products market is the rising incidence of visual impairments. Increased prevalence of age-related eye disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, which can all cause different degrees of visual impairment, is being shown in the aging population. There will be a greater need for assistive devices as a result of the anticipated increase in the prevalence of these conditions as many regions' populations age. Furthermore, among younger generations, there has been a rise in visual impairments due to environmental factors and changes in lifestyle. There is a rising number of people seeking treatment for visual impairments as a result of factors including extended screen time, blue light exposure, and poor dietary habits that have been connected to disorders like myopia and digital eye strain.

Rising Government Programs to Promote these Devices to Propel Market Growth

The market for low vision and blind aids products is driven ahead by government programs that promote accessibility. These projects cover a wide range of rules, guidelines, and plans designed to guarantee equitable access to technology, communication, and information for people with vision impairments. The enforcement of accessibility laws and guidelines, such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) worldwide or the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the United States, is a crucial component of these projects. These regulations require public and commercial organizations to ensure that their goods, services, and digital information are accessible to people with impairments, such as those who are blind or have low vision. Moreover, governments frequently fund and encourage research and development in assistive technology, which spurs innovation in the market for poor vision and blind devices. Support for businesses and organizations engaged in creating accessible solutions could take the kind of grants, subsidies, or tax breaks.

Restraint Factors of Low Vision and Blind Aids Products Market

Limited Awareness and Education Regarding these Aids to Limit the Sales

The market expansion for low vision and blind aids products can be severely hindered by consumers and healthcare professionals' lack of knowledge and education about the various aids and technologies available. Many visually impaired people and those who care for them might not be completely aware of the variety of assistive technology and gadgets that are accessible to them. This ignorance may cause people to pass up chances to increase their freedom and quality of life. Moreover, medical personnel who work with patients, such as rehabilitation specialists, optometrists, and ophthalmologists, might not have the necessary training or understanding to keep up with the latest developments in assistive technology. Their inability to properly advise patients on assistive equipment or properly advise them about the options available to them may stem from this.

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