In the United States, interest rates for all mortgage types started to increase in 2021. This was due to the Federal Reserve introducing a series of hikes in the federal funds rate to contain the rising inflation. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the 30-year fixed rate rose slightly, to 6.63 percent. Despite the increase, the rate remained below the peak of 7.33 percent in the same quarter a year ago. Why have U.S. home sales decreased? Cheaper mortgages normally encourage consumers to buy homes, while higher borrowing costs have the opposite effect. As interest rates increased in 2022, the number of existing homes sold plummeted. Soaring house prices over the past 10 years have further affected housing affordability. Between 2013 and 2023, the median price of an existing single-family home risen by about 88 percent. On the other hand, the median weekly earnings have risen much slower. Comparing mortgage terms and rates Between 2008 and 2023, the average rate on a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage in the United States stood between 2.28 and 6.11 percent. Over the same period, a 30-year mortgage term averaged a fixed-rate of between 3.08 and 6.81 percent. Rates on 15-year loan terms are lower to encourage a quicker repayment, which helps to improve a homeowner’s equity.

Fixed 30-year mortgage rates in the United States averaged 6.92 percent in the week ending May 30 of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States MBA 30-Yr Mortgage Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Mortgage interest rates worldwide varied greatly in 2024, from less than four percent in many European countries, to as high as 44 percent in Turkey. The average mortgage rate in a country depends on the central bank's base lending rate and macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and forecast economic growth. Since 2022, inflationary pressures have led to rapid increase in mortgage interest rates. Which are the leading mortgage markets? An easy way to estimate the importance of the mortgage sector in each country is by comparing household debt depth, or the ratio of the debt held by households compared to the county's GDP. In 2023, Switzerland, Australia, and Canada had some of the highest household debt to GDP ratios worldwide. While this indicator shows the size of the sector relative to the country’s economy, the value of mortgages outstanding allows to compare the market size in different countries. In Europe, for instance, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France were the largest mortgage markets by outstanding mortgage lending. Mortgage lending trends in the U.S. In the United States, new mortgage lending soared in 2021. This was largely due to the growth of new refinance loans that allow homeowners to renegotiate their mortgage terms and replace their existing loan with a more favorable one. Following the rise in interest rates, the mortgage market cooled, and refinance loans declined.

30 Year Mortgage Rate in the United States decreased to 6.85 percent in June 5 from 6.89 percent in the previous week. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United States 30 Year Mortgage Rate.

Mortgage Loan Service Market Outlook

The global mortgage loan service market size was valued at approximately $10.5 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $18.2 trillion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.1% during the forecast period. The growth of this market is driven by the increasing urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and favorable government policies aimed at promoting homeownership across various regions. Additionally, the proliferation of digital banking and fintech solutions has made mortgage services more accessible, further contributing to the market's expansion.

One of the primary growth factors for the mortgage loan service market is the significant rise in housing demand globally. As urban populations swell and economic conditions improve, more individuals and families are seeking to purchase homes, driving the need for mortgage loans. This trend is particularly evident in emerging markets, where urbanization is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Governments are also playing a crucial role by implementing policies and grants to make housing more affordable, thereby boosting mortgage adoption.

Technological advancements are another significant factor propelling the mortgage loan service market. The integration of AI, big data analytics, and blockchain technology has revolutionized the way mortgage services are delivered. These technologies streamline application processes, enhance risk assessment, and improve customer service, making it easier and faster for consumers to secure loans. Fintech companies, in particular, are leveraging these technologies to offer more competitive rates and personalized loan products, thereby attracting a broader customer base.

Furthermore, the increasing participation of non-banking financial institutions (NBFIs) and credit unions has diversified the mortgage loan service market. These entities often provide more flexible and innovative loan products compared to traditional banks, meeting the needs of a more varied clientele. NBFIs and credit unions also tend to have more lenient approval processes, making them an attractive option for individuals with non-traditional income sources or lower credit scores. This diversification is contributing significantly to the market's growth.

Mortgage Loans Software is playing an increasingly pivotal role in the evolution of the mortgage loan service market. As the industry embraces digital transformation, software solutions are being developed to streamline the entire mortgage process, from application to approval. These software platforms facilitate better data management, enhance customer experience, and improve operational efficiency for service providers. By automating routine tasks and providing real-time analytics, Mortgage Loans Software helps lenders make more informed decisions, reduce processing times, and minimize errors. This technological advancement is not only beneficial for lenders but also empowers borrowers by offering them greater transparency and control over their mortgage journey.

Regionally, North America continues to dominate the mortgage loan service market due to its well-established financial infrastructure and high homeownership rates. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to register the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, rising incomes, and government initiatives aimed at affordable housing. Countries like China and India are particularly noteworthy due to their large and growing middle-class populations.

Type Analysis

The mortgage loan service market is segmented by type into fixed-rate mortgages, adjustable-rate mortgages, interest-only mortgages, reverse mortgages, and others. Fixed-rate mortgages are the most popular type, offering borrowers the stability of a constant interest rate over the life of the loan. This makes them particularly attractive in times of low-interest rates, as borrowers can lock in favorable terms for the long term. The predictability of monthly payments also makes fixed-rate mortgages a preferred choice for many homeowners.

Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) offer lower initial interest rates compared to fixed-rate mortgages, making them an attractive option for borrowers who anticipate an increase in their income or plan to sell their property before the rate adjusts. However, the fluctuating interest rates can pose a risk, especially in volatile economic conditions. Despite this, the flexibility

Graph and download economic data for 15-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Average in the United States (MORTGAGE15US) from 1991-08-30 to 2025-06-05 about 15-year, fixed, mortgage, interest rate, interest, rate, and USA.

After a period of gradual decline, the average annual rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage in the United States rose to 6.81 percent in 2023, up from the record-low 2.96 percent in 2021. In 2024, interest rates declined slightly. The rate for 15-year fixed mortgages and five-year ARM mortgages followed a similar trend. This was a result of the Federal Reserve increasing the bank rate - a measure introduced to tackle the rising inflation. U.S. home prices going through the roof Mortgage rates have a strong impact on the market – the lower the rate, the lower the loan repayment. The rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage decreasing after the Great Recession has stimulated the market and boosted home sales. Another problem consumers face is the fact that house prices are rising at an unaffordable level. The median sales price of a new home sold surged in 2021, while the median weekly earnings of a full-time employee maintained a more moderate increase. What are the differences between 15-year and 30-year mortgages? Two of the most popular loan terms available to homebuyers are the 15-year fixed-rate mortgage and the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. The 30-year option appeals to more consumers because the repayment is spread out over 30 years, meaning the monthly payments are lower. Consumers choosing the 15-year option will have to pay higher monthly payments but benefit from lower interest rates.

Mortgage Fixed Rate: Wk Ending: 15 Year data was reported at 4.020 % pa in 26 Jul 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.000 % pa for 19 Jul 2018. Mortgage Fixed Rate: Wk Ending: 15 Year data is updated weekly, averaging 3.940 % pa from Jan 2004 (Median) to 26 Jul 2018, with 760 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.440 % pa in 06 Jul 2006 and a record low of 2.560 % pa in 02 May 2013. Mortgage Fixed Rate: Wk Ending: 15 Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Freddie Mac. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.M012: Mortgage Interest Rate.

After a period of record-low mortgage interest rates, the cost of mortgage borrowing in Germany surged in 2022. In 2019, mortgage rates declined notably, falling as low as **** percent in December 2020. This downward trend reversed in 2021, as mortgage rates started to gradually pick up. Five-to-ten-year mortgage loans had the lowest rates in March 2025 at **** percent, while floating rate mortgages up to one year were the most expensive at **** percent. Mortgages with over **-year fixed period – the most popular loan type among homebuyers — had an interest rate of **** percent. Why did mortgage rates in Germany increase? In 2022, the annual inflation rate in Germany experienced a swift rise, prompting the central bank to raise interest rates to counter this surge. The European Central Bank (ECB) is responsible for determining Germany's central bank interest rate. In July 2022, following a prolonged period of stability, the average interest rates in Germany began a steady rise, which persisted consistently thereafter.  This increase is intended to stabilize prices, but it also means higher borrowing costs for those seeking mortgages. Downturn in Germany's home loan borrowing From 2022 onward, the gross residential mortgage lending in Germany fell dramatically. Besides the higher interest rates, the downturn can be explained by the slowed pace of economic growth, which makes individuals and businesses more cautious about big investments such as buying a home. Additionally, the German housing market suffers a chronic undersupply, meaning that homebuyers often struggle to find an affordable home to purchase.

United States Mortgage Fixed Rate: Mth Avg: 15 Year data was reported at 4.250 % pa in Oct 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.080 % pa for Sep 2018. United States Mortgage Fixed Rate: Mth Avg: 15 Year data is updated monthly, averaging 5.680 % pa from Sep 1991 (Median) to Oct 2018, with 326 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.800 % pa in Jan 1995 and a record low of 2.660 % pa in Apr 2013. United States Mortgage Fixed Rate: Mth Avg: 15 Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Freddie Mac. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.M012: Mortgage Interest Rate.

Interactive historical chart showing the 30 year fixed rate mortgage average in the United States since 1971.

Mortgage interest rates in Europe soared in 2022 and remained elevated in the following two years. In many countries, this resulted in interest rates more than doubling. In the UK, the average mortgage interest rate rose from **** percent in 2020 to **** percent in 2023, before falling to **** in 2024. Why did mortgage interest rates increase? Mortgage rates have risen as a result of the European Central Bank (ECB) interest rate increase. The ECB increased its interest rates to tackle inflation. As inflation calms, the ECB is expected to cut rates, which allows mortgage lenders to reduce mortgage interest rates. What is the impact of interest rates on home buying? Lower interest rates make taking out a housing loan more affordable, and thus, encourage homebuying. That can be seen in many countries across Europe: In France, the number of residential properties sold rose in the years leading up to 2021, and fell as interest rates increased. The number of houses sold in the UK followed a similar trend.

The global mortgage loan service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by factors such as increasing urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and favorable government policies promoting homeownership. The market, valued at approximately $2 trillion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by a burgeoning demand for both residential and commercial mortgages, particularly in emerging economies with rapidly expanding middle classes. The residential segment currently dominates the market share, accounting for approximately 70%, with individual borrowers representing the largest application segment. However, the commercial estate and enterprise segments are witnessing significant growth, driven by increased corporate investments and infrastructural development. Key players like Rocket Mortgage, United Shore Financial Services, and Quicken Loans are leveraging technological advancements such as online platforms and AI-powered loan processing to enhance efficiency and customer experience, shaping the competitive landscape. The growth trajectory is expected to be influenced by fluctuating interest rates, macroeconomic conditions, and evolving regulatory frameworks. Nevertheless, the long-term outlook remains positive, underpinned by the fundamental drivers mentioned above. Technological advancements, particularly in fintech, are reshaping the mortgage loan service landscape. The rise of digital platforms, streamlined application processes, and enhanced data analytics are significantly improving accessibility and speed of loan approvals. This efficiency boost is leading to increased competition, encouraging lenders to offer more competitive interest rates and flexible repayment options to attract borrowers. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of alternative credit scoring models is broadening access to mortgage loans for previously underserved populations. Regional variations in market growth are expected, with North America and Asia-Pacific representing the largest markets. However, emerging economies in regions like South America and Africa hold significant potential for future growth, given the increasing demand for housing and infrastructural development within these markets. Geographic expansion and strategic partnerships remain key strategies for players aiming for market dominance within this evolving sector.

The North America mortgage/loan brokers market is poised for steady growth, with a market size of XX million and a CAGR of 5.00% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. The market is driven by rising homeownership rates, increasing mortgage interest rates, and growing demand for refinancing. Additionally, the emergence of fintech companies offering innovative mortgage products and services is further propelling market growth. Key market trends include the increasing use of technology to improve the mortgage process, the growing popularity of jumbo loans, and the rising demand for reverse mortgages. However, the market is also subject to certain restraints, such as regulatory changes and economic downturns. Major players in the market include Penny Mac, Home Point, Caliber Home Loans, and Fairway Independent Corporation. The United States is the largest market for mortgage/loan brokers in North America, followed by Canada. Recent developments include: In November 2022, To expand the use of eNotes across 250 locations in 49 states, Primary Residential Mortgage Inc. (PRMI) employed the eVault and digital closing platform from Snapdocs., In August 2022, Due to the slowdown in home sales caused by rising interest rates, the two biggest mortgage lenders in the US are increasing pressure on their smaller rivals by providing discounts and other incentives. The two biggest mortgage originators in the US, Rocket Mortgage and United Wholesale Mortgage, respectively, are pursuing aggressive strategies at a time when many lenders are leaving the market or going out of business.. Notable trends are: Increase in Digitization in Lending and Blockchain Technology is driving the market.

Residential Mortgage Loan Market Outlook

The global residential mortgage loan market size was valued at approximately USD 15 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 25 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1% over the forecast period. The primary growth drivers for this market include increasing urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and favorable government policies aimed at promoting home ownership.

One of the most significant factors contributing to the growth of the residential mortgage loan market is urbanization. As more people move to urban areas in search of better opportunities and living conditions, the demand for residential properties has surged. This urban migration has led to a corresponding increase in the demand for mortgage loans, as individuals seek financial assistance to purchase homes. Additionally, the trend of nuclear families is gaining traction, further boosting the demand for residential properties and, consequently, mortgage loans.

Rising disposable incomes and improved economic conditions have also played a crucial role in the expansion of the residential mortgage loan market. As people earn more, they are more likely to invest in real estate, viewing homeownership as a long-term investment and a means of financial security. Furthermore, low-interest rates on mortgage loans, driven by monetary policies of various countries, have made borrowing more affordable, encouraging more people to take out mortgage loans.

Government policies and initiatives aimed at promoting homeownership have significantly fueled the growth of the residential mortgage loan market. Many countries offer tax incentives, subsidies, and lower interest rates for first-time homebuyers and low-income groups. Such policies are designed to make homeownership more accessible and affordable, driving the demand for mortgage loans. Additionally, governments are increasingly collaborating with financial institutions to provide affordable housing solutions, further stimulating market growth.

On a regional level, North America and Europe have traditionally dominated the residential mortgage loan market due to their mature real estate markets and high homeownership rates. However, emerging economies in the Asia Pacific and Latin America regions are witnessing rapid growth in this sector. Factors such as increasing population, urbanization, and rising middle-class incomes are driving the demand for residential mortgage loans in these regions. Moreover, favorable government policies and a growing number of financial institutions offering mortgage products are further contributing to market expansion.

Type Analysis

The residential mortgage loan market is segmented by type into fixed-rate mortgages, adjustable-rate mortgages, interest-only mortgages, and others. Fixed-rate mortgages are the most popular type, owing to their stability and predictability. Borrowers prefer fixed-rate mortgages because they offer a consistent monthly payment plan, making it easier for them to budget and plan their finances. This stability is particularly appealing during times of economic uncertainty or fluctuating interest rates.

Adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), on the other hand, offer lower initial interest rates compared to fixed-rate mortgages. However, the rate can fluctuate based on market conditions, which can either be an advantage or a risk for borrowers. ARMs are often chosen by those who plan to sell or refinance their homes before the adjustable period begins. This type of mortgage is popular among borrowers who are willing to take a risk for the potential benefit of lower initial costs.

Interest-only mortgages allow borrowers to pay only the interest on the loan for a specified period, usually between five to ten years. After this period, the borrower must start paying both the principal and the interest, resulting in higher monthly payments. Interest-only mortgages are typically utilized by investors or those expecting a significant increase in income in the future. This type allows for lower initial payments, providing greater cash flow flexibility in the short term.

The 'Others' category includes various specialized mortgage products tailored to meet specific borrower needs. These can include reverse mortgages, which allow seniors to convert part of their home equity into cash, and jumbo loans, which cater to borrowers looking to finance luxury homes that exceed conforming loan limits. The diversity in mortgage types ensures that there are suitab

The US home loan market, a cornerstone of the American economy, is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 18% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Low interest rates, particularly in the early part of the forecast period, have historically stimulated borrowing, making homeownership more accessible. A growing population, coupled with increasing urbanization and a persistent demand for housing in key metropolitan areas, further fuels this market's expansion. Government initiatives aimed at supporting homeownership, such as tax incentives and affordable housing programs, also play a significant role. The market is segmented by loan type (purchase, refinance, improvement), source (banks, HFCs), interest rate (fixed, floating), and loan tenure. While refinancing activity might fluctuate based on prevailing interest rates, the underlying demand for home purchases remains strong, particularly in regions with robust job markets and population growth. Competition among lenders, including major players like Rocket Mortgage, LoanDepot, and Wells Fargo, alongside regional and smaller banks, is fierce, resulting in innovative loan products and competitive pricing. However, the market is not without its challenges. Rising inflation and potential interest rate hikes pose a significant risk, potentially dampening demand and increasing borrowing costs. Stringent lending regulations and increased scrutiny of creditworthiness could restrict access to loans for some borrowers. Furthermore, fluctuations in the housing market itself, including supply chain disruptions impacting construction and material costs, can influence the overall growth trajectory. Despite these headwinds, the long-term outlook for the US home loan market remains positive, driven by the fundamental need for housing and ongoing economic expansion in select regions. The diverse segmentation of the market allows for a nuanced understanding of the specific growth drivers and challenges within each segment. For instance, the home improvement loan segment is expected to see strong growth driven by homeowners' increasing desire to upgrade their existing properties. Recent developments include: June 2023: Bank of America Corp has been adding consumer branches in four new U.S. states, it said on Tuesday, bringing its national footprint closer to rival JPMorgan Chase & Co. Bank of America will likely open new financial centers in Nebraska, Wisconsin, Alabama, and Louisiana as part of a four-year expansion across nine markets, including Louisville, Milwaukee, and New Orleans., July 2022: Rocket Mortgage entered the Canadian Market with the acquisition. The company expanded from offering home loans in Ontario at launch to now providing mortgages in every province, primarily from its headquarters in downtown Windsor. The Edison Financial team grew along with the company, starting with just four team members in early 2020 to more than 140 at present.. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in digitization in mortgage lending market, Increase in innovations in software designs to speed up the mortgage-application process. Potential restraints include: Increase in digitization in mortgage lending market, Increase in innovations in software designs to speed up the mortgage-application process. Notable trends are: Growth in Nonbank Lenders is Expected to Drive the Market.

The average mortgage interest rate decreased in nearly every country in Europe between 2012 and 2021, followed by an increase in response to inflation. In Hungary, Poland, Czechia, and Romania, mortgage rates peaked in late 2022 and the beginning of 2023, followed by a gradual decline until the first quarter of 2024. The rest of the countries under observation, including the biggest mortgage markets - the UK and Germany, saw a continued increase in interest rates until the fourth quarter of 2023. In the first quarter of 2024, mortgage interest rates declined quarter-on-quarter across almost all markets in focus, marking a long awaited easing of monetary policy.

The global home loan market, currently experiencing robust growth, is projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 7% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Increasing urbanization and population growth contribute significantly to heightened housing demand, driving the need for home loans. Favorable government policies, including subsidized interest rates and streamlined mortgage application processes in various regions, further stimulate market growth. Moreover, the rising disposable incomes and improved access to credit in developing economies are empowering a larger segment of the population to afford homeownership. Technological advancements, such as online loan applications and digital mortgage processing, enhance efficiency and accessibility, broadening the market reach. Competition among established financial institutions like Bank of America, Citigroup, and Goldman Sachs, alongside specialized mortgage lenders, fuels innovation and competitive pricing, benefiting borrowers. However, certain factors could potentially restrain market growth. Economic downturns or fluctuations in interest rates can dampen borrowing activity. Stringent lending criteria and credit checks can limit access to loans for some potential homebuyers. Furthermore, rising inflation and the consequent increase in construction costs can influence the overall affordability of housing and the demand for mortgages. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook remains positive, driven by the fundamental need for housing and the ongoing expansion of the middle class globally. The market is segmented by loan type (fixed-rate, adjustable-rate, etc.), loan amount, and borrower demographics. While precise regional data is unavailable, a reasonable estimation suggests significant market penetration in North America and Europe, with emerging markets in Asia and Latin America demonstrating considerable growth potential. This makes the home loan market an attractive investment opportunity with consistent returns, despite facing intermittent headwinds. Recent developments include: September 2022: Citigroup Inc said it has slightly trimmed its mortgage workforce, due to an internal streamlining of functions.Less than 100 positions were affected.September 2022: Bank of America is launching a new mortgage product that would allow first-time homebuyers to purchase a home with no down payment, no mortgage insurance and zero closing costs.It will not require a minimum credit score and will instead consider other factors for eligibility.. Key drivers for this market are: Real Estate Market Trends, Government Policies. Potential restraints include: Real Estate Market Trends, Government Policies. Notable trends are: Turkey has the Highest Mortgage Interest Rate.

Exploiting variation in the timing of resets of adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), we find that a sizable decline in mortgage payments (up to 50 percent) induces a significant increase in car purchases (up to 35 percent). This effect is attenuated by voluntary deleveraging. Borrowers with lower incomes and housing wealth have significantly higher marginal propensity to consume. Areas with a larger share of ARMs were more responsive to lower interest rates and saw a relative decline in defaults and an increase in house prices, car purchases, and employment. Household balance sheets and mortgage contract rigidity are important for monetary policy pass-through.

Mortgage rates increased at a record pace in 2022, with the **-year fixed mortgage rate doubling between March 2022 and December 2022. With inflation increasing, the Bank of England introduced several bank rate hikes, resulting in higher mortgage rates. In April 2025, the average **-year fixed rate interest rate reached **** percent. As borrowing costs get higher, demand for housing is expected to decrease, leading to declining market sentiment and slower house price growth. How have the mortgage hikes affected the market? After surging in 2021, the number of residential properties sold declined in 2022, reaching close to *** million. Despite the number of transactions falling, this figure was higher than the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. The falling transaction volume also impacted mortgage borrowing. Between the first quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the value of new mortgage loans fell year-on-year for five straight quarters in a row. How are higher mortgages affecting homebuyers? Homeowners with a mortgage loan usually lock in a fixed rate deal for two to ten years, meaning that after this period runs out, they need to renegotiate the terms of the loan. Many of the mortgages outstanding were taken out during the period of record-low mortgage rates and have since faced notable increases in their monthly repayment. About **** million homeowners are projected to see their deal expire by the end of 2026. About *** million of these loans are projected to experience a monthly payment increase of up to *** British pounds by 2026.