Home Ownership Rate in New Zealand decreased to 64.60 percent in 2018 from 64.70 percent in 2013. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - New Zealand Home Ownership Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Dataset for the maps accompanying the Housing in Aotearoa New Zealand: 2025 report. This dataset contains counts and measures for:

• average number of private dwellings per square kilometre
• home ownership rates
• mould and damp.

​

Data is available by statistical area 2.

​

Average number of private dwellings per square kilometre has data for occupied, unoccupied, and total private dwellings from the 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses, including:

• dwelling counts
• percentage change in the count of dwellings
• average number of dwellings per square kilometre.

​

Home ownership rates has data for households in occupied private dwellings from the 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses, including:

• counts and percentages for households that owned their home or held it in a family trust, or did not own their home
• percentage change in the count of households that owned their home or held it in a family trust, or did not own their home.

​

Mould and damp has data for occupied private dwellings from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses, including:

• counts and percentages for dwellings with or without mould or damp
• percentage change in the count of dwellings with or without mould or damp.

​

Map shows the average number of private dwellings per square kilometre for the 2023 Census.

​

Map shows the percentage of households in occupied private dwellings that owned their home or held it in a family trust for the 2023 Census.

​

Map shows the percentage of occupied private dwellings that were damp or mouldy for the 2023 Census.

​

Download lookup file from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or embedded attachment in Stats NZ geographic data service. Download data table (excluding the geometry column for CSV files) using the instructions in the Koordinates help guide.

​

Footnotes

Geographical boundaries

Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023 (updated December 2023) has information about geographic boundaries as of 1 January 2023. Address data from 2013 and 2018 Censuses was updated to be consistent with the 2023 areas. Due to the changes in area boundaries and coding methodologies, 2013 and 2018 counts published in 2023 may be slightly different to those published in 2013 or 2018.

​

Caution using time series

Time series data should be interpreted with care due to changes in census methodology and differences in response rates between censuses. The 2023 and 2018 Censuses used a combined census methodology (using census responses and administrative data), while the 2013 Census used a full-field enumeration methodology (with no use of administrative data).

​

Dwelling density

This data shows the average number of private dwellings (occupied and unoccupied) per square kilometre of land for an area. This is a measure of dwelling density.

​

About the 2023 Census dataset

For information on the 2023 Census dataset see Using a combined census model for the 2023 Census. We combined data from the census forms with administrative data to create the 2023 Census dataset, which meets Stats NZ's quality criteria for population structure information. We added real data about real people to the dataset where we were confident the people who hadn’t completed a census form (which is known as admin enumeration) will be counted. We also used data from the 2018 and 2013 Censuses, administrative data sources, and statistical imputation methods to fill in some missing characteristics of people and dwellings.

​

Data quality

The quality of data in the 2023 Census is assessed using the quality rating scale and the quality assurance framework to determine whether data is fit for purpose and suitable for release. Data quality assurance in the 2023 Census has more information.

​

Quality rating of a variable

The quality rating of a variable provides an overall evaluation of data quality for that variable, usually at the highest levels of classification. The quality ratings shown are for the 2023 Census unless stated. There is variability in the quality of data at smaller geographies. Data quality may also vary between censuses, for subpopulations, or when cross tabulated with other variables or at lower levels of the classification. Data quality ratings for 2023 Census variables has more information on quality ratings by variable.

​

Dwelling occupancy status quality rating

Dwelling occupancy status is rated as high quality.

Dwelling occupancy status – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Dwelling type quality rating

Dwelling type is rated as moderate quality.

Dwelling type – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Tenure of household quality rating

Tenure of household is rated as moderate quality.

Tenure of household – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Dwelling dampness indicator quality rating

Dwelling dampness indicator is rated as moderate quality.

Housing quality – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Dwelling mould indicator quality rating

Dwelling mould indicator is rated as moderate quality.

Housing quality – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Using data for good

Stats NZ expects that, when working with census data, it is done so with a positive purpose, as outlined in the Māori Data Governance Model (Data Iwi Leaders Group, 2023). This model states that "data should support transformative outcomes and should uplift and strengthen our relationships with each other and with our environments. The avoidance of harm is the minimum expectation for data use. Māori data should also contribute to iwi and hapū tino rangatiratanga”.

​

Confidentiality

The 2023 Census confidentiality rules have been applied to 2013, 2018, and 2023 data. These rules protect the confidentiality of individuals, families, households, dwellings, and undertakings in 2023 Census data. Counts are calculated using fixed random rounding to base 3 (FRR3) and suppression of ‘sensitive’ counts less than six, where tables report multiple geographic variables and/or small populations. Individual figures may not always sum to stated totals. Applying confidentiality rules to 2023 Census data and summary of changes since 2018 and 2013 Censuses has more information about 2023 Census confidentiality rules.

​

Symbol

-998 Not applicable

-999 Confidential

​

Inconsistencies in definitions

Please note that there may be differences in definitions between census classifications and those used for other data collections.

​

Dataset for the maps accompanying the Housing in Aotearoa New Zealand: 2025 report. This dataset contains data for severe housing deprivation from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses.

​

Data is available by health district.

​

Severe housing deprivation has data for the census usually resident population from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses, including:

• estimated prevalence rate of severe housing deprivation (per 10,000 people)
• estimated rate for those; without shelter, in temporary accommodation, sharing someone else’s private dwelling, in uninhabitable housing, for whom it could not be determined whether they were severely housing deprived or not.

​

Map shows the estimated prevalence rate of severe housing deprivation (per 10,000 people) for the census usually resident population for the 2023 Census.

​

Download lookup file from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or embedded attachment in Stats NZ geographic data service. Download data table (excluding the geometry column for CSV files) using the instructions in the Koordinates help guide.

​

Footnotes

Geographical boundaries

Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023 (updated December 2023) has information about geographic boundaries as of 1 January 2023. Address data from 2013 and 2018 Censuses was updated to be consistent with the 2023 areas. Due to the changes in area boundaries and coding methodologies, 2013 and 2018 counts published in 2023 may be slightly different to those published in 2013 or 2018.

​

Subnational census usually resident population

The census usually resident population count of an area (subnational count) is a count of all people who usually live in that area and were present in New Zealand on census night. It excludes visitors from overseas, visitors from elsewhere in New Zealand, and residents temporarily overseas on census night. For example, a person who usually lives in Christchurch city and is visiting Wellington city on census night will be included in the census usually resident population count of Christchurch city. 

​

Population counts

Stats NZ publishes a number of different population counts, each using a different definition and methodology. Population statistics – user guide has more information about different counts. 

​

Caution using time series

Time series data should be interpreted with care due to changes in census methodology and differences in response rates between censuses. The 2023 and 2018 Censuses used a combined census methodology (using census responses and administrative data), while the 2013 Census used a full-field enumeration methodology (with no use of administrative data).

​

Severe housing deprivation time series

The 2018 estimates of severe housing deprivation have been updated using the 2023 methodology for estimating severe housing deprivation. Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information.

​

Severe housing deprivation

Figures in this map and geospatial file exclude Women’s refuge data, as well as estimates for children living in non-private dwellings. Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information.

​

About the 2023 Census dataset

For information on the 2023 Census dataset see Using a combined census model for the 2023 Census. We combined data from the census forms with administrative data to create the 2023 Census dataset, which meets Stats NZ's quality criteria for population structure information. We added real data about real people to the dataset where we were confident the people who hadn’t completed a census form (which is known as admin enumeration) will be counted. We also used data from the 2018 and 2013 Censuses, administrative data sources, and statistical imputation methods to fill in some missing characteristics of people and dwellings.

​

Data quality

The quality of data in the 2023 Census is assessed using the quality rating scale and the quality assurance framework to determine whether data is fit for purpose and suitable for release. Data quality assurance in the 2023 Census has more information.

​

Quality rating of a variable

The quality rating of a variable provides an overall evaluation of data quality for that variable, usually at the highest levels of classification. The quality ratings shown are for the 2023 Census unless stated. There is variability in the quality of data at smaller geographies. Data quality may also vary between censuses, for subpopulations, or when cross tabulated with other variables or at lower levels of the classification. Data quality ratings for 2023 Census variables has more information on quality ratings by variable.

​

Census usually resident population count concept quality rating

The census usually resident population count is rated as very high quality.

Census usually resident population count – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Quality of severe housing deprivation data

Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information on the data quality of this variable.

​

Using data for good

Stats NZ expects that, when working with census data, it is done so with a positive purpose, as outlined in the Māori Data Governance Model (Data Iwi Leaders Group, 2023). This model states that "data should support transformative outcomes and should uplift and strengthen our relationships with each other and with our environments. The avoidance of harm is the minimum expectation for data use. Māori data should also contribute to iwi and hapū tino rangatiratanga”.

​

Confidentiality

The 2023 Census confidentiality rules have been applied to 2013, 2018, and 2023 data. These rules protect the confidentiality of individuals, families, households, dwellings, and undertakings in 2023 Census data. Counts are calculated using fixed random rounding to base 3 (FRR3) and suppression of ‘sensitive’ counts less than six, where tables report multiple geographic variables and/or small populations. Individual figures may not always sum to stated totals. Applying confidentiality rules to 2023 Census data and summary of changes since 2018 and 2013 Censuses has more information about 2023 Census confidentiality rules.

​

Inconsistencies in definitions

Please note that there may be differences in definitions between census classifications and those used for other data collections.

Dataset for the maps accompanying the Housing in Aotearoa New Zealand: 2025 report. This dataset contains counts and measures for:

• average number of private dwellings per square kilometre
• severe housing deprivation
• home ownership rates
• mould and damp.

​

Data is available by territorial authority and Auckland local board.

​

Average number of private dwellings per square kilometre has data for occupied, unoccupied, and total private dwellings from the 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses, including:

• dwelling counts
• percentage change in the count of dwellings
• average number of dwellings per square kilometre.

​

Severe housing deprivation has data for the census usually resident population from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses, including:

• estimated prevalence rate of severe housing deprivation (per 10,000 people)
• estimated rate for those; without shelter, in temporary accommodation, sharing someone else’s private dwelling, in uninhabitable housing, for whom it could not be determined whether they were severely housing deprived or not.

​

Home ownership rates has data for households in occupied private dwellings from the 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses, including:

• counts and percentages for households that owned their home or held it in a family trust, or did not own their home
• percentage change in the count of households that owned their home or held it in a family trust, or did not own their home.

​

Mould and damp has data for occupied private dwellings from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses, including:

• counts and percentages for dwellings with or without mould or damp
• percentage change in the count of dwellings with or without mould or damp.

​

Map shows the average number of private dwellings per square kilometre for the 2023 Census

​

Map shows the estimated prevalence rate of severe housing deprivation (per 10,000 people) for the census usually resident population for the 2023 Census.

​

Map shows the percentage of households in occupied private dwellings that owned their home or held it in a family trust for the 2023 Census.

​

Map shows the percentage of occupied private dwellings that were damp or mouldy for the 2023 Census.

​

Download lookup file from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or embedded attachment in Stats NZ geographic data service. Download data table (excluding the geometry column for CSV files) using the instructions in the Koordinates help guide.

​

Footnotes

Geographical boundaries

Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023 (updated December 2023) has information about geographic boundaries as of 1 January 2023. Address data from 2013 and 2018 Censuses was updated to be consistent with the 2023 areas. Due to the changes in area boundaries and coding methodologies, 2013 and 2018 counts published in 2023 may be slightly different to those published in 2013 or 2018.

​

Subnational census usually resident population

The census usually resident population count of an area (subnational count) is a count of all people who usually live in that area and were present in New Zealand on census night. It excludes visitors from overseas, visitors from elsewhere in New Zealand, and residents temporarily overseas on census night. For example, a person who usually lives in Christchurch city and is visiting Wellington city on census night will be included in the census usually resident population count of Christchurch city. 

​

Population counts

Stats NZ publishes a number of different population counts, each using a different definition and methodology. Population statistics – user guide has more information about different counts. 

​

Caution using time series

Time series data should be interpreted with care due to changes in census methodology and differences in response rates between censuses. The 2023 and 2018 Censuses used a combined census methodology (using census responses and administrative data), while the 2013 Census used a full-field enumeration methodology (with no use of administrative data).

​

Severe housing deprivation time series

The 2018 estimates of severe housing deprivation have been updated using the 2023 methodology for estimating severe housing deprivation. Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information.

​

Severe housing deprivation

Figures in this map and geospatial file exclude Women’s refuge data, as well as estimates for children living in non-private dwellings. Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information.

​

Dwelling density

This data shows the average number of private dwellings (occupied and unoccupied) per square kilometre of land for an area. This is a measure of dwelling density.

​

About the 2023 Census dataset

For information on the 2023 Census dataset see Using a combined census model for the 2023 Census. We combined data from the census forms with administrative data to create the 2023 Census dataset, which meets Stats NZ's quality criteria for population structure information. We added real data about real people to the dataset where we were confident the people who hadn’t completed a census form (which is known as admin enumeration) will be counted. We also used data from the 2018 and 2013 Censuses, administrative data sources, and statistical imputation methods to fill in some missing characteristics of people and dwellings.

​

Data quality

The quality of data in the 2023 Census is assessed using the quality rating scale and the quality assurance framework to determine whether data is fit for purpose and suitable for release. Data quality assurance in the 2023 Census has more information.

​

Quality rating of a variable

The quality rating of a variable provides an overall evaluation of data quality for that variable, usually at the highest levels of classification. The quality ratings shown are for the 2023 Census unless stated. There is variability in the quality of data at smaller geographies. Data quality may also vary between censuses, for subpopulations, or when cross tabulated with other variables or at lower levels of the classification. Data quality ratings for 2023 Census variables has more information on quality ratings by variable.

​

Census usually resident population count concept quality rating

The census usually resident population count is rated as very high quality.

Census usually resident population count – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Quality of severe housing deprivation data

Severe housing deprivation (homelessness) estimates – updated methodology: 2023 Census has more information on the data quality of this variable.

​

Dwelling occupancy status quality rating

Dwelling occupancy status is rated as high quality.

Dwelling occupancy status – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Dwelling type quality rating

Dwelling type is rated as moderate quality.

Dwelling type – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Tenure of household quality rating

Tenure of household is rated as moderate quality.

Tenure of household – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Dwelling dampness indicator quality rating

Dwelling dampness indicator is rated as moderate quality.

Housing quality – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Dwelling mould indicator quality rating

Dwelling mould indicator is rated as moderate quality.

Housing quality – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

​

Using data for good

Stats NZ expects that, when working with census

As of November 2024, the Auckland region of New Zealand had the highest public housing stock at over ****** homes. This was more than triple the number of public homes found in the Canterbury region, the region with the second-highest public housing stock.

Housing Index in New Zealand decreased to 2310 Points in July from 2312 Points in June of 2025. This dataset provides - New Zealand House Prices MoM Change - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Stats NZ introduced questions on sexual identity and gender to HES for the year ended June 2021, to help provide a more accurate and inclusive picture of New Zealanders that, amongst other dimensions, would reflect the diversity of genders and sexual identities in Aotearoa.

New Zealand Housing & Household Utilities: YoY data was reported at 4.300 % in Mar 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 4.300 % for Dec 2024. New Zealand Housing & Household Utilities: YoY data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.300 % from Jun 2000 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 100 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 9.100 % in Jun 2022 and a record low of -1.000 % in Dec 2001. New Zealand Housing & Household Utilities: YoY data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Stats NZ. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.I002: Consumer Price Index: Jun2017=1000.

Approximately **** percent of homeowners in New Zealand reported that their homes had mold during a survey conducted in the year ended March 2019. This was a lower share than that reported by renters during the same survey, indicating the housing quality was higher for owner-occupied dwellings compared to rented dwellings.

New Zealand Consumer Price Index (CPI): Weights: HU: Home Ownership: Purchase of new housing data was reported at 5.500 % in Jun 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 5.500 % for Mar 2018. New Zealand Consumer Price Index (CPI): Weights: HU: Home Ownership: Purchase of new housing data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.200 % from Jun 2006 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 49 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.510 % in Mar 2011 and a record low of 4.010 % in Mar 2014. New Zealand Consumer Price Index (CPI): Weights: HU: Home Ownership: Purchase of new housing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics New Zealand. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.I004: Consumer Price Index: Weights.

New Zealand Housing & Household Utilities: QoQ data was reported at 0.700 % in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.500 % for Dec 2024. New Zealand Housing & Household Utilities: QoQ data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.900 % from Sep 1999 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 103 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.600 % in Sep 2021 and a record low of -1.900 % in Mar 2001. New Zealand Housing & Household Utilities: QoQ data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Stats NZ. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.I002: Consumer Price Index: Jun2017=1000.

The five-yearly Census of Population and Dwellings is a very important item on Tokelau’s agenda. Its results provide the most authoritative data on how many people we have, what the composition of their households is, what education level they have, how they contribute to Tokelau’s economy, and so on. As a non-self- governing territory, Tokelau has a special constitutional relationship with New Zealand. This special relationship is strengthened by connections between the tiny Tokelau National Statistics Office (TNSO) and Statistics NZ. It is the latter organisation that has been largely responsible for the excellent Tokelau Censuses in 2006, 2011, and again in 2016.

Version 01: De-identifed, cleaned and labelled version of the Master file. This is the first systematic effort in documenting the 2016 Tokelau Census. All output documentation is available on the Tokelau website tinyurl.com/TokelauCensus but any efforts to collate data have been an internal matter so far. The DDI approach aims to make all Census material (albeit anonymised) internationally accessible.

-HOUSEHOLD: Dwelling age; number of rooms; sources of water; means of cooking; rubbish disposal; household items; access to Sky TV, internet; numbers of pigs and chickens; sources of income; combined annual household income
-INDIVIDUALS: Name (suppressed), sex, age (birthdates suppressed), relationship to household head; living where; ethnicity; life statisfaction; self-assessed health; religion; birth mother and father still alive; language skills: speaking and writing; early childhood ecudation; address 5 years ago; education and qualifications; marital status; paid and unpaid employment; smoking; sense of belonging; social contact; children given birth to

• Collection start: 2016
• Collection end: 2016

In June 2025, the number of housing sales in the Auckland region in New Zealand amounted to around *****. The Canterbury region recorded the next highest number of sales in the same month at approximately *****.

CPI Housing Utilities in New Zealand increased to 1427 points in the second quarter of 2025 from 1415 points in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - New Zealand CPI Housing & Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Abstract

The 2006 Census of Tokelau was conducted on the 19th of October 2006, by both local representatives and Statistics New Zealand staff. Significant planning went into both the collection and output phases of the 2006 Census – with consultation on various aspects of the census (for example, questionnaire content consultation) carried out in Tokelau, Samoa and New Zealand, where appropriate. The 2006 Census questionnaire was based on a standard form developed by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), with some changes as appropriate to the Tokelau situation.

Tokelau has a unique population composition. A significant proportion of the Tokelauan population are away from the islands at any one time, for various reasons (e.g. healthcare, education). Considerable time and effort has been put into developing effective population measures for the 2006 Census of Tokelau, with a focus on ensuring all usual residents were counted – in particular those who were not present in Tokelau on census night. Core demographic information was completed by the head of the household, on behalf of people who usually live in Tokelau, but were away on census night.

Geographic coverage

National coverage: the census covers residents of Tokelau and also Tokelau public servants and their families who are employed in Apia, Samoa.

Analysis unit

Individuals and Households.

Universe

The Census covers residents of the non-selfgoverning New Zealand territory of Tokelau and includes Tokelau public servants and their families who are employed in Apia, Samoa. While visitors to Tokelau on Census night are also included, the ultimate aim of the Census is to provide an accurate assessment of the de jure population.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire of the 2006 Tokelau Census consisted of three different forms: - Dwelling form: Dwelling characteristics; sources of water; means of cooking; rubbish disposal; hosuehold items; access to Sky TV, internet; numbers of pigs and chickens; sources of income. - Individual form: Individual characteristics; realationship to household head; living where; ethnicity; religion; birth mother and father still alive; language skills: speaking and writing; address 5 years ago; education and qualifications; marital status; paid and unpaid employment; children given birth to. - Absentee form: Individual characteristics; reason for / length of absence; income.

The 2006 Census questionnaire was based on a standard form developed by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), with some changes appropriate to the Tokelau situation. Some modifications were made in the 2006 Questionnaire, for instance: - In 2001, the questionnaire only asked for items owned and not necessarily partial or shared ownership as it did in 2006.

A thorough review of the employment and work sections of the questionnaire was undertaken to ensure the unique work force in Tokelau was represented, while at the same time ensuring international comparability. Questions on languages spoken, cigarette smoking and household income were added.

The English version of the questionnaire was reviewed using cognitive testing with four Wellington-based Tokelauan families. The near-final English version of the questionnaire was then tested in Tokelau in July 2006.

Consultation about the content of the census forms was also undertaken in Tokelau and Samoa, with Tokelau government representatives and decision-makers. This consultation was an opportunity to determine what information was required by various data users and how it could best be delivered. After the July visit to Tokelau, the questionnaire was finalised and translation into Tokelauan was carried out. A shorter version of the full individual questionnaire was used for Tokelau Public Service (TPS) working in Samoa, which consisted of only basic demographic questions about each member of the household. No dwelling questions were asked in Samoa.

The census questionnaire was a paperbased, interviewer-administered questionnaire available in two languages (English and Tokelauan).

Cleaning operations

The vast majority of editing was done on the dataset rather than on the raw data. Data evaluation identified cases that needed editing, the resolution was researched by the census manager, and any changes were recorded. This approach was taken to allow for a record to be kept of how many changes (consistency edits) have been undertaken, allowing the process to be defendable.

Census data processing was done using CSPro v 3.0 (Census and Survey Processing System). The Pacific Community (SPC) endorsed CSPro as the standard processing system for all population statistics in the Pacific. For the census of Tokelau, CSPro was used for key entry, editing, and verification of the census data.

Sampling error estimates

Not applicable: Census

Data appraisal

Given the small population size, no post-enumeration survey was done.

In some cases a respondent’s birth day or month was imputed. In these cases the date was randomly selected from one to thirty one and the birth month was randomly selected (from January to December). Any imputed dates were checked to ensure they were valid dates eg not 31 February. Overall the census management team felt that the editing, imputation and mandatory variables methods used were successful. They provided a good balance between quality and practicality for a small census.

Dataset contains counts and measures for individuals from the 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses. Data is available by statistical area 1.

​

The variables included in this dataset are for the census usually resident population count (unless otherwise stated). All data is for level 1 of the classification.

​

The variables for part 2 of the dataset are:

• Individual home ownership for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Usual residence 1 year ago indicator
• Usual residence 5 years ago indicator
• Years at usual residence
• Average years at usual residence
• Years since arrival in New Zealand for the overseas-born census usually resident population count
• Average years since arrival in New Zealand for the overseas-born census usually resident population count
• Study participation
• Main means of travel to education, by usual residence address for the census usually resident population who are studying
• Main means of travel to education, by education address for the census usually resident population who are studying
• Highest qualification for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Post-school qualification in New Zealand indicator for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Highest secondary school qualification for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Post-school qualification level of attainment for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Sources of personal income (total responses) for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Total personal income for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Median ($) total personal income for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Work and labour force status for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Job search methods (total responses) for the unemployed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Status in employment for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Unpaid activities (total responses) for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Hours worked in employment per week for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Average hours worked in employment per week for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Industry, by usual residence address for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Industry, by workplace address for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Occupation, by usual residence address for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Occupation, by workplace address for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Main means of travel to work, by usual residence address for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Main means of travel to work, by workplace address for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Sector of ownership for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over
• Individual unit data source.

​

Download lookup file for part 2 from Stats NZ ArcGIS Online or embedded attachment in Stats NZ geographic data service. Download data table (excluding the geometry column for CSV files) using the instructions in the Koordinates help guide.

​

Footnotes

Te Whata

Under the Mana Ōrite Relationship Agreement, Te Kāhui Raraunga (TKR) will be publishing Māori descent and iwi affiliation data from the 2023 Census in partnership with Stats NZ. This will be available on Te Whata, a TKR platform.

​

Geographical boundaries

Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023 (updated December 2023) has information about geographic boundaries as of 1 January 2023. Address data from 2013 and 2018 Censuses was updated to be consistent with the 2023 areas. Due to the changes in area boundaries and coding methodologies, 2013 and 2018 counts published in 2023 may be slightly different to those published in 2013 or 2018.

​

Subnational census usually resident population

The census usually resident population count of an area (subnational count) is a count of all people who usually live in that area and were present in New Zealand on census night. It excludes visitors from overseas, visitors from elsewhere in New Zealand, and residents temporarily overseas on census night. For example, a person who usually lives in Christchurch city and is visiting Wellington city on census night will be included in the census usually resident population count of Christchurch city.

​

​

Population counts

Stats NZ publishes a number of different population counts, each using a different definition and methodology. Population statistics – user guide has more information about different counts.

​

Caution using time series

Time series data should be interpreted with care due to changes in census methodology and differences in response rates between censuses. The 2023 and 2018 Censuses used a combined census methodology (using census responses and administrative data), while the 2013 Census used a full-field enumeration methodology (with no use of administrative data).

​

Study participation time series

In the 2013 Census study participation was only collected for the census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over.

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About the 2023 Census dataset

For information on the 2023 dataset see Using a combined census model for the 2023 Census. We combined data from the census forms with administrative data to create the 2023 Census dataset, which meets Stats NZ's quality criteria for population structure information. We added real data about real people to the dataset where we were confident the people who hadn’t completed a census form (which is known as admin enumeration) will be counted. We also used data from the 2018 and 2013 Censuses, administrative data sources, and statistical imputation methods to fill in some missing characteristics of people and dwellings.

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Data quality

The quality of data in the 2023 Census is assessed using the quality rating scale and the quality assurance framework to determine whether data is fit for purpose and suitable for release. Data quality assurance in the 2023 Census has more information.

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Concept descriptions and quality ratings

Data quality ratings for 2023 Census variables has additional details about variables found within totals by topic, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Disability indicator

This data should not be used as an official measure of disability prevalence. Disability prevalence estimates are only available from the 2023 Household Disability Survey. Household Disability Survey 2023: Final content has more information about the survey.

Activity limitations are measured using the Washington Group Short Set (WGSS). The WGSS asks about six basic activities that a person might have difficulty with: seeing, hearing, walking or climbing stairs, remembering or concentrating, washing all over or dressing, and communicating. A person was classified as disabled in the 2023 Census if there was at least one of these activities that they had a lot of difficulty with or could not do at all.

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Using data for good

Stats NZ expects that, when working with census data, it is done so with a positive purpose, as outlined in the Māori Data Governance Model (Data Iwi Leaders Group, 2023). This model states that "data should support transformative outcomes and should uplift and strengthen our relationships with each other and with our environments. The avoidance of harm is the minimum expectation for data use. Māori data should also contribute to iwi and hapū tino rangatiratanga”.

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Confidentiality

The 2023 Census confidentiality rules have been applied to 2013, 2018, and 2023 data. These rules protect the confidentiality of individuals, families, households, dwellings, and undertakings in 2023 Census data. Counts are calculated using fixed random rounding to base 3 (FRR3) and suppression of ‘sensitive’ counts less than six, where tables report multiple geographic variables and/or small populations. Individual figures may not always sum to stated totals. Applying confidentiality rules to 2023 Census data and summary of changes since 2018 and 2013 Censuses has more information about 2023 Census confidentiality rules.

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Measures

Measures like averages, medians, and other quantiles are calculated from unrounded counts, with input noise added to or subtracted from each contributing value

New Zealand has *** of the highest house price-to-income ratios in the world; nonetheless, since the first quarter of 2022, the country's house price-to-income ratio started to trend downward. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the ratio was *****, a slight decrease from the same quarter of the previous year. This ratio was calculated by dividing nominal house prices by nominal disposable income per head, and is considered a measure of affordability. Homeownership dream New Zealand has been in what is widely considered a housing bubble. The disproportionately large increases in residential house prices have placed the dream of owning their own home out of reach for many in the country. In 2024, around ** percent of residential properties were sold for over a million New Zealand dollars. The majority of mortgage lending in the country went to owner-occupiers where the property was not their first home, with first-home buyers often struggling to secure a loan. In general, only New Zealand residents and citizens can buy homes in the country to live in, with new regulations tightening investment activity in that market. Rent affordability Due to New Zealand's high property prices, many individuals and families are stuck renting for prolonged periods. However, with rent prices increasing across the country and the share of monthly income spent on rent trending upwards in tandem with a highly competitive rental market, renting is becoming a less appealing prospect for many. The Auckland and Bay of Plenty regions had the highest weekly rent prices across the country as of December 2024, with the Southland region recording the lowest rent prices per week.

The average rent in the housing market in New Zealand was *** New Zealand dollars per week as of December 2024. The Auckland and Bay of Plenty regions had the highest mean rents for residential housing across the country at *** New Zealand dollars per week, respectively.

The price of residential property in New Zealand was the highest in the Auckland region in June 2025, with an average sale price of around ******* New Zealand dollars. The most populated city in the country, Auckland, has consistently reported higher house prices compared to most other regions. Buying property in New Zealand, particularly in its major cities, is expensive. The nation has one of the highest house-price-to-income ratios in the world. Auckland residential market The residential housing market in Auckland is competitive. Prices have been slowly decreasing; the Auckland region experienced an annual decrease in the average residential house price in March 2025 compared to the same month in the previous year. The price of residential property in Auckland was the highest in the North Shore City district, with an average sale price of around **** million New Zealand dollars. Home financing Due to the rising cost of real estate, an increasing number of New Zealanders who want to own their own property are taking on mortgages. Most residential mortgage lending in New Zealand went to owner-occupier borrowers, followed by first home buyers. In addition to mortgage lending, previously under the KiwiSaver HomeStart initiative, first-home buyers in New Zealand were able to apply to withdraw all or part of their KiwiSaver retirement savings to assist with purchasing a first home. Nonetheless, the scheme was discontinued in May 2024. Furthermore, even with a large initial deposit, it may take decades for many borrowers to pay off their mortgage.

In June 2025, the value of mortgage lending to owner-occupier borrowers (excluding first-home buyers) in New Zealand amounted to around **** billion New Zealand dollars. Residential lending to investors was approximately *** billion New Zealand dollars in comparison. Housing affordability in New Zealand Many people across New Zealand have discarded the homeownership dream due to the country’s unaffordable housing supply. While average residential house prices fell across some of New Zealand’s regions in 2024, first-home buyers are still largely priced out of the market due to high mortgage repayments, interest rates, and average home deposit values. The monthly residential mortgage lending value to first-home buyers in New Zealand in December 2024 came to around *** billion New Zealand dollars, marking a slight rise from the previous month. The highest monthly value of mortgage lending to first-home buyers across the country was recorded in March 2021, during a year when average residential mortgage rates were at their lowest. Where are residential mortgage interest rates heading? According to a survey conducted in May 2023, rising interest rates were the leading property market concern among New Zealanders, with over 54 percent of respondents expressing their concern. New Zealand’s average new residential mortgage interest rates were at their lowest in 2021 but have inflated greatly over the past few years. In June 2021, the average 1-year fixed interest rate for a new standard residential mortgage in New Zealand was at **** percent, with this rate rising to over *** percent by December 2023. Nonetheless, mortgage rates showed signs of leveling out at the end of 2023, and began declining in 2024.