As of December 2022, the highest recorded temperature in Australia was at Onslow Airport in Western Australia, where the temperature was 50.7 degrees Celsius.

What is causing increasing temperatures?

The annual mean temperature deviation in the country has increased over the past century. In 2020, the annual national mean temperature was 1.15 degrees Celsius above average. Climate experts agree that the major climate driver responsible for the heat experienced in Australia was a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). This is where sea surface temperatures are cooler in the eastern half of the Indian Ocean than the western half. The discrepancy in temperatures led to drier, warmer conditions across Australia. Global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions has been linked to the warming of sea surface temperatures and the IOD.

Social change

While the topic of global warming is undoubtedly controversial, many people perceived global warming as influencing Australia’s climate. In 2019, over 40 percent of young Australians believed climate change was the most pressing issue affecting their generation. This was a stark increase from the previous year. The majority of Australians agreed that their government should be taking some form of action on climate change. It seems that recent climate events have triggered a call for action by many Australians.

In 2024, the mean temperature deviation in Australia was 1.46 degrees Celsius higher than the reference value for that year, indicating a positive anomaly. Over the course of the last century, mean temperature anomaly measurements in Australia have exhibited an overall increasing trend. Temperature trending upwards Global land temperature anomalies have been fluctuating since the start of their measurement but show an overall upward tendency. Australian mean temperatures have followed this trend and continued to rise as well. Considered the driest inhabited continent on earth, this has severe consequences for the country. In particular, the south of Australia is predicted to become susceptible to drought, which could lead to an increase in bushfires as well. The highest temperatures recorded in Australia as of 2022 were measured in South Australia and Western Australia, both exceeding 50 degrees. The 2019/2020 bushfire season Already prone to wildfires due to its dry climate, the change in temperature has made Australia even more vulnerable to an increase in bushfires. One of the worst wildfires in Australia, and on a global level as well, happened during the 2019/2020 bushfire season. The combination of the hottest days and the lowest annual mean rainfall in 20 years resulted in a destruction of 12.5 million acres. New South Wales was the region with the largest area burned by bushfires in that year, a major part of which was conservation land.

This statistic displays the average minimum and maximum temperatures in Australia in 2015. According to the source, in Queensland, the hottest temperature was 30.94 degrees on average in 2015.

Daily (1981-2019), monthly (1981-2019) and monthly mean (1981-2010) surfaces of maximum temperature (approx. 1.2 m from ground) across Victoria at a spatial resolution of 9 seconds (approx. 250 m). Surfaces are developed using ordinary trivariate splines (full spline dependence upon latitude, longitude and elevation).

Lineage: A) Data modelling: 1. Weather station observations collected by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology were obtained via the SILO patched point dataset (https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/silo-patched-point-datasets-for-queensland), followed by the removal of all interpolated records. 2. Climate normals representing the 1981-2010 reference period were calculated for each weather station. A regression patching procedure (Hopkinson et al. 2012) was used to correct for biases arising due to differences in record length where possible. 3. Climate normals for each month were interpolated with full spline dependence upon latitude, longitude and elevation (Fenner School of Environment and Society & Geoscience Australia 2008) using ANUSPLIN 4.4 (Hutchinson & Xu 2013). 4. Daily anomalies were calculated by subtracting daily observations from climate normals and interpolated with full spline dependence upon latitude and longitude 5. Interpolated anomalies were added to interpolated climate normals to obtain the final daily surfaces. 6. Monthly surfaces are calculated as an aggregation of the daily product. B) Spatial data inputs: 1. Fenner School of Environment and Society and Geoscience Australia. 2008. GEODATA 9 Second Digital Elevation Model (DEM-9S) Version 3. C) Model performance (3DS): Accuracy assessment was conducted with leave-one-out cross validation. Mean monthly maximum temperature RMSE = 0.51 °C Daily maximum temperature RMSE = 1.20 °C

Please refer to the linked manuscript for further details.

The maximum and minimum temperatures are the highest and lowest temperatures (respectively) which occurred throughout the 24 hours period up to 9am. The observed minimum daily temperature is assigned to the date the observation was made, as the diurnal cycle typically reaches its minimum at approximately 5am. The observed maximum daily temperature is assigned to the day prior to the date the observation was made, as the diurnal cycle typically reaches its maximum at approximately 3pm. If the data are not recorded daily (for example, the instrument malfunctioned), the first observation following the no-report period is flagged as an accumulation.

In 2022, the observed annual average mean temperature in Australia reached 21.96 degrees Celsius. Overall, the annual average temperature had increased compared to the temperature reported for 1901. Impact of climate change The rising temperatures in Australia are a prime example of global climate change. As a dry country, peak temperatures and drought pose significant environmental threats to Australia, leading to water shortages and an increase in bushfires. Western and South Australia reported the highest temperatures measured in the country, with record high temperatures of over 50°C in 2022. Australia’s emission sources While Australia has pledged its commitment to the Paris Climate Agreement, it still relies economically on a few high greenhouse gas emitting sectors, such as the mining and energy sectors. Australia’s current leading source of greenhouse gas emissions is the generation of electricity, and black coal is still a dominant source for its total energy production. One of the future challenges of the country will thus be to find a balance between economic security and the mitigation of environmental impact.

We must understand the natural cycles of the oceans to understand the evolution of our climate through geological time. Core MD 032607 was obtained in 2003 off the coast of Sumatra (36.9606 S, 137.4065 E). By investigating the properties and components of this core we are able to reveal some information regarding past oceanographic and climatic systems. Information obtained or inferred from the core include the isotopic composition of oxygen and carbon through time, an age vs. depth profile of the core (revealing sedimentation rates), the relative abundance of planktonic foraminifera over time, and estimates of historical sea-surface temperatures.

Three datasets containing climate data, compiled in April 2011, have been purchased from the Bureau of Meteorology. These datasets include observations from stations in all Australian States and Territories. Each dataset includes a file which gives details of the stations where observations were made and a file describing the data. AWS Hourly Data contains hourly records of precipitation, air temperature, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, vapour pressure, saturated vapour pressure, wind speed, wind direction, maximum wind gust, mean sea level pressure, station level pressure. Each record for each parameter is also flagged to indicate the quality of the value.Synoptic Data contains records of air temperature, dew point temperature, wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, mean sea level pressure, station level pressure, QNH pressure, vapour pressure and saturated vapour pressure. Each record for each parameter is also flagged to indicate the quality of the value.Daily Rainfall Data contains records precipitation in the 24 hours before 9 am, number of days of rain within the days of accumulation and the accumulated number of days over which the precipitation was measured. Each precipitation record is flagged to indicate the quality of the value.

Climate Data Online offers temperature, rainfall and solar exposure values, per day, and per month for each station, for all years that a Station has been operating and measuring that variable. …Show full descriptionClimate Data Online offers temperature, rainfall and solar exposure values, per day, and per month for each station, for all years that a Station has been operating and measuring that variable. Data is from both closed and open stations. Data timespans vary across stations. The earliest data is for Parramatta, commencing 1832. Data values are typically incorporated into CDO within 24 hours of the value being recorded, but QC of the data can take some time. The data's QC-status is indicated by the font (colour and italics). Rainfall: Daily rainfall Observations are nominally made at 9 am local clock time, and record the total for the previous 24 hours. Rainfall includes all forms of precipitation that reach the ground, such as rain, drizzle, hail and snow. For more information, see: [ About daily rainfall data: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0009.shtml ] and ["About rain data: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-rain-data.shtml ] and [ About measuring rain: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/rain-measure.shtml ]. The Monthly rainfall data is the total of all available Daily rainfall for the month. Rainfall includes all forms of precipitation that reach the ground, such as rain, drizzle, hail and snow. [ More information about monthly rainfall data: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0001.shtml ]. More information about Temperature measurements : [http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-airtemp-data.shtml ]. Temperature (Daily maximum or minimum): The Daily minimum or maximum air temperature is nominally recorded at 9 am local clock time. The daily maximum air temperature is the highest temperature for the 24 hours leading up to the observation, and is recorded as the maximum temperature for the previous day. The daily minimum air temperature is the lowest temperature for the 24 hours leading up to the observation, and is recorded as the minimum temperature for the day on which the observation was made. Temperature data prior to 1910 should be used with extreme caution as many stations prior to that date used non-standard shelters. [See: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0011.shtml (minT) and http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0010.shtml (maxT) ] Temperature (Mean minimum or maximum, per month) : The Monthly mean minimum (or maximum) temperature is the average of all available daily minima (or maxima) for the month. For detail of daily Temperature, see above. [ For more detail on Mean minimum or maximum, per month, see : http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0002.shtml ] Temperature (Lowest or Highest per month, for each month) : The Monthly highest (or Lowest) temperature is the highest (or lowest) of all available daily maxima (or minima) for the month. For detail of daily Temperature, see above. [ For more details, see: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0006.shtml ] Temperature (Lowest Maximum or Highest Minimum temperature per month, for each month) : The Monthly lowest maximum (or highest minimum) temperature is the lowest (or highest) of all available daily maxima (or minima) for the month. For detail of daily Temperature, see above. Solar Exposure (Daily): The Daily global solar exposure (per station) is the total solar energy for a day falling on a horizontal surface. It is measured from midnight to midnight. The values are usually highest in clear sun conditions during the summer and lowest during winter or very cloudy days. Units of Measurements are MJ/m2. The Monthly mean daily global solar exposure is the average of all available daily Solar Exposure for the month. For more details about the Daily Solar Exposure product, see: [ http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0016.shtml ]. Info about solar exposure: [ http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/austmaps/solar-radiation-glossary.shtml#globalexposure ; For more details about the Monthly Sol.Exp product, see: [ http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-IDCJAC0003.shtml ].

For each station, an extended list of climate statistics is provided. Data includes various statitics related to air temperature , dew-point temperature , wet-bulb temperature , ground temperature …Show full descriptionFor each station, an extended list of climate statistics is provided. Data includes various statitics related to air temperature , dew-point temperature , wet-bulb temperature , ground temperature , rainfall , wind , sunshine hours , solar exposure , cloud cover , evaporation and relative humidity. Data timespans vary depending on each site's commencement, and when that data parameter was first collected at the site. Data covers all years that a site has been measuring that data parameter. The earliest commencement date of any sites is 1834 Parramatta, NSW). The dataset includes over 1000 sites. Monthly statistics are only included if there are more than 10 years of suitable data. Sites have been included only if a minimum of 10 years of temperature data are available for the site. Thus, statistics for more than 15,000 'rainfall-only' stations are not currently available on this web site, but may be obtained by contacting the Bureau. The sites cover Australasia (including outer islands and 4 in Antarctica). Site locations can be viewed on a map, at [ http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/index.shtml?bookmark=200 ]. Locations are also listed [ http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/ca_site_file_names.shtml ] by State/Territory, and then place name. Both the map and list provide access to a webpage offering the climate statistics for that location (for the 'main' statistics, or for 'all' statistics; and relative to a user-selected period (3 decades, or all years).] Statistics include highest/lowest or mean of monthly values, applied against all years of data, or against a user-selected 30-year subset of the data. Other statistics for a number of elements include: maximum, minimum and ground surface temperatures; rainfall, including extremes and days of rain above 1mm, 10mm, and 25mm; other daily elements including sunshine and evaporation where available; and temperatures, humidity, wind and cloud (nominally) at 9am and 3pm. Explanations of each variable can be found by clicking on the first column of each row in the statistics tables. Note: Many statistics are updated quarterly and recent weather events may not be represented in the statistics below. For more current information on recent extreme values, please refer to the corresponding 'Daily rainfall', 'Maximum temperature' and 'Minimum temperature' data tables for the site, in CDO. (Links to these are provided at the top of the each Site's Climate Statistics webpage; or see See 'SupplementalInformation' section of this record, for details). The top of each Climate Stats webpage also provides a link to the data (for the timespan that the user has selected); as well as to details of the site (via "Map")

Australian Bureau of Meteorology assembled this dataset of 191 Australian rainfall stations for the purpose of climate change monitoring and assessment. These stations were selected because they are believed to be the highest quality and most reliable long-term rainfall stations in Australia. The longest period of record is August 1840 to December 1990, but the actual periods vary by individual station. Each data record in the dataset contains at least a monthly precipitation total, and most records also have daily data as well.

This dataset contains Temperature and Humidity data collected as part of the "Weather Together" community initiative. The City of Greater Geelong is working with the community to improve the accuracy of local weather data. Citizens have volunteered to host weather sensors at their home or workplace to record temperature and humidity in different parts of the city where climate can vary significantly.Weather Together is a way for community members to be actively involved in data collection, citizen science and real-world problem solving. Data can be visualised on the Weather Together dashboard.

This record provides a listing of meteorological data collected in the Australian Antarctic Territory by members of the Australian Antarctic program (and it's predecessors) and the Bureau of Meteorology. The data have been obtained by manual observations and by automatic weather stations.

All data are available from the Bureau of Meteorology, and are considered to be the authoritative source of weather data in the Australian Antarctic Territory (as they have been quality checked). Raw data directly from the automatic weather stations at the stations is available at https://data.aad.gov.au/aws.

The data available here includes:

• Automatic Weather Station data from 7 sites - Casey, Davis, Macquarie Island, Mawson, Wilkins, Davis Whoop Whoop, and Casey Skiway South. Data resolution varies, but is approximately every 30 minutes.

• Daily weather data from 48 sites. Note - not all of these sites are still operational.

• Synoptic weather data from 53 sites. Note - not all of these sites are still operational.

• Terrestrial soil data from 4 sites. Note - not all of these sites are still operational.

• Upper air data from 5 sites. Note - not all of these sites are still operational.

• High resolution, 1 minute automatic weather station data from 7 sites - Casey, Davis, Macquarie Island, Mawson, Wilkins, Davis Whoop Whoop, and Casey Skiway South.

• Daily and Synoptic data from a number of decommissioned sites.

Site details of 24 sites. For full site listings, seeing the file for station details within each dataset ("HM01X_StnDet").

Meteorology data from Wilkes Station, Antarctica 1960 - 1968 - data collected include: temperature (maximum and minimum; dry bulb; wet bulb; dew point), air pressure, wind (direction,speed and maximum gust; run (greater than 3 m)), phenomena, sunshine, cloud.

Meteorology data from Casey Station (current) (300017), Antarctica 1989 ongoing, surface measurements - location 66.2792 S, 110.5356 E, with a barometric height of 42.3m. Data collected include the following: temperature (maximum and minimum; dry bulb), air pressure, wind (direction;speed), humidity, rainfall, sunshine, cloud, visibility. An AWS is now in operation at Casey station.

Meteorology data from Davis Station (300000), Antarctica 1957 ongoing, surface measurements - location 68.5772 S, 77.9725 E, with a station height of 16.0m and a barometric height of 22.3m. - location 66.2792 S, 110.5356 E, with a barometric height of 42.3m. Data collected include the following: temperature (maximum and minimum; dry bulb; terrestrial minimum, soil temperature), air pressure, wind (direction, speed; run), rainfall, sunshine, cloud, humidity, visibility. An AWS is now in operation at Davis station.

Meteorology data from Mawson Station (300001), Antarctica 1954 ongoing, surface measurements - location 67.6014 S, 62.8731 E, with a station height of 9.9m and a barometric height of 16.0m. Data collected include the following: temperature (maximum and minimum; dry bulb), air pressure, wind (direction,speed), humidity, cloud, rainfall, sunshine. An AWS is now in operation at Mawson station.

Meteorology data from Macquarie Island Station (300004), 1948 ongoing, surface measurements - location 54.4997 S, 158.9522 E, with a station height of 6.0m, a barometric height of 8.3m and an aerodrome height of 6.0m. Data collected include the following: temperature (maximum and minimum; dry bulb; wet bulb; terrestrial minimum; soil 10cm,20cm,50cm,100cm), air pressure, wind (direction; speed; run), rainfall, sunshine, cloud, visibility, humidity, sea state, radiation. An AWS is now in operation at Macquarie Island station.

Meteorology data from Heard Island (Atlas Cove) Station (300005), first installed 1948 - location 53.02 S, 73.39 E, with a station height of 3.0m, and a barometric height of 3.5m. Data collected include the following: temperature, air pressure, rainfall.

Meteorology data from Heard Island (The Spit) Station (300028), installed 1992 - location 53.1069 S, 73.7211 E, with a station height of 12.0m and a barometric height of 12.5m. Data collected include the following: temperature (air and minimum terrestrial), air pressure, humidity, wind direction, sunshine, cloud.

Meteorology data from Casey Station (current) (300017), Antarctica 1989 ongoing, upper atmosphere measurements - location 66.2792 S, 110.5356 E, with a barometric height of 42.3m. Data collected include the following: upper atmospheric temperature (via a radiosonde), upper atmospheric wind (using a wind find radar).

Meteorology data from Davis Station (300000), Antarctica 1957 ongoing, upper atmosphere measurements - location 68.5772 S, 77.9725 E, with a station height of 16.0m and a barometric height of 22.3m. Data collected include the following: upper atmospheric temperature (using radiosonde), upper atmosphere wind (using wind find radar).

Meteorology data from Mawson Station (300001), Antarctica 1954 ongoing, upper atmosphere measurements - location 67.6014 S, 62.8731 E, with a station height of 9.9m and a barometric height of 16.0m. Data collected include the following: upper atmosphere temperature and wind (using sounding processor and GPS).

Meteorology data from Macquarie Island Station (300004), 1948 ongoing, upper atmosphere measurements - location 54.4997 S, 158.9522 E, with a station height of 6.0m, a barometric height of 8.3m and an aerodrome height of 6.0m. Data collected include the following: upper atmosphere temperature and wind (collected using wind find radar and radiosondes).

Meteorology data from Knuckey Peaks Station (300009), 1975 - 1984 - location 67.8 S, 53.5 E.

Meteorology data from Heard Island (Atlas Cove) Station (300005), first installed 1948, upper atmosphere measurements - location 53.02 S, 73.39 E, with a station height of 3.0m, and a barometric height of 3.5m. Data recorded include: upper atmosphere temperature, upper atmosphere wind.

Meteorology data from Mount King Satellite of Mawson Station (300010), Antarctica, 1975 - 1984 - location 67.1 S, 52.5 E, with a station height of 112.5m. Data recorded include: temperature (dry bulb), air pressure, humidity, visibility, and some upper atmosphere measurements.

Meteorology data from Lanyon Junction Station (300011), Antarctica 1983 to 1987 - location 66.3 S, 110.8667 E, with a station height of 470.0m. Observational records include: humidity charts, thermograph charts, pilot balloon flights, and surface observations.

Meteorology data from Haupt Nunatak (Casey) Automatic Weather Station (site 300012), installed 1994 - located at 66.5819 S, 110.6939 E near Casey station, with a station height of 81.4m and a barometer height of 83.4m. Data recorded include: barometric pressure, wind direction, speed and gust, and air temperature.

Meteorology data from Depot Peak site (300013), Antarctica, installed 1990 - location 69.05 S, 164.6 E, and has a station height of 1600 m. Instruments at the site include: barometer, cup anemometer and humicap (temperature and humidity).

Meteorology data from Edgeworth David (Bunger Hills) Station (300014), Antarctica, 1986 to 1989 - location 66.25 S, 100.6036 E, with a station height of 6.0m and a barometric height of 7.0m.

Meteorology data from Law Base Station (300015),Antarctica, 1989 - 1992 - location 69.4167 S, 76.5 E, with a station height of 77.0m.

Meteorology data from Dovers Station (300016), Antarctica, 1988 to 1992 - located at 70.2333 S, 65.85 E, with a station height of 1058.0m and a barometric height of 1059.0m. Data recorded include: Air pressure, air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, cloud, visibility and upper atmosphere data.

Meteorology data from Balaena Island Automatic Weather Station (300032), installed 1994 - location 66.017 S, 111.0833 E, 22.21 Nm NE of Casey, with a station height of 8.0m and a barometric height of 10m. Data collected from this AWS include: Wind speed and direction, wind gust, air temperature and barometric pressure.

Meteorology data from Snyder Rocks Automatic Weather Station (300033), Antarctica, installed 1994 - located at 66.55 S, 107.75 E, with a station height of 40m and a barometric height of 42m. Data collected include: air temperature, barometric pressure, wind speed, direction and gust.

Meteorology data from Law Dome Summit South Automatic Weather Station (300034), Antarctica, installed 1995 - location 66.717 S, 112.9333 E, with a station height of 1375.0 m. Data collected include: air pressure, air temperature, wind speed and direction.

Meteorology data from Casey(old) Station, Antarctica 1969 - 1989. Data collected include: temperature (maximum and minimum; dry bulb; wet bulb; dew point), air pressure, wind (direction,speed and maximum gust; run (greater than 3 m)), phenomena, sunshine, cloud, radiation (global,diffuse).

In 2022, the observed annual average maximum temperature in Australia reached 28.8 degrees Celsius. Overall, the annual average maximum temperature had increased compared to the temperature reported for 1901.

The Bureau of Meteorology provides the Australian and international maritime communities with weather forecasts, warnings and observations for coastal waters areas and high seas around Australia. …Show full descriptionThe Bureau of Meteorology provides the Australian and international maritime communities with weather forecasts, warnings and observations for coastal waters areas and high seas around Australia. Generally most of these services are provided routinely throughout the day, while marine weather warnings may be issued at any time when the need becomes apparent. Because of the complex nature of the sea, the Bureau of Meteorology uses advanced computer models to predict the physical characteristics of the ocean. These computer forecasts are used by meteorologists in the preparation of marine forecasts and warnings. The forecasts include wind, weather, sea and swell and are intended to describe the average conditions over specified areas. Marine forecasts have been enhanced by the inclusion of ocean currents and sea-surface temperature forecasts through the BLUElink ocean forecasting initiative. The Sea Surface Temperature Browse Service provides access to browse images (1:5 resolution) of satellite derived Daily Sea Surface Temperature data available from 30 December 1998. The Bureau currently uses measurements from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series of polar orbiting satellites to derive SSTs for the Australian region. The data is calibrated and quality controlled against SST data collected from ships and drifting buoys. The SSTs are used in real time operations and also archived as the data as part of Australia's National Climate Record. This record also provides links to BOM Ocean Analysis data including Daily/Weekly/Monthly records of Australian and Global Sea Surface and Subsurface Temperatures.

This record links to Bureau of Meteorology metadata for each State's latest "Precis forecast" information, available through an ftp download. The Bureau of Meteorology's "Precis forecast" product …Show full descriptionThis record links to Bureau of Meteorology metadata for each State's latest "Precis forecast" information, available through an ftp download. The Bureau of Meteorology's "Precis forecast" product (per State) contains the latest 7 day forecast, per location across that State, with daily projected values for temperature, rainfall and weather conditions. Data (7-day precis forecast data, for {{State}}) is available in XML format. (The plain text and html formats were withdrawn in Feb 2016) Place Names are the same, in the plain text, html and xml format files. The XML file uses the AAC location code (and location name), rather than the StationID code. The coordinates related to each AAC code/ location name, in the XML formatted file, are listed in the PointPlaces [IDM00013.*] data files, available from ftp://ftp.bom.gov.au/anon/home/adfd/spatial/IDM00013.dbf [open the dbf file, using Excel]. Note that the precis forecasts relate to an area surrounding the nominated location, the coordinates of which are intended to be the "centre of town" for that location ( as derived from Geoscience Australia's placename Gazetteer)". Data content As well as forecast values [per day, across 7 days] for minimum and maximum temperature, rainfall (range and probability), and a precis of expected weather conditions, each file contains information on when the file was created, and the timespan that a value applies to. User /Licence information The Bureau does not guarantee the availability of information on the ftp site. Please read how to access the Bureau ftp site and its structure. The Service Announcements page details changes to Bureau services. Use of data should be in accordance with the copyright notice and disclaimer. Secondary distribution of Bureau of Meteorology information currently freely available on the Bureau website and ftp sites requires formal permission. Correct attribution of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology as the source of Bureau information is an important component of any secondary distribution permission that may be granted. Where Bureau information is to be used on a website, permission for use of that information should be applied for by the website owner.

Proportionof the Australian Economic Zone experiencing record high sea surface temperatures 1981-2016. Includes three month running mean. Extreme SSTs calculated by comparing monthly SSTs with all other recorded monthly SSTs in the time series at a particular grid point. If the SST was higher than all other SSTs recorded for that grid point during that month, it was considered an extreme event.were Data used to re-create graph Figure MAR6 in Marine chapter of the 2016 State of the Environment Report. See; https://soe.environment.gov.au/theme/marine-environment/topic/2016/climate-change#marine-environment-figure-6

Data derived by CSIRO - metadata also at http://catalogue.aodn.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/metadata.show?uuid=cca8c5ce-4b21-406d-b20c-7b333f8e605c

Global Temperature: Daily Normal: Australia: Keith data was reported at 22.000 Degrees Celsius in 08 Feb 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of 22.000 Degrees Celsius for 07 Feb 2024. Global Temperature: Daily Normal: Australia: Keith data is updated daily, averaging 22.000 Degrees Celsius from Feb 2024 (Median) to 08 Feb 2024, with 2 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 22.000 Degrees Celsius in 08 Feb 2024 and a record low of 22.000 Degrees Celsius in 08 Feb 2024. Global Temperature: Daily Normal: Australia: Keith data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Climate Prediction Center. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.CPC.GT: Environmental: Global Temperature: Daily Normal.

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis, produced daily on an operational basis at the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) using optimal interpolation (OI) on a regional 1/12 degree grid over the Australian region (20N - 70S, 60E - 170W). This Regional Australian Multi-Sensor SST Analysis (RAMSSA) v1.0 system blends satellite SST observations from passive infrared and passive microwave radiometers, with in situ data from ships, Argo floats, XBTs, CTDs, drifting buoys and moorings from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). SST observations that have experienced recent surface wind speeds less than 6 m/s during the day or less than 2 m/s during night are rejected from the analysis. The processing results in daily foundation SST estimates that are largely free of nocturnal cooling and diurnal warming effects. Sea ice concentrations are supplied by the NOAA/NCEP 12.7 km sea ice analysis. In the absence of observations, the analysis relaxes to the BoM Global Weekly 1 degree OI SST analysis, which relaxes to the Reynolds and Smith (1994) Monthly 1 degree SST climatology for 1961 - 1990.

Abstract The dataset was derived by the Bioregional Assessment Programme from the national SILO data sets of climate station records. The parent dataset(s) is identified in the Lineage field in this metadata statement. The processes undertaken to produce this derived dataset are described in the History field in this metadata statement. Gippsland Product 2-1 Climate Data Geodatabase v01 This geodatabase contains the climate data used in the Gippsland Basin bioregion. The data was extracted …Show full descriptionAbstract The dataset was derived by the Bioregional Assessment Programme from the national SILO data sets of climate station records. The parent dataset(s) is identified in the Lineage field in this metadata statement. The processes undertaken to produce this derived dataset are described in the History field in this metadata statement. Gippsland Product 2-1 Climate Data Geodatabase v01 This geodatabase contains the climate data used in the Gippsland Basin bioregion. The data was extracted from the national SILO data sets for 199 climate stations in the Gippsland region. The geodatabase includes the following datasets (average daily values): climate zones, evaporation, radiation, rainfall, evapotranspiration, maximum temperature and minimum temperature. The data was produced using ANUClim software (Hutchinson, 2001), using the interpolation methods discussed in Jeffery et al., 2001. Purpose To spatially represent interpolated average daily minimum temprature (ºC) for the period 1957-2012- in Gippsland Dataset History For a given climate station daily climate data is a combination of original measurements and rectified data to remove any gaps in the record using interpolation methods discussed in Jeffery et al. (2001). To account for sparsely located climate stations within Gippsland, average daily minimum temperature were scaled to each solution point within the study area according to an interpolated average daily minimum temperature spatial layer, created using the ANUClim software (Hutchinson 2001). Dataset Citation Bioregional Assessment Programme (XXXX) Gippsland average daily minimum temperature. Bioregional Assessment Derived Dataset. Viewed 05 October 2018, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/26bd3c85-2262-4e6d-ae91-299672ff4526. Dataset Ancestors Derived From Gippsland Product 2.1 climate data geodatabase v01