This statistic illustrates the international building costs per square meter of internal area for residential properties in Paris, France as of 2019, broken down by the type of building. That year, the most expensive residential properties were high-rise apartments and individual detached houses - prestige with 2,074 euros per square meter in building costs.

The cost of construction index (CCI) for residential buildings in France has surged since 2020. In the first quarter of 2023, the cost of construction index (CCI) French residential buildings reached 2,077, up from 1,753 index points in the second quarter of 2020. The index measures the development of residential construction costs with 1952 chosen as a base year with an index value of 100. A value of 2,000 suggests that construction costs have risen 20 times since that year.

London and Munich were among the most expensive cities in Europe for the construction of warehouses in 2024, while advanced manufacturing facilities were the most expensive in Amsterdam. Meanwhile, among the selected cities, Paris had the lowest construction costs for warehouses. However, construction costs do not always follow the same trends as commercial real estate in Europe, with sale prices differing significantly in some cases. Warehouse take-up in Europe These high construction costs in the largest cities probably affect the take-up of large warehouses European cities. Instead, Birmingham in the United Kingdom (UK) came in first in 2023, with roughly 913,000 square meters of warehouse space spread throughout the municipality. Of the first ten entries, two werelocated in the UK, which makes it one of the most popular warehouse locations. Retail warehouse rental prices London was the UK region with the highest bix-box warehouse rent prices. As of the last quarter of 2023, roughly 28.5 British pounds were paid per square foot. This was more than twice the amount paid for the same type of buildings in the West Midlands. London was also the European city with the highest rent for warehouses, with Oslo and Helsinki following far behind.

Data for replication of main results in "The Direct Cost of Contaminated Brownfield Sites on Real Estate in France: A Quasi-Exhaustive Hedonic Price Analysis". The folder "data_estim" contains all necessary data to replicate all estimations in the article (see the R code "codes_cbs-cost") with three .csv files: dvf_estim.csv, dvfbasol_estim.csv and cell200_simulation.csv. The variable names in these files are as follow:

Identifier Variables:

- IDMUTATION: identifier for each transacted property

- comm_code: identifier for each commune defined in 2021

- admin_code: identifier for urban areas defined in 2021

- iris2014_code: identifier for each neighborhood defined in 2014

- cell200_code: identifier for each 200-meters gredded cells

- dvf_x: longitude of each transacted property (EPSG: 2154, Lambert-93, RGF93)

- dvf_y: latitude of each transacted property (EPSG: 2154, Lambert-93, RGF93)

- basol_code: identifier for each CBS (only reported in dvfbasol_estim.csv)

- anneemut: year of transaction for each property

Dependent Variable:

- pm2: price in euro per square meter of transacted properties

Interest Variables:

- areaha_basol250: area in hectare of CBS between 0 and 250 meters from transacted property

- areaha_basol500: area in hectare of CBS between 250 and 500 meters from transacted property

- areaha_basol1000: area in hectare of CBS between 500 and 1000 meters from transacted property

- areaha_basol2000: area in hectare of CBS between 1000 and 2000 meters from transacted property

- areaha_basol3000: area in hectare of CBS between 2000 and 3000 meters from transacted property

- area250_indpro: area in hectare of CBS with industrial manufacturing activities between 0 and 250 meters from transacted property

- area500_indpro: area in hectare of CBS with industrial manufacturing activities between 250 and 500 meters from transacted property

- area1000_indpro: area in hectare of CBS with industrial manufacturing activities between 500 and 1000 meters from transacted property

- area2000_indpro: area in hectare of CBS with industrial manufacturing activities between 1000 and 2000 meters from transacted property

- area3000_indpro: area in hectare of CBS with industrial manufacturing activities between 2000 and 3000 meters from transacted property

- area250_indoth: area in hectare of CBS with industrial non-manufacturing activities (extractive) between 0 and 250 meters from transacted property

- area500_indoth: area in hectare of CBS with industrial non-manufacturing activities (extractive) between 250 and 500 meters from transacted property

- area1000_indoth: area in hectare of CBS with industrial non-manufacturing activities (extractive) between 500 and 1000 meters from transacted property

- area2000_indoth: area in hectare of CBS with industrial non-manufacturing activities (extractive) between 1000 and 2000 meters from transacted property

- area3000_indoth: area in hectare of CBS with industrial non-manufacturing activities (extractive) between 2000 and 3000 meters from transacted property

- area250_othact: area in hectare of CBS with other or unknown activities between 0 and 250 meters from transacted property

- area500_othact: area in hectare of CBS with other or unknown activities between 250 and 500 meters from transacted property

- area1000_othact: area in hectare of CBS with other or unknown activities between 500 and 1000 meters from transacted property

- area2000_othact: area in hectare of CBS with other or unknown activities between 1000 and 2000 meters from transacted property

- area3000_othact: area in hectare of CBS with other or unknown activities between 2000 and 3000 meters from transacted property

- areaha_specific250: area in hectare of CBS specific to a unique CBS between 0 and 250 meters from transacted property (only reported in dvfbasol_estim.csv)

- areaha_specific500: area in hectare of CBS specific to a unique CBS between 250 and 500 meters from transacted property (only reported in dvfbasol_estim.csv)

- areaha_specific1000: area in hectare of CBS specific to a unique CBS between 500 and 1000 meters from transacted property (only reported in dvfbasol_estim.csv)

- areaha_specific2000: area in hectare of CBS specific to a unique CBS between 1000 and 2000 meters from transacted property (only reported in dvfbasol_estim.csv)

Robustness Variables:

- pm2mean_iris: average transaction price per square meter of neighborhood IRIS

- shpoorhouse: share in percentage of poor households

- dvfschool_nb250: number of schools within 250 meters of property

- dvfschool_nb500: number of schools within 500 meters of property

- dvfschool_nb1000: number of schools within 1000 meters of property

- dvfschool_nb2000: number of schools within 2000 meters of property

- dvfschool_nb3000: number of schools within 3000 meters of property

- dvfroad_nb250: number of road connections within 250 meters of property

- dvfroad_nb500: number of road connections within 500 meters of property

- dvfroad_nb1000: number of road connections within 1000 meters of property

- dvfroad_nb2000: number of road connections within 2000 meters of property

- dvfroad_nb3000: number of road connections within 30000 meters of property

- dvfrail_nb250: number of railway stations within 250 meters of property

- dvfrail_nb500: number of railway stations within 500 meters of property

- dvfrail_nb1000: number of railway stations within 1000 meters of property

- dvfrail_nb2000: number of railway stations within 2000 meters of property

- dvfrail_nb3000: number of railway stations within 3000 meters of property

Control Variables:

- center_dist: distance in kilometers of transacted property from urban area center

- sterr: surface area in square meter of parcel of each property

- sbati: surface area in square meter of building surfaces

- vente_cla: transaction through a classical process (binary variable)

- vente_adj: transaction through adjudicated process (binary variable)

- vente_ech: transaction through special exchange process (binary variable)

- vente_exp: transaction through expropriation process (binary variable)

- vente_efa: transaction before completion (binary variable)

- nblocmai: number of houses in each transaction

- nblocapt: number of apartments in each transaction

- nblocdep: number of building dependencies in each transaction

- nblocact: number of properties for commercial purpose in each transaction

- nbapt1pp: number of apartment with 1 room in each transaction

- nbapt2pp: number of apartment with 2 rooms in each transaction

- nbapt3pp: number of apartment with 3 rooms in each transaction

- nbapt4pp: number of apartment with 4 rooms in each transaction

- nbapt5pp: number of apartment with 5 and more rooms in each transaction

- nbmai1pp: number of house with 1 room in each transaction

- nbmai2pp: number of house with 2 rooms in each transaction

- nbmai3pp: number of house with 3 rooms in each transaction

- nbmai4pp: number of house with 4 rooms in each transaction

- nbmai5pp: number of house with 5 and more rooms in each transaction

- pm2mean_comm: average transaction price in euro per square meter of commune

- dvfmonument_nb500: number of historical monuments between 0 and 500 meters from transacted property

- dvfmonument_nb1000: number of historical monuments between 500 and 1000 meters from transacted property

- dvfmonument_nb2000: number of historical monuments between 1000 and 2000 meters from transacted property

- dvfindus_nb500: number of active industrial sites between 0 and 500 meters from transacted property

- dvfindus_nb1000: number of active industrial sites between 500 and 1000 meters from transacted property

- dvfindus_nb2000: number of active industrial sites between 1000 and 2000 meters from transacted property

- sh_apt: share of apartments in neighborhood IRIS

- sh_1945: share in percentage of properties with a building age before 1945

- sh_1970: share in percentage of properties with a building age before 1970

- sh_1990: share in percentage of properties with a building age before 1990

- sh_ap90: share in percentage of properties with a building age between 1990 and 2015

- sh_2015: share in percentage of properties with a building age after 2015

- clc1000_urbanhousing: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with housing

- clc1000_urbanpark: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with urban parks

- clc1000_recreation: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with recreative activities

- clc1000_industrial: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with industrial activities

- clc1000_transport: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with transport infrastructures

- clc1000_nature: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with natural land use

- clc1000_agr: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with agricultural land use

- clc1000_forest: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with forest

- clc1000_water: share in percentage of land within 1000 meters of transacted properties with water

France was the country with the highest number of construction starts of homes in 2023, followed by Germany, Poland, and the United Kingdom. There were at least 140,000 housing construction projects starting and a similar number of projects being completed that year. Meanwhile, Bosnia and Herzegovina had less than 3,000 construction completions, and Hungary had 18,500 home completions in 2023. A hiccup in residential construction in Poland Not only was Poland amongst the countries with the most homes built on overall terms, but, along with Ireland, it also had the most housing completions per capita in Europe. That was despite the number of housing units completed in Poland declining significantly in 2023. Nevertheless, the trend in residential construction has been very positive in the past years, rising from under 144,000 in 2014 to slightly under 238,500 in 2022.

France’s capital region had the busiest residential construction segment France had one of the largest construction sectors in Europe.Although the construction starts of residential and commercial buildings in France decreased in 2023, they still covered nearly 46 million square meters. Most of that corresponded to housing. However, that activity was unevenly distributed across the country. The revenue of the building construction and renovation industry in Île-de-France was nearly twice higher than that of the second region in the ranking.

Ile-de-France, the region where Paris is located, was the French territory with the highest construction land prices in 2023. The French overseas regions (DROM) ranked third in the list, with an average price of 175 euros per square meter.

Building 5-star hotels in some of the major European cities in 2023 was significantly more expensive than 3-star hotels. Among the cities included here, London was by far the city with the highest hotel construction costs for both types of buildings. Meanwhile, Paris had significantly lower construction prices.