Housing Index in the United Kingdom increased to 517.10 points in October from 514.20 points in September of 2025. This dataset provides - United Kingdom House Price Index - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

House prices in the UK rose dramatically during the coronavirus pandemic, with growth slowing down in 2022 and turning negative in 2023. The year-on-year annual house price change peaked at 14 percent in July 2022. In April 2025, house prices increased by 3.5 percent. As of late 2024, the average house price was close to 290,000 British pounds. Correction in housing prices: a European phenomenon The trend of a growing residential real estate market was not exclusive to the UK during the pandemic. Likewise, many European countries experienced falling prices in 2023. When comparing residential property RHPI (price index in real terms, e.g. corrected for inflation), countries such as Germany, France, Italy, and Spain also saw prices decline. Sweden, one of the countries with the fastest growing residential markets, saw one of the largest declines in prices. How has demand for UK housing changed since the outbreak of the coronavirus? The easing of the lockdown was followed by a dramatic increase in home sales. In November 2020, the number of mortgage approvals reached an all-time high of over 107,000. One of the reasons for the housing boom were the low mortgage rates, allowing home buyers to take out a loan with an interest rate as low as 2.5 percent. That changed as the Bank of England started to raise the base lending rate, resulting in higher borrowing costs and a decline in homebuyer sentiment.

This is the monthly trend data on apartment sales prices and average sales prices provided by the Korea Real Estate Board (formerly Korea Appraisal Board) from the National Housing Price Trend Survey.

United States PCE: PI: Less Formula Effect: Housing data was reported at 0.000 Point in May 2013. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 Point for Apr 2013. United States PCE: PI: Less Formula Effect: Housing data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 Point from Jan 2002 (Median) to May 2013, with 137 observations. United States PCE: PI: Less Formula Effect: Housing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bureau of Economic Analysis. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.A273: NIPA 2009: PCE Price Index and CPI Reconciliation.

AT: CPI: Local Source Base Year: All Items data was reported at 120.267 2020=100 in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 111.550 2020=100 for 2022. AT: CPI: Local Source Base Year: All Items data is updated yearly, averaging 55.823 2020=100 from Dec 1958 (Median) to 2023, with 66 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 120.267 2020=100 in 2023 and a record low of 14.452 2020=100 in 1958. AT: CPI: Local Source Base Year: All Items data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Austria – Table AT.OECD.MEI: Consumer Price Index: COICOP 1999: OECD Member: Annual. The Austrian CPI measure price changes in a fixed basket of goods and services bought in Austria for the purpose of consumption by all Austrian households, foreign visitors and residents in institutional households. The prices used in the CPI calculation are the transaction prices actually paid by consumers including taxes less any general discounts, rebates or subsidies. Method of collection: Personal visits and mail questionnaire, paper collection forms, centrally collected prices by mail and telephone. Treatment of rentals for housing: Apartments rent abroad are included. Treatment of Owner-Occupied Housing: Regular payments for Owner occupied flats are included (payment approach), initial payments are excluded. House construction goods and services and major repairs are included. The purchase of a house and other real estate (land prices, housing agents) are not included. Treatment of missing prices: Prices are adjusted by the rate of change of the other price observations of the same product. If product offers are not available any more a new product offer is selected as replacement immediately after three months at latest. Treatment of quality changes: Quantity adjustment for food, Expert Judgment adjustment method e.g. for clothing, Option pricing method for durables and cars, Hedonic method for notebooks. Introduction of new products: New products are selected with respect to demand (turnover) and availability and they are introduced every December. New models and varieties are implemented by replacement as soon as they become relevant. Treatment of seasonal items: When a product offer disappears for seasonal non-availability, it is not replaced but its price relative is excluded from calculation. The index is then calculated with the rest of available prices. If the seasonal variety becomes available again the respective price relative is included in the calculation again (after potential quality adjustment). For a minority of products which would not at all be available in whole Austria the last prices are carried forward (e.g. schools and theatres in summer or public baths in winter).; Index series starts in January 1958

The Chinese economy has undergone a long-term transition reform, but there is still a planned economy characteristic in the financial sector, which is financial repression. Due to the existence of financial repression, China’s actual interest rate level should be lower than the Consumer Price Index (CPI). However, based on official China’s interest rates and CPI, over half of the years China’s actual interest rate remained higher than CPI by our calculation from 1999 to 2022. This is inconsistent with the financial repression that exists in China, and the main reason is the calculation methods of China’s CPI. China’s CPI measurement system originated from the planned economy era, which did not fully consider the rise in housing purchase prices, so the current CPI measurement system can be more realistically presented by taking the rise in housing prices into consider. The core idea of this study is to mining relevant official statistical data and calculate the proportion of Chinese residents’ expenditure on purchasing houses to their total expenditure. By taking the proportion of house purchases as the weight of house price factor, and taking the proportion of other consumption as the weight of official CPI, the Generalized CPI (GCPI) is formulated. The GCPI is then compared with market interest rates to determine the actual interest rate situation in China over the past 20 years. This study has found that if GCPI is used as a measure, China’s real interest rates have been negative for most years since 1999. Chinese residents have suffered the negative effects of financial repression over the past 20 years, and their property income cannot keep up with the actual losses caused by inflation. Therefore, it is believed that China’s CPI calculation method should be adjusted to take into account the rise in housing prices, so China’s actual inflation level could be more accurately reflected. In view of the above, deepening interest rate marketization reform and expand channels for financial investment are the future development goals of China’s financial system.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food, and medical care. It is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket and averaging them. Prices are collected periodically, and the CPI is often used to measure inflation, reflecting the cost of living. The CPI is typically set against a base year. The index is set to 100 in the base year, and changes in the CPI indicate price changes compared to that year. A typical household might purchase a wide range of products and services. Items in the basket are weighted according to their importance or share in total household spending. The Inflation Rate is the percentage increase in the general level of prices for goods and services over a period of time. It indicates how much prices have risen over a specific period, typically a year. Higher inflation decreases the purchasing power of money, meaning consumers can buy less with the same amount of money.It reflects the overall health of an economy. Moderate inflation is expected in a growing economy, but hyperinflation can indicate economic instability. The Inflation Rate is calculated using the following formula: Inflation Rate (%) = ((CPI in Current Year−CPI in Previous Year)/ (CPI in Previous Year))×100

The Chinese economy has undergone a long-term transition reform, but there is still a planned economy characteristic in the financial sector, which is financial repression. Due to the existence of financial repression, China’s actual interest rate level should be lower than the Consumer Price Index (CPI). However, based on official China’s interest rates and CPI, over half of the years China’s actual interest rate remained higher than CPI by our calculation from 1999 to 2022. This is inconsistent with the financial repression that exists in China, and the main reason is the calculation methods of China’s CPI. China’s CPI measurement system originated from the planned economy era, which did not fully consider the rise in housing purchase prices, so the current CPI measurement system can be more realistically presented by taking the rise in housing prices into consider. The core idea of this study is to mining relevant official statistical data and calculate the proportion of Chinese residents’ expenditure on purchasing houses to their total expenditure. By taking the proportion of house purchases as the weight of house price factor, and taking the proportion of other consumption as the weight of official CPI, the Generalized CPI (GCPI) is formulated. The GCPI is then compared with market interest rates to determine the actual interest rate situation in China over the past 20 years. This study has found that if GCPI is used as a measure, China’s real interest rates have been negative for most years since 1999. Chinese residents have suffered the negative effects of financial repression over the past 20 years, and their property income cannot keep up with the actual losses caused by inflation. Therefore, it is believed that China’s CPI calculation method should be adjusted to take into account the rise in housing prices, so China’s actual inflation level could be more accurately reflected. In view of the above, deepening interest rate marketization reform and expand channels for financial investment are the future development goals of China’s financial system.

Housing Index in Ireland increased to 201.20 points in September from 199.50 points in August of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Ireland Residential Property Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

What is rent indexation? Every year, on the date on which the contract entered into force, the rent for your accommodation may be adjusted to the cost of living. Until December 1993, this indexation was always based on the fluctuations of the consumer price index. From January 1994 onward, the health index became the mandatory basis. Which lease agreements are eligible? Signed Written lease agreement Oral lease agreement Before 28th February 1991 Indexation if both parties provided this Between 28th February 1991 and 31st May 1997 allowed After 31st May 1997 allowed except when excluded in agreement indexation not allowed How is the rent indexation calculated? basic rent (2) X new index (3) The indexed rent = ———————————————— initial index (1) The lease agreement entered into force before 1st January 1984 The lease agreement entered into force on or after 1st January 1984 The lease agreement entered into force on or after 1st January 2019 for a main residence in the Flemish Region agreement signed before 1/01/1981 agreement signed between 1/01/1981 and 31/12/1983 agreement signed before 1/02/1994 agreement signed on or after 1/02/1994 agreement signed on or after 01/01/2019 (1) initial index= December 82 (82,54) (1) initial index= index of the month preceding the adjustment or entry into force of the agreement in 1983 (1) initial index= index of the month proceding the signature signature of the agreement (1) initial index= health index of the month preceding the signature of agreemeent (1) initial index= health index of the month preceding entry into force of the contract or the rent review (2) basic rent = rent: - set by court order - failing such court order, basic rent used in the calculation of the indexed rent in 1990 - failing this, last rent paid in 1983. (2) basic rent = agreed rent (3) new index = the (health) index of the month preceding the anniversary of the entry into force of the agreement Source: FPS Justice, Brussels Housing Code, Walloon Decree on Housing Leases and Flemish Housing Rental Decree Calculate your rent yourself More information Following the 6th state reform, rent indexation has become a regional competence. Since 1st January 2018, 15th March 2018 and 1st January 2019, respectively, new regulations on rent have come into force in the Brussels-Capital Region, in the Walloon Region and in the Flemish Region (Brussels Housing Code, Walloon Decree on Housing Leases and Flemish Housing Rental Decree). If these texts do not regulate a particular aspect of tenancy, the federal legislation on leases is applicable (see the brochure on the law on rents published by the FPS Justice). In concrete terms, only the Flemish Region has modified the indexation calculation. For contracts concluded after the 1st January 2019, the initial index is now the health index of the month preceding the entry into force of the contract, while previously, it was the health index of the month preceding the signature of the lease. For questions on the indexation For questions on legal aspects Statbel (FPS Economy) North Gate - Koning Albert II-laan 16 1000 Brussels Tel. : +32 [0]800 120 33 (9:00 - 17:00) e-mail : ind@economie.fgov.be Flanders https://www.wonenvlaanderen.be/een-woning-huren https://www.woninghuur.vlaanderen/huurdecreet-vanaf-01012019 Wallonia http://lampspw.wallonie.be/dgo4/site_logement/contacts#dept Brussels https://www.belgium.be/en/housing/renting_a_home https://www.baliebrussel.be/nl/kosteloze-rechtshulp/juridische-tweedelijnsbijstand Justitiehuizen Wallonië en Brussel Vlaams Gewest

Inflation is an important measure of any country’s economy, and the Retail Price Index (RPI) is one of the most widely used indicators in the United Kingdom, with the rate expected to have reached an annual average of 4.3 percent in 2025, compared with 3.6 percent in 2024. This followed 2022, when RPI inflation reached a rate of 11.6 percent, by far the highest annual rate during this provided time period. CPI vs RPI Although the Retail Price Index is a commonly utilized inflation indicator, the UK also uses a newer method of calculating inflation, the Consumer Price Index. The CPI, along with the CPIH (Consumer Price Index including owner occupiers' housing costs) are usually preferred by the UK government, but the RPI is still used in certain instances. Increases in rail fares for example, are calculated using the RPI, while increases in pension payments are calculated using CPI, when this is used as the uprating factor. The use of one inflation measure over the other can therefore have a significant impact on people’s lives in the UK. High inflation eases in 2024 Like the Retail Price Index, the Consumer Price Index inflation rate also reached a recent peak in October 2022. In that month, prices were rising by 11.1 percent and did not fall below double figures until April 2023. This fall was largely due to slower price increases in key sectors such as energy, which drove a significant amount of the 2022 wave of inflation. Inflation nevertheless remains elevated, fueled not only by high food inflation, but also by underlying core inflation. As of February 2025, the overall CPI inflation rate was 2.8 percent, although an uptick in inflation is expected later in the year, with a rate of 3.7 percent forecast for the third quarter of the year.