In 2024, the annual household consumption expenditure in India amounted to **** trillion U.S. dollars. This was an increase as compared to the previous year, when the annual household consumption expenditure amounted to just over **** trillion U.S. dollars. Household consumption expenditure is the market value of goods and services purchased by households, including slow-moving consumer goods (computers, cars, and washing machines).

The above data pertains to India and includes information about the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as the Household Consumption Expenditure. The data covers the time period between 1990 and 2019, providing insights into the trends and changes in these economic indicators over a span of 29 years. This information can be used to analyze and understand the economic development of India during this time period.

Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$) in India was reported at 2405795557862 USD in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Household final consumption expenditure - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Key information about India Private Consumption Expenditure

• India Private Consumption Expenditure was reported at 610.063 USD bn in Sep 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 606.155 USD bn for Jun 2025.
• India Private Consumption Expenditure data is updated quarterly, averaging 257.935 USD bn from Jun 1996 to Sep 2025, with 118 observations.
• The data reached an all-time high of 655.485 USD bn in Dec 2024 and a record low of 59.752 USD bn in Sep 1996.
• India Private Consumption Expenditure data remains in an active status in CEIC and is reported by CEIC Data.
• The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Global Economic Monitor – Table: Nominal GDP: Private Consumption Expenditure: USD: Quarterly.

CEIC converts quarterly Private Consumption Expenditure into USD. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation provides Private Consumption Expenditure in local currency based on SNA 2008, at 2011-2012 prices. Federal Reserve Board average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Private Consumption Expenditure prior to Q2 2011 is based on a combination of SNA 2008 and SNA 1993, at 2004-2005 prices and prior to Q2 2004 is based on SNA 1993, at 1999-2000 prices.

In 2023, food and non-alcoholic drink sector held the highest share of **** percent for household consumption expenditure across all sectors in India. Furthermore, Indian states such as Punjab and Kerala reported the highest monthly consumption expenditure per household during the same year.

In 2023, the average monthly consumption expenditure per household across India was the highest in Punjab, a north Indian state, valued at more than **** thousand Indian rupees. This was followed by Kerala with over ** thousand Indian rupees in the same year.

Abstract

The National Sample Surveys (NSS) are being conducted by the Government of India since 1950 to collect socio-economic data employing scientific sampling methods. The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) is designed to collect information on consumption of goods and services by the households. Information collected in HCES is used for analyzing and understanding the consumption and expenditure pattern, standard of living and well-being of the households. Besides, the data of the survey provides budget shares of different commodity groups that is used for preparation of the weighting diagram for compilation of official Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The data collected in HCES is also utilized for deriving various other macroeconomic indicators.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access. Total 15016 FSUs was surveyed for the central sample at all-India level.

Analysis unit

Households and Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A multistage stratified sampling design, considering villages/urban blocks as the first stage units has been used in the survey. The households are the ultimate stage units. Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR) method is used for selecting the samples.

In order to ensure proper representation of households of different economic categories, all the households of a selected village/urban block are classified into three groups depending on a criterion based on (i) land possessed in rural areas and (ii) possession of car in urban areas as on the date of the survey. A total of 18 households with proportional representation from the three groups have been selected.

Note: The details of survey methodology and estimation procedure are provided in Appendix B of the survey report “Survey on Household Consumption Expenditure: 2022-23”.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In the HCES 2022–23, the consumption basket was categorized into three broad groups: (i) Food items, (ii) Consumables and Services, and (iii) Durable Goods. Based on this classification, three separate questionnaires were developed: the Food Questionnaire (FDQ), the Consumables and Services Questionnaire (CSQ), and the Durable Goods Questionnaire (DGQ). These were administered to selected households across three consecutive monthly visits, with each visit focusing on a different category.

Additionally, a separate Household Characteristics Questionnaire (HCQ) was used to collect demographic and other background information about the household members.

To minimize any potential bias from the order of questionnaire administration, the survey employed all six possible sequences of the three main questionnaires:

(FDQ, CSQ, DGQ)

(FDQ, DGQ, CSQ)

(CSQ, FDQ, DGQ)

(CSQ, DGQ, FDQ)

(DGQ, FDQ, CSQ)

(DGQ, CSQ, FDQ)

This approach ensured that no particular sequencing influenced the results.

HCE: Monthly per Capita Consumer Expenditure: Average: Bihar: Rural data was reported at 1,004.980 INR in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 681.030 INR for 2010. HCE: Monthly per Capita Consumer Expenditure: Average: Bihar: Rural data is updated yearly, averaging 417.110 INR from Jun 1994 (Median) to 2012, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,004.980 INR in 2012 and a record low of 218.300 INR in 1994. HCE: Monthly per Capita Consumer Expenditure: Average: Bihar: Rural data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Domestic Trade and Household Survey – Table IN.HB: HCES: Uniform Reference Period (URP): Average Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE): by Item Group: Bihar: Rural (Discontinued).

Actual value and historical data chart for India Household Final Consumption Expenditure Annual Percent Growth

India: Household consumption as percent of GDP: The latest value from 2024 is 61.49 percent, an increase from 60.19 percent in 2023. In comparison, the world average is 66.87 percent, based on data from 102 countries. Historically, the average for India from 1960 to 2024 is 68.99 percent. The minimum value, 54.72 percent, was reached in 2010 while the maximum of 87.38 percent was recorded in 1960.

Abstract

The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) is designed to collect information on consumption of goods and services by the households. Information collected in HCES is used for analyzing and understanding the consumption and expenditure pattern, standard of living and well-being of the households. Besides, the data of the survey provides budget shares of different commodity groups that is used for preparation of the weighting diagram for compilation of official Consumer Price Indices (CPIs). The data collected in HCES is also utilized for deriving various other macroeconomic indicators.

Geographic coverage

8,684 FSUs in the rural areas and 6,143 in the urban areas have been surveyed in HCES:2023-24. The total sample size of 14,827FSUs has been allocated to State/UTs in proportion to Census 2011 population, subject to a minimum allocation of 40 FSUs.

Analysis unit

Households and Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The most recent Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES), previously known as the Household Consumer Expenditure Survey, was conducted from August 2023 to July 2024. Data was collected from each selected household using three separate questionnaires—FDQ (Food Items), CSQ (Consumables & Services), and DGQ (Durable Items)—administered during three distinct monthly visits within a quarter. In addition, a separate questionnaire, HCQ, was used to gather information on household characteristics.

The HCES 2023–24 employed a multi-stage stratified sampling design. The First Stage Units (FSUs) were villages or urban blocks (or their sub-units), and the Ultimate Stage Units (USUs) were the households. Both FSUs and USUs were selected using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Within each FSU, 18 sample households were surveyed.

The survey period was divided into 10 panels, each spanning three months. In the first month of each panel, the HCQ questionnaire and one of the three main questionnaires (FDQ, CSQ, or DGQ) were administered to the selected households. The remaining two questionnaires were administered in the second and third months, respectively. The order of administering the FDQ, CSQ, and DGQ was randomized for each FSU to avoid sequencing bias. All six possible permutations of the three questionnaires—(FDQ, CSQ, DGQ), (FDQ, DGQ, CSQ), (CSQ, FDQ, DGQ), (CSQ, DGQ, FDQ), (DGQ, FDQ, CSQ), and (DGQ, CSQ, FDQ)—were used across the sample households.

For the urban sector, the sampling frame consisted of Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks from the latest UFS. For the rural sector, it comprised villages listed in the 2011 Census, excluding those reclassified as urban in the latest UFS at the time of sample selection. To maintain uniformity in FSU size and facilitate operational convenience, large villages or UFS blocks were sometimes subdivided into smaller, roughly equal units—referred to as sub-units—based on predefined criteria, such as population size or the number of households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

In the HCES 2023–24, the consumption basket was categorized into three broad groups: (i) Food items, (ii) Consumables and Services, and (iii) Durable Goods. Based on this classification, three separate questionnaires were developed: the Food Questionnaire (FDQ), the Consumables and Services Questionnaire (CSQ), and the Durable Goods Questionnaire (DGQ). These were administered to selected households across three consecutive monthly visits, with each visit focusing on a different category.

Additionally, a separate Household Characteristics Questionnaire (HCQ) was used to collect demographic and other background information about the household members.

To minimize any potential bias from the order of questionnaire administration, the survey employed all six possible sequences of the three main questionnaires:

(FDQ, CSQ, DGQ)

(FDQ, DGQ, CSQ)

(CSQ, FDQ, DGQ)

(CSQ, DGQ, FDQ)

(DGQ, FDQ, CSQ)

(DGQ, CSQ, FDQ)

This approach ensured that no particular sequencing influenced the results.

Actual value and historical data chart for India Household Final Consumption Expenditure PPP Us Dollar

HCE: Number of Sample Households Reporting Consumption: Manipur: Rural: Food: Salt data was reported at 1,360.000 Unit in 2012. This records a decrease from the previous number of 1,368.000 Unit for 2010. HCE: Number of Sample Households Reporting Consumption: Manipur: Rural: Food: Salt data is updated yearly, averaging 1,364.000 Unit from Jun 1994 (Median) to 2012, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,173.000 Unit in 2005 and a record low of 998.000 Unit in 1994. HCE: Number of Sample Households Reporting Consumption: Manipur: Rural: Food: Salt data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Domestic Trade and Household Survey – Table IN.HB058: HCES: Uniform Reference Period (URP): Average Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE): by Item Group: Manipur: Rural (Discontinued).

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) conducts regular consumer expenditure surveys as part of its "rounds", each round being normally of a year's duration and covering more than one subject of study. The surveys are conducted through household interviews, using a random sample of households covering practically the entire geographical area of the country. Surveys on consumer expenditure are being conducted quinquennially on a large sample of households from the 27th round (October 1972 - September 1973) onwards. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. The imputed rent of owner-occupied houses is excluded from consumption expenditure. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. The schedule also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member. The third quinquennial survey on household consumer expenditure was carried out during January-December, 1983. A three-digit code system, for identification of each item of consumer expenditure, has been introduced in this round: the hundreds and tens place indicates a broad division of items; the hundreds and tens place together specify a group of items and all the three digits together indicates a particular item. In the system of code structure introduced here, an item code ending with 9 represents 'others' that is any item not classified under the particular group. Similarly, a code with 'O' in the units place would be identified as a sub-total item.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had 12 blocks. Summary description of the schedule 1.0 on consumer expenditure is given below.

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed and cultivated, type of dwelling etc. are recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this Block the detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. are recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and consumption of food, pan, tobacco, intoxicants and fuel & light during the last 30 days are recorded.

Block-6: Consumption of clothing during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-7: Consumption of footwear during the last 30 and 365 days is recorded in this block.

Block-8 : Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services and rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block-9 : Expenditure for purchase of durable goods and selected miscellaneous goods and services (not included in block 8) for domestic use is recorded here.

Block-10 : Particulars of dwelling units are recorded in this block.

Block-11 : Perception of the household regarding sufficiency of food is recorded in this block.

Block-12 : Summary of consumer expenditure during last 30 days is recorded in this block.

HCE: Monthly per Capita Consumer Expenditure: Average: India: Urban data was reported at 2,399.240 INR in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,785.810 INR for 2010. HCE: Monthly per Capita Consumer Expenditure: Average: India: Urban data is updated yearly, averaging 755.200 INR from Jun 1978 (Median) to 2012, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,399.240 INR in 2012 and a record low of 96.150 INR in 1978. HCE: Monthly per Capita Consumer Expenditure: Average: India: Urban data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Domestic Trade and Household Survey – Table IN.HB017: HCES: Uniform Reference Period (URP): Average Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE): by Item Group: Urban (Discontinued).

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Office has been regularly carriying out the survey on consumer expenditure covering all India as part of National Sample Survey (NSS).

The field operations of the 53rd NSS round started on 1st January 1997 and continued up to 31st December 1997. The household consumer expenditure schedule, used for the survey, collected information on quantity and value of household consumption with a reference period of "last 30 days" for some items of consumption.

Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. To minimize recall errors, a very detailed item classification is adopted to collect information, including items of food, items of fuel, items of clothing, bedding and footwear, items of educational and medical expenses, items of durable goods and other items. The schedule has also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level, etc. of each household member. The schedule design for the survey is more or less similar to that adopted in the previous rounds.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except Ladakh and Kargil districts of J & K, 768 interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms of the bus route and 195 villages of A & N Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year.

Analysis unit

• households
• members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A stratified two-stage design is adopted for the current round. The first-stage units are census villages in the rural sector (panchayat wards in case of Kerala) and the NSSO urban frame survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The second-stage units are households in both sectors.

SAMPLING FRAME FOR FIRST STAGE UNITS The lists of census villages of 1991 census (1981 census list for J & K ) constitute the sampling frame for the rural sector. For Kerala, however, the list of panchayat wards has been used as the sampling frame for selection of panchayat wards in the rural sector. For Nagaland, the villages located within 5 kms. of a bus route constitute the sampling frame whereas, for Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the list of 'accessible' villages constitutes the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the lists of NSSO Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks have been considered as the sampling frame.

STRATIFICATION RURAL: In the rural sector, each district is treated as a separate stratum. However, if the 1991 census population of the district is greater than or equal to 2 million (1.8 million population as per 1981 census for J & K) , the districts is split into two or more strata, by grouping contiguous thesis to form strata. In Gujarat, in the case of districts extending over more than one NSS region, the part of a district falling within each NSS region forms a separate stratum.

URBAN: In the urban sector, strata are formed, within each NSS region, by grouping towns on the basis of the population size class of towns.

The total number of sampling units (i.e. villages and blocks) to be surveyed in the present round was fixed at 13,224 for the Central sample and 14,876 for the State sample.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The data for this survey is collected in the NSS Schedule 1.0 used for household consumer expenditure. For this round, the schedule had the following blocks:

Blocks 1 and 2 - are similar to the ones used in usual NSS rounds. These are used to record identification of sample households and particulars of field operations.

Block-3: Household characteristics like, household size, principal industry-occupation, social group, land possessed, primary source of energy used for cooking and lighting etc. have been recorded in this block.

Block-4: In this block detailed demographic particulars including age, sex, educational level, marital status, number of meals usually taken in a day etc. has been recorded.

Block-5: In this block cash purchase and household consumption of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the last 30 days have been recorded.

Block-5.1: In this block cash purchase and household consumption of fuel and light during the last 30 days have been recorded.

Block-6: Monthly household consumption of clothing has been recorded in this block.

Block-7: Monthly household consumption of footwear has been recorded in this block.

Block-8 : Household expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services and rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block-8.1 : Monthly household expenditure on education and medical (institutional) goods and services has been recorded here.

Block-8.2 : Monthly household expenditure on medical (non-institutional) goods and services has been recorded here.

Block-9 : Monthly household expenditure for purchase and construction (including repairs) of durable goods for domestic use has been recorded here.

Block-10 : Perception of households regarding sufficiency of food has been recorded here.

Block-12 : Summary of household consumer expenditure has been recorded here.

Abstract

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) has been carrying out All-India surveys on consumer expenditure. While some of these smaller-scale surveys are spread over a full year and others over six months only, the quinquennial (full-scale) surveys have all been of a full year's duration. Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure. To minimise recall errors, a very detailed item classification is adopted to collect information, including items of food, items of fuel, items of clothing, bedding and footwear, items of educational and medical expenses, items of durable goods and other items. The schedule has also collected some other household particulars including age, sex and educational level etc. of each household member.

Geographic coverage

The survey covers the whole of the Indian Union excepting (i) Ladakh & Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir, (ii) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond 5 kms. of a bus route & (iii) villages of Andaman & Nicobar Islands remaining inaccessible throughout the year. All the villages of the country, uninhabited according to 1991 census, are also left out of the survey coverage of the NSS 55th round.

Analysis unit

Randomly selected households based on sampling procedure and members of the household

Universe

The survey used the interview method of data collection from a sample of randomly selected households and members of the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

An outline of sampling design: A stratified sampling design has been adopted for selection of the sample first-stage units (FSU's). The FSU's are villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) for rural areas and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks for urban areas. The Ultimate stage units (USU's) are enterprises for schedule 2.0 and households for schedule 1.0/ 10/ 10.1, which are selected by the method of circular systematic sampling from the corresponding frame in the FSU. Large FSU's are subdivided into hamlet groups (rural)/ sub-blocks (urban), that are grouped into two segments, and USU's are selected independently from each of these segments.

Sampling Frame: List of villages (panchayat wards for Kerala) as per 1991Census and latest lists of UFS blocks are respectively used for selection of rural and urban sample FSU's. For selection of sample villages from the State of Jammu & Kashmir, list of villages as per 1981Census has been used as the sampling frame.

Sample size (FSU's):
A total number of 10,384 FSU's were selected for survey in the central sample at all-India level (rural & urban combined) in the 55th round. For state samples, there were matching sample size as per the usual matching pattern being followed over the last few rounds. Sample size for the whole round for each State/UT x Sector (i.e. rural/ urban) are allocated equally among the 4 sub-rounds. Sample FSU's for each sub-round are selected afresh in the form of 2 independent sub-samples.

Selection of FSU's: For each sub-round, sample FSU's from each stratum are selected in the form of 2 independent sub-samples by following circular systematic sampling with (a) probability proportional to population for all rural strata other than stratum 1, and (b) equal probability for rural stratum 1 as well as all urban strata.

Sampling deviation

There was no deviation from the original sampling design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Schedule 1.0 of the 55th NSS round consists of the following blocks:

Block 0: Descriptive identification of sample household: This block is meant for recording descriptive identification particulars of a sample household.

Block 1: Identification of sample household

Block 2: Particulars of field operation

Block 3: Household characteristics:
Characteristics which are mainly intended to be used to classify the households for tabulation has been recorded in this block.

Block 4: Demographic and other particulars of household members: All members of the sample household have been listed in this block. Demographic particulars (viz., relation to head, sex, age, marital status and general education), working status, type of income received and number of meals taken have been recorded for each member using one line for one member.

Block 5: Consumption of food, pan, tobacco and intoxicants during the last 7 days and 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 5.1: Consumption of fuel and light during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 6: Consumption of clothing, bedding etc. during the last 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 7: Consumption of footwear during the 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 8.1: Expenditure on education & medical (institutional) goods and services during the last 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 8.2: Expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services including medical (non-institutional), rents and taxes during the last 30 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 9: Expenditure for purchase and construction (including repair and maintenance) of durable goods for domestic use during the last 365 days has been recorded in this block.

Block 10.1: Particulars of production and consumption from kitchen garden, backyard etc.: This block is intended to collect information on quantity and value of each item produced in the kitchen garden during the agriculture year July 1998 - June 1999. This apart, information on item wise consumption made out of the produce from kitchen garden during last 30 days preceding the date of survey has been collected irrespective of whether the item has been produced during the agriculture year July 1998 - June 1999.

Block 10.2: Consumption of selected non-food items from home-produced stock:
This block has been designed to collect information on consumption of some selected non-food items out of home-produced stock during last 30 days preceding the date of survey.

Block 11: Purchase of selected commodities supplied through public distribution system: This block is designed to collect information on purchase of four commodities, namely, rice, wheat, sugar and kerosene through public distribution system and from other sources.

Block 12: Perception of household regarding sufficiency of food: This block has been filled after completion of the enquiry on all the preceding blocks. This question is asked in order to know the perception of the household regarding sufficiency of food.

Block 13 : Particulars of goods and services received as part of wages and salaries or perquisites and gifts given and gifts received by the household (only for non-food items): This block is restricted to non-food items only, that is, items 310 to 643 of detailed blocks. It has been designed to record the particulars of goods and services received as part of wages and salaries or perquisites and gifts given and gifts received by the household during the last 30 days prior to the date of survey.

Block 14: Summary of consumer expenditure: This block is meant to derive the value of household per capita consumption expenditure for a period of 30 days.

Block 15: Remarks by investigator: Any remark which is considered necessary for explaining any peculiarity in the consumption pattern of the household or any other characteristic of the household has been noted here. Such remarks help understanding the entries made in different blocks of the schedule, especially when any entry is very high or very low.

Block 16: Remarks by supervisory officer: The supervisory officers note their views on any aspect relating to the household and on any observed peculiarity in the consumption pattern of the household in this block.

Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) in India was reported at 61.49% in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. India - Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on November of 2025.

Abstract

The 66th round (July 2009-June 2010) of NSS is earmarked for survey on 'Household Consumer Expenditure' and 'Employment and Unemployment'. The survey on 'household consumer expenditure' is the eighth quinquennial survey in the series, the last one being conducted in the 61st round (2004-2005) of NSS. The period of survey was one year from 1st July 2009 to 30th June 2010. The survey period of this round divided into four sub-rounds of three months' duration each as follows:

sub-round 1 : July - September 2009
sub-round 2 : October - December 2009 sub-round 3 : January - March 2010
sub-round 4 : April - June 2010

In each of these four sub-rounds equal number of sample villages/ blocks (FSUs) allotted for survey with a view to ensuring uniform spread of sample FSUs over the entire survey period.

Household Consumer Expenditure The programme of quinquennial surveys on consumer expenditure and employment & unemployment has been adopted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) since 1972-73. Under the programme, the survey on consumer expenditure provides a time series of household consumer expenditure data, which is the prime source of statistical indicators of level of living, social consumption and well-being, and the inequalities thereof. Apart from the quinquennial series (QS), there also exists an “annual series”, comprising consumer expenditure surveys conducted in the intervening periods between QS rounds - starting from the 42nd round (July 1986 - June 1987) and using a smaller sample.

Household consumer expenditure (HCE) during a specified period, called the reference period, may be defined as the total of the following: (a) expenditure incurred by households on consumption goods and services during the reference period (b) imputed value of goods and services produced as outputs of household (proprietary or partnership) enterprises owned by households and used by their members themselves during the reference period (c) imputed value of goods and services received by households as remuneration in kind during the reference period (d) imputed value of goods and services received by households through social transfers in kind received from government units or non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) and used by households during the reference period. Reference period and schedule type: The reference period is the period of time to which the information collected relates. In NSS surveys, the reference period often varies from item to item. Data collected with different reference periods are known to exhibit certain systematic differences. In this round, two schedule types have been drawn up to study these differences in detail. Sample households will be divided into two sets - Schedule Type 1 will be canvassed in one set and Schedule Type 2 in the other. The reference periods to be used for different groups of consumption items are given below, separately for each schedule type.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except (i) interior villages of Nagaland situated beyond five kilometres of the bus route and (ii) villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which remain inaccessible throughout the year. For Leh (Ladakh) and Kargil districts of Jammu & Kashmir there will be no separate sample first-stage units (FSUs) for 'central sample'. For these two districts, sample FSUs drawn as 'state sample' also treated as central sample.

Analysis unit

Households and Persons

Universe

Households and members of the household

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sample design Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage design was adopted for the 66th round survey. The first stage units (FSUs) were the 2001 Census villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. In addition, two non-UFS towns of Leh and Kargil of Jammu & Kashmir were also treated as FSUs in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) were households in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling was the selection of two hamlet-groups (hgs)/subblocks (sbs) from each rural/urban FSU.

Sampling frame for first stage units: For the rural sector, the list of 2001 Census villages (henceforth the term 'village' will mean Panchayat wards for Kerala) constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the list of latest available UFS blocks was considered as the sampling frame. For non-UFS towns, the frame consisted of the individual towns (only two towns, viz., Leh & Kargil constituted this frame).

Stratification: Within each district of a State/UT, generally speaking, two basic strata were formed: i) rural stratum comprising all rural areas of the district and (ii) urban stratum comprising all urban areas of the district. However, within the urban areas of a district, wherever there were one or more towns with population 10 lakhs or more as per Census 2001 in a district, each of these formed a separate basic stratum and the remaining urban areas of the district were considered as another basic stratum. Sub-stratification: Each rural stratum was divided into 2 sub-strata as follows: sub-stratum 1: all villages with proportion of child workers (p) >2P (where P is the average proportion of child workers for the State/UT as per Census 2001) sub-stratum 2: remaining villages

Total sample size (FSUs): At all-India level, 12784 FSUs were allocated to the Central sample and 15132 FSUs to the State sample. Further, the data of 24 State sample FSUs of Leh and Kargil districts of J&K surveyed by DES, J&K, were included in the Central sample.

Allocation of total sample to States and UTs: The total number of sample FSUs was allocated to the States and UTs in proportion to population as per Census 2001 subject to a minimum sample allocation to each State/UT, and subject to resource availability in terms of field investigators.

Allocation of State/UT level sample to rural and urban sectors: State/UT level sample size was allocated between the two sectors in proportion to population as per Census 2001 with double weightage to urban sector, subject to the restriction that the urban sample size for bigger States like Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, etc. should not exceed the rural sample size. A minimum of 16 FSUs (to the extent possible) was allocated to each State/UT separately for rural and urban areas. Further, the State-level allocations for both rural and urban sectors were adjusted marginally in a few cases to ensure that each stratum/sub-stratum got a minimum allocation of 4 FSUs.

Allocation to strata/sub-strata: Within each sector of a State/UT, the sample size was allocated to different strata/sub-strata in proportion to population as per Census 2001. Allocations at stratum/sub-stratum level were adjusted to multiples of 4 with a minimum sample size of 4 and equal-sized samples were allocated to the four sub-rounds.

Selection of FSUs: For the rural sector, from each stratum/sub-stratum, the required numbers of sample villages were selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR), size being the population of the village as per Census 2001. For the urban sector, FSUs were selected from each stratum using Simple Random Sampling Without Replacement (SRSWOR). Both rural and urban samples were drawn in the form of two independent sub-samples.

Formation and selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks: Selected FSUs with approximate population 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number of geographically compact 'hamlet-groups' (having more or less equal population) in the rural sector and 'sub-blocks' in the urban sector .

Selection of hamlet-groups/sub-blocks: Hamlet-groups (hg)/sub-blocks (sb) were selected from FSUs where hamlet-groups/sub-blocks were formed, two in the following manner. The hg/sb with maximum percentage share of population was always selected and termed hg/sb 1;one more hg/sb was selected from the remaining hg’s/sb’s by simple random sampling (SRS) and termed hg/sb 2. Listing and selection of the households was done independently in the two selected hamlet-groups/sub-blocks.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Household consumer expenditure is measured as the expenditure incurred by a household on domestic account during a specified period, called reference period. It includes the imputed values of goods and services, which are not purchased but procured otherwise for consumption. In other words, it is the sum total of monetary values of all the items (i.e. goods and services) consumed by the household on domestic account during the reference period. The imputed rent of owner-occupied houses is excluded from consumption expenditure. Any expenditure incurred towards the productive enterprises of the households is also excluded from household consumer expenditure.
To make the definition of household consumption operational, clear guidelines are needed not only on what is included in household consumer expenditure and what is excluded, but also on (a) the identification of the household performing each act of consumption (b) the assigning of a time to of each act of consumption. Only then can one attempt to record the consumption of a household H within a reference period P. It has been found convenient to assign different meanings of the word “consumption” (and hence different approaches to its measurement) for different categories of consumption items.

India IN: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private data was reported at 240,150.774 INR bn in 2026. This records an increase from the previous number of 218,211.739 INR bn for 2025. India IN: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private data is updated yearly, averaging 49,109.912 INR bn from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2026, with 31 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 240,150.774 INR bn in 2026 and a record low of 8,994.032 INR bn in 1996. India IN: GDP: Final Consumption Expenditure: Private data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.OECD.EO: GDP by Expenditure: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Annual. CP - Private final consumption expenditure, nominal value, GDP expenditure approach; Data before Fiscal Year 2004 are OECD estimates based on previous vintages.