This dataset and map service provides information on the U.S. Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) low to moderate income areas. The term Low to Moderate Income, often referred to as low-mod, has a specific programmatic context within the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program. Over a 1, 2, or 3-year period, as selected by the grantee, not less than 70 percent of CDBG funds must be used for activities that benefit low- and moderate-income persons. HUD uses special tabulations of Census data to determine areas where at least 51% of households have incomes at or below 80% of the area median income (AMI). This dataset and map service contains the following layer.

California State Income Limits reflect updated median income and household income levels for acutely low-, extremely low-, very low-, low- and moderate-income households for California’s 58 counties (required by Health and Safety Code Section 50093). These income limits apply to State and local affordable housing programs statutorily linked to HUD income limits and differ from income limits applicable to other specific federal, State, or local programs.

Between 1990 and 2023, the mean household income for the low-paid workers in the lowest quintile went from 15,940 U.S. dollars in 1990 to 17,650 U.S. dollars in 2023, while the mean income of the top five percent increased from 285,000 U.S. dollars to 467,100 U.S. dollars over the same period. The income for this period has been adjusted to the 2023 U.S. dollar value.

Between April 2008 and March 2024, households from the Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic groups were the most likely to live in low income out of all ethnic groups, before and after housing costs.

This dataset represents the geospatial extent as polygons and the corresponding attribution for census block groups that meet the definition of low-income communities according to the Virginia 2020 Environmental Justice Act: “Low-income community” definition: “’Low-income community’ means any census block group in which 30 percent or more of the population is composed of people with low income.”

The referenced “low income” definition is also provided below: “Low income” definition: “’Low income’ means having an annual household income equal to or less than the greater of (i) an amount equal to 80 percent of the median income of the area in which the household is located, as reported by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and (ii) 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Level.”

The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program requires that each CDBG funded activity must either principally benefit low- and moderate-income persons, aid in the prevention or elimination of slums or blight, or meet a community development need having a particular urgency because existing conditions pose a serious and immediate threat to the health or welfare of the community and other financial resources are not available to meet that need. With respect to activities that principally benefit low- and moderate-income persons, at least 51 percent of the activity's beneficiaries must be low and moderate income. For CDBG, a person is considered to be of low income only if he or she is a member of a household whose income would qualify as "very low income" under the Section 8 Housing Assistance Payments program. Generally, these Section 8 limits are based on 50% of area median. Similarly, CDBG moderate income relies on Section 8 "lower income" limits, which are generally tied to 80% of area median. These data are from the 2011-2015 American Community Survey (ACS). To learn more about the Low to Moderate Income Populations visit: https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/acs-low-mod-summary-data/, for questions about the spatial attribution of this dataset, please reach out to us at GISHelpdesk@hud.gov. Data Dictionary: DD_Low to Moderate Income Populations by Block GroupDate of Coverage: ACS 2020-2016

In 2024, the average monthly rent affordable to a family of four with a household income at the poverty line was 780 U.S. dollars. However, the average fair market rent for a two-bedroom rental home was 1,670 U.S. dollars per month in that year.

This table contains results for households with a relatively low income. The results are broken down into household characteristics such as gender and age of the main breadwinner, and the household composition and main source of income of the household. Two income limits are used for the classification by level of income: the low-income limit and the policy minimum. For these classifications, the number of households is published, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of the total population. The table also contains data on the number of households that had to survive on an income below the used income threshold for a long period of time (4 years and more). The results are used, among other things, in reports on poverty. The data relate to all private households with income as at 1 January of the year under review. Student households and households that only had an income for part of the year were not taken into account. Data available from: 2011. Status of the figures: The figures for the years 2011 - 2020 are final. The figures for 2021 are provisional. Changes as of March 10, 2023: For the periods 2011 to 2013, the figures for Duration of income position: 4 years or longer have been supplemented. Changes as of December 2, 2022: Update with final figures for 2020 and provisional figures for 2021. When will new figures be released? The new figures will be available in December 2023.

Between 2018 and 2022, people in households in the ‘other’, Asian and black ethnic groups were the most likely to be in persistent low income, both before and after housing costs, out of all ethnic groups.

This layer shows census tracts that meet the following definitions: Census tracts with median household incomes at or below 80 percent of the statewide median income or with median household incomes at or below the threshold designated as low income by the Department of Housing and Community Development’s list of state income limits adopted under Healthy and Safety Code section 50093 and/or Census tracts receiving the highest 25 percent of overall scores in CalEnviroScreen 4.0 or Census tracts lacking overall scores in CalEnviroScreen 4.0 due to data gaps, but receiving the highest 5 percent of CalEnviroScreen 4.0 cumulative population burden scores or Census tracts identified in the 2017 DAC designation as disadvantaged, regardless of their scores in CalEnviroScreen 4.0 or Lands under the control of federally recognized Tribes.

Low income measure (LIM) thresholds by household size for market income, total income and after-tax income, in current and constant dollars, annual.

This table contains regional statistics on relatively low income households. The data shall be broken down by household characteristics such as sex and age of the main cost winner, and household composition and main household income source. There are two income limits for the breakdown by level of income: the low-income threshold and the policy minimum. For these classifications, the number of households is published, both absolute and as a percentage of the total population per region. The table also contains data on the number of households who had to live long-term (4 years and longer) of income below the income limit used. The results are used, among other things, in reports on poverty.

The data refer to all private households with income as of 1 January of the year under review. Student households and households with only part of the year’s income have not been taken into account. Reference date for the municipal division is 1 January 2021.

Data available from: 2011.

Status of the figures:

The figures in this table for 2011 to 2021 are final. The figures for 2022 are provisional.

Amendments as of 8 November 2023:

None, this is a new table.

When will there be new figures:

New figures are expected in December 2024, and will appear in a new table.

This table contains regional statistics on relatively low-income households. The data are broken down by household characteristics such as gender and age of the main breadwinner, and the household composition and main source of income of the household. Two income limits are used for the classification by level of income: the low-income limit and the policy minimum. For these classifications, the number of households is published, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of the total population per region. The table also contains data on the number of households that had to survive on an income below the used income threshold for a long period of time (4 years and more). The results are used, among other things, in reports on poverty. The data relate to all private households with income as at 1 January of the year under review. Student households and households that only had an income for part of the year were not taken into account. The reference date for the municipal division is January 1, 2021. Data available from 2011 to 2020. Status of the figures: The figures in this table for 2011 to 2019 are final. The figures for 2020 are provisional. Changes as of December 2, 2022: None, this table has been discontinued. When will there be new figures: No longer applicable. This table is followed by the table Low and long-term low income; household characteristics, region (classification 2022). See section 3.

This table contains outcomes for low-income households and households with incomes around the social minimum broken down by various characteristics such as: — composition of the household — age of the main cost winner — main source of income within a household — living situation — region up to the level of municipality. As of the RIO 2010, the results are based on integral observation. The previously published results of the RIO (2005-2009 for method change) are based on a sample of around 2 million households.In order to allow for comparison between 2010 and 2009 sample samples were also published for 2009 following method change on the basis of integral observation, which included both sample-based and integral observation results for the year 2009 (breaking year).

For the classification by income level, the low-income limit and the social/policy minimum are used as income limits.The classification by social minimum applies six limits. For these breakdowns, the number of households and the number of individuals are published, both absolute and in percentage of the target population.The table also provides data on the number of households and individuals who had to reach an income below the income limit used for a long period of time (4 years and longer). Due to the transition to integral observation, full and 2010 are not fully available for a long period (4 years and longer).

The results are used, among other things, in reports on poverty. Data available from 2005 to 2014 Status of the figures: The figures for the years 2005 to 2014 are final.

Changes as of 15 March 2018: None, this table has been discontinued. When are new figures coming? No longer applicable. — composition of the household — age of the main cost winner

— main source of income within a household — living situation — region up to the level of municipality. As of the RIO 2010, the results are based on integral observation. The previously published results of the RIO (2005-2009 for method change) are based on a sample of around 2 million households. In order to allow for comparison between 2010 and 2009 sample samples were also published for 2009 following method change on the basis of integral observation, which included both sample-based and integral observation results for the year 2009 (breaking year). For the classification by income level, the low-income limit and the social/policy minimum are used as income limits. The classification by social minimum applies six limits. For these breakdowns, the number of households and the number of individuals are published, both absolute and in percentage of the target population. The table also provides data on the number of households and individuals who had to reach an income below the income limit used for a long period of time (4 years and longer). Due to the transition to integral observation, full and 2010 are not fully available for a long period (4 years and longer). The results are used, among other things, in reports on poverty. Data available from 2005 to 2014

Status of the figures: The figures for the years 2005 to 2014 are final.

Changes as of 15 March 2018: None, this table has been discontinued.

When are new figures coming?

No longer applicable. This table contains outcomes for low-income households and households with incomes around the social minimum broken down by various characteristics such as: — composition of the household — age of the main cost winner — main source of income within a household

— living situation — region up to the level of municipality. As of the RIO 2010, the results are based on integral observation. The previously published results of the RIO (2005-2009 for method change) are based on a sample of around 2 million households. In order to allow for comparison between 2010 and 2009 sample samples were also published for 2009 following method change on the basis of integral observation, which included both sample-based and integral observation results for the year 2009 (breaking year). For the classification by income level, the low-income limit and the social/policy minimum are used as income limits. The classification by social minimum applies six limits. For these breakdowns, the number of households and the number of individuals are published, both absolute and in percentage of the target population. The table also provides data on the number of households and individuals who had to reach an income below the income limit used for a long period of time (4 years and longer). Due to the transition to integral observation, full and 2010 are not fully available for a long period (4 years and longer).

The results are used, among other things, in reports on poverty.

Data available from 2005 to 2014

Status of the figures:

The figures for the years 2005 to 2014 are final.

Changes as of 15 March 2018:

None, this table has been discontinued.

When are new figures coming?

No longer applicable.

Between 2018 and 2022, Americans who identified as Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic or Latino were most likely to be living in low-income households across all generations in the United States. Within the provided time period, ** percent of Generation Alpha who were Black lived in families with incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, followed by ** percent who were American Indian or Alaska Native, and ** percent who were Hispanic or Latino.

This table contains regional statistics on relatively low-income households. The data are broken down by household characteristics such as gender and age of the main breadwinner, and the household composition and main source of income of the household. Two income limits are used for the classification by level of income: the low-income limit and the policy minimum. For these classifications, the number of households is published, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of the total population per region. The table also contains data on the number of households that had to survive on an income below the used income threshold for a long period of time (4 years and more). The results are used, among other things, in reports on poverty. The data relate to all private households with income as at 1 January of the year under review. Student households and households that only had an income for part of the year were not taken into account. The reference date for the municipal division is January 1, 2021. Data available from: 2011. Status of the figures: The figures in this table for 2011 to 2020 are final. The figures for 2021 are provisional. Changes as of December 2, 2022: None, this is a new table. When will there be new figures: New figures are expected in December 2023, and will appear in a new table.

This layer shows median household income by race and by age of householder. This is shown by tract, county, and state boundaries. This service is updated annually to contain the most currently released American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year data, and contains estimates and margins of error. There are also additional calculated attributes related to this topic, which can be mapped or used within analysis. Median income and income source is based on income in past 12 months of survey. This layer is symbolized to show median household income. To see the full list of attributes available in this service, go to the "Data" tab, and choose "Fields" at the top right. Current Vintage: 2019-2023ACS Table(s): B19013B, B19013C, B19013D, B19013E, B19013F, B19013G, B19013H, B19013I, B19049, B19053Data downloaded from: Census Bureau's API for American Community Survey Date of API call: December 12, 2024National Figures: data.census.govThe United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS):About the SurveyGeography & ACSTechnical DocumentationNews & UpdatesThis ready-to-use layer can be used within ArcGIS Pro, ArcGIS Online, its configurable apps, dashboards, Story Maps, custom apps, and mobile apps. Data can also be exported for offline workflows. For more information about ACS layers, visit the FAQ. Please cite the Census and ACS when using this data.Data Note from the Census:Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables.Data Processing Notes:This layer is updated automatically when the most current vintage of ACS data is released each year, usually in December. The layer always contains the latest available ACS 5-year estimates. It is updated annually within days of the Census Bureau's release schedule. Click here to learn more about ACS data releases.Boundaries come from the US Census TIGER geodatabases, specifically, the National Sub-State Geography Database (named tlgdb_(year)_a_us_substategeo.gdb). Boundaries are updated at the same time as the data updates (annually), and the boundary vintage appropriately matches the data vintage as specified by the Census. These are Census boundaries with water and/or coastlines erased for cartographic and mapping purposes. For census tracts, the water cutouts are derived from a subset of the 2020 Areal Hydrography boundaries offered by TIGER. Water bodies and rivers which are 50 million square meters or larger (mid to large sized water bodies) are erased from the tract level boundaries, as well as additional important features. For state and county boundaries, the water and coastlines are derived from the coastlines of the 2023 500k TIGER Cartographic Boundary Shapefiles. These are erased to more accurately portray the coastlines and Great Lakes. The original AWATER and ALAND fields are still available as attributes within the data table (units are square meters).The States layer contains 52 records - all US states, Washington D.C., and Puerto RicoCensus tracts with no population that occur in areas of water, such as oceans, are removed from this data service (Census Tracts beginning with 99).Percentages and derived counts, and associated margins of error, are calculated values (that can be identified by the "_calc_" stub in the field name), and abide by the specifications defined by the American Community Survey.Field alias names were created based on the Table Shells file available from the American Community Survey Summary File Documentation page.Negative values (e.g., -4444...) have been set to null, with the exception of -5555... which has been set to zero. These negative values exist in the raw API data to indicate the following situations:The margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.Either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution.The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution, or in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.The estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.The data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.

Household low-income status using low-income measures (before and after tax) by household type (multigenerational, couple, lone parent, with and without children), age of members, number of earners, and year.

This dataset provides access to Qualified Census Tracts (QCTs) in Connecticut to assist in administration of American Rescue Plan (ARP) funds.

The Secretary of HUD must designate QCTs, which are areas where either 50 percent or more of the households have an income less than 60 percent of the AMGI for such year or have a poverty rate of at least 25 percent.

HUD designates QCTs based on new income and poverty data released in the American Community Survey (ACS). Specifically, HUD relies on the most recent three sets of ACS data to ensure that anomalous estimates, due to sampling, do not affect the QCT status of tracts.

QCTs are identified for the purpose of Low-Income Housing Credits under IRC Section 42, with the purpose of increasing the availability of low-income rental housing by providing an income tax credit to certain owners of newly constructed or substantially rehabilitated low-income rental housing projects.

Also included are the number of households from the 2010 census (the “p0150001” variable), the average poverty rate using the 2014-2018 ACS data (the “pov_rate_18” variable), and the ratio of Tract Average Household Size Adjusted Income Limit to Tract Median Household Income using the 2014-2018 ACS data (the “inc_factor_18” variable). For the last variable mentioned in the previous paragraph, the income limit is the limit for being considered a very low income household (size-adjusted and based on Area Mean Gross Income). This value is divided by the median household income for the given tract, to get a sense of how the limit and median incomes compare. For example, if ratio>1, it implies that the tract is very low income because the limit income is greater than the median income. This ratio is a compact way to include the separate variables for the household income limit and median household income for each tract.

Number of persons in low income, low income rate and average gap ratio by economic family type, annual.