Abstract

Overview of the Census The National Population and Housing Census 2024 was conducted in line with international best practices and guided by the need to produce accurate, relevant, and timely data. Covering all households and individuals across the country, this census marks a significant milestone in Uganda’s journey towards data-driven development. The specific objectives of the NPHC 2024 were: i) To ascertain size, structure and distribution of the population ii) To gather data on housing conditions and access to basic services iii) To monitor changes in key social and economic indicators since the previous Census iv) To update census maps and lists of Enumeration Areas for effective execution of the census, construction of efficient area sampling frames for subsequent surveys and geographical maps at the lowest level. v) To establish the statistical infrastructure for future operations at the lowest Local Government level. vi) To further enhance the capacity of UBOS staff to undertake future censuses and large-scale sample surveys. vii) Inform policies and programmes aimed at improving the quality of life of all Ugandans

Uses of National Population and Housing Censuses The findings of the 2024 Census will be instrumental in shaping Uganda’s development agenda. They provide a basis for: a) Planning: Facilitating evidence based National and Local Government planning processes. b) Resource Allocation: Enabling equitable distribution of resources across programmes and Local Governments. c) Program Design: Informing interventions in social services such as health, education, infrastructure, and housing, to mention a few. d) Monitoring Progress: Tracking Uganda’s advancements towards achieving socio-economic transformation as envisioned in Vision 2040, the National Development Plans, as well as regional, continental and global development initiatives.

Key Findings 1. Population Size and Growth: Uganda’s population as of May 2024 was 45,905,417 persons, reflecting an average annual growth rate of 2.9 percent since the last Census in 2014. 2. Demographic Composition: A half of the population is under the age of 18. Five in every one hundred persons are aged 60 and above. 3. Housing and Living Conditions: i) Eight in ten (81.1%) households have access to improved water sources ii) Slightly over a half (53.4%) of households have access to electricity (25.3% from grid and 28.1% from solar). 4. Literacy: Seventy four percent of persons aged 10 and above were able to read and write meaningfully in any language. 5. Well-being and Health: i) One third (33.1%) of the households were in subsistence economy. ii) Twelve percent of persons aged 10 and above had experienced at least some form of probable general psychological distress. 6. Labour Force (15 years and above): i) The working age group was 25,494,490 persons (57.4% of the population). ii) The unemployment rate was 12.3 percent. iii) The share of Youth (15-24 years) Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) was 4,001,528 persons (42.6%)

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

The units of analysis for the NPHC 2024 include; - Individuals - Households - Housing

Universe

The census was done on a de facto basis i.e. every person was enumerated where he/she spent the Census Reference Night of 9th May 2024.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the National Population and Housing Census 2024 structured and included: - HOUSEHOLD: Characteristics of household members, housing and household characteristics, agriculture, deaths in the household, and information on physical address.

-INSTITUTION: Characteristics of institution members.

Abstract

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics Act No. 12 of 1998 provides for the Minister responsible for Planning to direct ‘that a Census be taken’ on any matter specified in the Act. This was the legal basis for conducting the National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) 2014. The long-term objective of the National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) 2014 is to ensure availability of bench-mark demographic and socio economic data for use in planning, evidence based decision making, policy formulation and programme evaluation.

The enumeration for the 2014 Census was conducted in August/September 2014 and provisional results were released in November 2014, giving the total population of administrtaive areas by sex. The final results are presented in broad categories of population and household characteristics and housing conditions. The population characteristics covered include spatial distribution of the population, age and sex composition, religious and ethnic composition, education and literacy, economic activity, orphanhood and disability. The household and housing conditions include socio-economic amenities available to households and quality of housing.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• The units of analysis for the NPHC 2014 were: individuals, households, and communities.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents) and non-household population, including those in institutions and hotels

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire for the Generic NPHC 2014 was structured questionnaire based on the PHC Model Questionnaire with some modifications and additions. The household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, relationship, and orphanhood status. The household questionnaire includes household characteristics, support to orphaned and vulnerable children, education, child labour, water and sanitation, household use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, and salt iodization, with optional modules for child discipline, child disability, maternal mortality and security of tenure and durability of housing.

The questionnaires were developed in English from the MICS3 Model Questionnaires, and were translated into Mumbo-jumbo. After an initial review the questionnaires were translated back into English by an independent translator with no prior knowledge of the survey. The back translation from the Mumbo-jumbo version was independently reviewed and compared to the English original. Differences in translation were reviewed and resolved in collaboration with the original translators. The English and Mumbo-jumbo questionnaires were both piloted as part of the survey pretest.

The questionnaire and module is provided as external resources.

Data appraisal

The census planning process took special measures to ensure quality of census data through adequate training and supervision. In addition special measures were undertaken including subdivision and mapping of the country into manageable Enumeration Areas. The Post Enumeration Survey (PES) was used as one of the tools to evaluate the quality of the census data through testing the completeness of coverage and content accuracy.

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system. The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Abstract

IPUMS-International is an effort to inventory, preserve, harmonize, and disseminate census microdata from around the world. The project has collected the world's largest archive of publicly available census samples. The data are coded and documented consistently across countries and over time to facillitate comparative research. IPUMS-International makes these data available to qualified researchers free of charge through a web dissemination system.

The IPUMS project is a collaboration of the Minnesota Population Center, National Statistical Offices, and international data archives. Major funding is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Demographic and Behavioral Sciences Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Additional support is provided by the University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center, and Sun Microsystems.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: Yes - Vacant units: No - Households: Yes - Individuals: Yes - Group quarters: Yes - Special populations: Yes - homeless

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: A dwelling unit is the unit actually occupied by the household. - Households: A household is defined as a group of persons who normally eat and live together. If a man has two or more wives and they and their children live and eat together, they form one household. - Group quarters: Sometimes groups of people live together but cannot be said to belong to a household. Persons in hospitals, colleges, barracks and prisons are examples.

Universe

All persons who are in Uganda the night of the census, regardless of their nationality.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

SAMPLE DESIGN: A 10% systematic sample of questionnaire records (households and institutions) was taken. These could have been households or institutions. A uniform weight of 10 should thus be attached to each record and the resultant population will 99.98% of the non-sample population.

SAMPLE UNIT: Questionnaire record

SAMPLE FRACTION: 10%

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 2,497,449

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Unique census questionnaire (no specific name)

Abstract

The purpose of the census was to provide demographic and socio-economic statistics in Uganda. The long term objective of the 2002 census was to maintain approximate decennial censuses and ensure availability of time series population benchmark statistical information at various administrative levels for the development of a coordinated and integrated data collection system in the country.The enumeration covered all persons resident in Uganda on the census night. Special arrangements were made to enumerate institutional, homeless, hotel and mobile populations. The census collected data on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population; household and housing conditions, agriculture, activities of micro and small enterprises and the community characteristics.

The main purpose of the Agricultural module was to provide appropriate sampling frames for a detailed Census of Agriculture in 2003, and a Census of Livestock in 2004. There was evidence of deliberate falsification of data from Kotido District. Therefore the analysis excludes data for Kotido District.

The immediate objectives of the census were: - To create/update census field maps and lists of EAs for the control of the 2002 census and construction of efficient area sampling frames; - Effectively complete conducting a Population and Housing census with an Agricultural and Livestock module; - To generate basic demographic and socio-economic data from the 2002 census disaggregated by sex, age and administrative areas; - To compile agricultural and livestock sampling frames to be used in the subsequent sample surveys of these components; - To evaluate, analyze and disseminate the census results at all administrative levels.

Geographic coverage

The census covered the whole country.

Analysis unit

• Persons
• Households
• Communities

Universe

The census covered all the household members, all persons aged 5 years and above resident in the houseold, all persons aged 10 years and above resident in the household and all women aged 12 to 54 years resident in the household.

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaires for the 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census were based on 1991 Census model with some modifications and additions. A household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, disability, religion, date of birth and orphanhood status. The household questionnaire also included the agricultural and micro and small enterprises modules. In addition to a household questionnaire, questionnaires were administered in each household for women aged 12-54, all persons aged 5 years and above, and also all persons aged 10 years and above.

Cleaning operations

Preliminary editing was carried out to identify, investigate and resolve inconsistencies resulting from possible data entry and / or coding errors. After completion of the preliminary editing, the edited data was subjected to the edit programmes in two phases. The first run was to undertake structural edits which in turn was ensuring that the entries were logical. The second run of the programme was aimed at ensuring completeness of content and as a result, missing values had to be imputed following logic embedded in the computer programs according to the editing specifications or rules established.

Data appraisal

A series of data quality tables are available to review the quality of the data and include the following: - Estimation of Population in an Area - Distribution of Households and Primary Sampling Units among strata - Age Tolerance limits used in matching individuals - Distribution of missing EAs during matching by strata - Distribution of EAs among strata - Un-weighted Number of matched and non-matched cases - Estimates of the Coverage rates - Population Estimates - Rate of Agreement by characteristics, residence and Region - Net Difference rate and Index of Inconsistency by characteristics - A list of PES indicators selected for computation of sampling errors - Reliability of Estimates Based on Selected Indicators at National Level - Reliability of Estimates Based on Selected Indicators For Urban Areas - Reliability of estimates Based on Selected indicators for rural Areas by Regions

The results of each of these data quality tables are shown in the appendix of the final report and are also given in the external resources section

Abstract

The 2005-2009/10 Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) is the first "panel" survey done by the LSMS group. The households included were chosen from the 2005-2006 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS).The sample One of the primary uses of the UNPS is to inform policymaking in advance of the Budget, through descriptive reports that are made ready in time for the initial work on sector budget framework papers. The UNPS aimed at producing annual estimates of outcomes and output in the key policy areas and at providing a platform for the experimentation and assessment of national policies and programs. Explicitly, the objectives of the UNPS include:

1. To provide information required for monitoring the National Development Strategy, of major programs such as National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and General Budget Support, and also to provide information to the compilation of the National Accounts (e.g. agricultural production).
2. To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level and provide annual information on service delivery and consumption expenditure estimates to monitor poverty and service outcomes in interim years of other national survey efforts, such as the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) and National Service Delivery Surveys (NSDS).
3. To provide a framework for low-cost experimentation with different policy interventions to e.g. reduce teacher absenteeism, improve ante- and post-natal care, or assessing the effect of agricultural input subsidies.
4. To provide a framework for policy-oriented analysis and capacity building substantiated with the UGDR and support to other research which will feed into the Annual Policy Implementation Review.
5. To facilitate randomized impact evaluations of interventions whose effects cannot currently be readily assessed through the existing system of national household surveys.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Households

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Survey Design The UNPS is carried out annually, over a twelve-month period on a nationally representative sample of households, for the purpose of accommodating the seasonality associated with the composition of and expenditures on consumption. The survey is conducted in two visits in order to better capture agricultural outcomes associated with the two cropping seasons of the country. The UNPS will therefore interview each household twice each year, in visits six months apart. Starting in 2005-09/10, the UNPS has been set out to track and re-interview 3,123 households that were distributed over 322 enumeration areas (EAs), selected out of the 783 EAs that had been visited by the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) in 2005-06. The UNPS EAs covered all 34 EAs visited by the UNHS 2005-06 in Kampala District, and 72 EAs (58 rural and 14 urban) in each of the (i) Central Region with the exception of Kampala District, (ii) Eastern Region, (iii) Western Region, and (iv) Northern Region.

Within each stratum, the UNPS EAs were selected from the UNHS 2005-06 EAs with equal probability, and with implicit stratification by urban/rural and district (in this order), except for the rural portions of the ten districts that were oversampled by the UNHS 2005-06. In these districts, the probabilities were deflated, to bring them back to the levels originally intended. Since IDP camps are now mostly unoccupied, the extra EAs in IDP camps are not a part of the UNPS subsample. This allocation strives for reasonably reliable estimates for the rural portion of each region, and for the set of urban areas out of Kampala as a whole, as well as the best possible estimates for Kampala that can be expected from a subsample of the UNHS 2005-06. Therefore, the UNPS strata of representativeness include (i) Kampala City, (ii) Other Urban Areas, (iii) Central Rural, (iv) Eastern Rural, (v) Western Rural, and (vi) Northern Rural.

Prior to the start of the 2005-09/10 field work, 2 UNPS households were also randomly selected in each EA for the purposes of tracking baseline individuals that moved away from original locations since the UNHS 2005-06. The initial UNPS sample was subject to three consecutive waves of data collection after which, parts of the sample were replaced by new households extracted from the updated sample frames developed by the UBOS as part of the 2012 Uganda Population and Housing Census. In addition, the UNPS will fit within the Long-Term Census and Household Survey Program and therefore both the questionnaires and the timing of data collection will be coordinated with the current surveys and census implemented by UBOS.

Note: Detailed description of sampling procedure and calculation of panel weights is presented in "Basic Information Document". The document is provided along with this metadata.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Cleaning operations

To ensure good quality of data, a system of double entry was used for data capture. A manual system of editing questionnaires was set-up and two office editors were recruited to further assess the consistency of the data collected. A computer program (hot-deck scrutiny) for verification and validation was developed and operated during data processing. Range and consistency checks were included in the data-entry program. More intensive and thorough checks were carried out using MS-ACCESS by the data processing team.

Sampling error estimates

The estimates presented in the reports of this study were derived from a scientifically selected sample and analysis of survey data was undertaken at national and regional levels. Standard Errors (SE) and Coefficients of Variations (CVs) of some of the variables have been presented in Appendix 2 to show the precision levels.

This dataset shows the different demographic and socio-economic aspects that were covered in the 2014 National Population and Housing Census conducted by UBOS.

Abstract

The UNPS aims at producing annual estimates in key policy areas; and providing a platform for experimenting with and assessing national policies and programs. Explicitly, the objectives of the UNPS include:

1. To provide information required for monitoring the National Development Strategy, of major programs such as National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and General Budget Support, and also to provide information for the compilation of the National Accounts (e.g. agricultural production);

2. To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level as well as information on service delivery and consumption expenditure estimates annually; to monitor poverty and service outcomes in interim years of other national survey efforts, such as the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) and National Service Delivery Surveys (NSDS);

3. To provide a framework for low-cost experimentation with different policy interventions to e.g. reduce teacher absenteeism, improve ante-natal and post-natal care, and assess the effect of subsidies on agricultural inputs among others;

4. To provide a framework for policy oriented analysis and capacity building substantiated with the UGDR and support to other research which feed into the Annual Policy Implementation Review; and

5. To facilitate randomized impact evaluations of interventions whose effects cannot currently be readily assessed through the existing system of national household surveys.

Geographic coverage

National Coverage.

Analysis unit

The study describes (including but not limited to):

• Household

• Individual

• Parcel

• Plot

• Community

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The UNPS is carried out over a twelve-month period (a “wave”) on a nationally representative sample of households, for the purpose of accommodating the seasonality associated with the composition of and expenditures on consumption. The survey is conducted in two visits in order to better capture agricultural outcomes associated with the two cropping seasons of the country. The UNPS therefore interviews each household twice in a year, in visits approximately six months apart.

In 2009/10, the UNPS set out to track and interview 3,123 households that were distributed over 322 Enumeration Areas (EAs), selected out of 783 EAs that had been visited during the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) in 2005/06. The distribution of the EAs covered by the 2009/10 UNPS was such that it included all 34 EAs in Kampala District, and 72 EAs (58 rural and 14 urban) in each of the other regions i.e. Central excluding Kampala, Eastern, Western and Northern which make up the strata.

Within each stratum, the EAs were selected with equal probability with implicit stratification by urban/rural and district (in this order). However, the probabilities of selection for the rural portions of ten districts that had been oversampled by the UNHS 2005/06 were adjusted accordingly. Since most IDP (Internally Displaced People) camps in the Northern region are currently unoccupied, the EAs that constituted IDP camps were not part of the UNPS sample. This allocation allows for reliable estimates at the national, rural-urban and regional levels i.e. at level of strata representativeness which includes: (i) Kampala City, (ii) Other Urban Areas, (iii) Central Rural, (iv) Eastern Rural, (v) Western Rural, and (vi) Northern Rural.

In the UNPS 2010/11, the concept of Clusters instead of EAs was introduced. A cluster represents a group of households that are within a particular geographical area up to parish level. This was done due to split-off households that fell outside the selected EAs but could still be reached and interviewed if they still resided within the same parish as the selected EA. Consequently, in each subsequent survey wave, a subset of individuals was selected for tracking.

The UNPS is part of the long term Census and Household Survey Program hence questionnaires and the timing of data collection are coordinated with the current surveys and census implemented by UBOS.

SAMPLE REFRESH

Starting with the UNPS 2013/14 (Wave 4) fieldwork, one third of the initial UNPS sample was refreshed with the intention to balance the advantages and shortcomings of panel surveys. Each new household will be visited for three consecutive waves, while baseline households will have a longer history of five or six years, given the start time of the sample refresh. This same sample was used for the UNPS 2015/16 (Wave 5)

Once a steady state is reached, each household will be visited for three consecutive years, and at any given time one third of the households will be new, one third will be visited for the second time, and one third for the third (and last) time. The total sample will never be too different from a representative cross-section of the country, yet two-thirds of it will be a panel with a background of a year or two.

New households were identified using the updated sample frames developed by the UBOS in 2013 as part of the preparations for the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The UNPS had six questionnaires namely: Household Questionnaire; Woman Questionnaire; Agriculture & Livestock Questionnaire; Fisheries Questionnaire; Community Questionnaire and Market Questionnaire. Each of these questionnaires is divided into a number of sections and the number of questions in each section varies accordingly.

It should be noted that in 2013/14 and 2015/16, all questionnaires were administered using the CAPI software except the Fisheries and Market Questionnaires which were not administered.

Abstract

In order to support the development of an economic development strategy for the Greater Kampala metro region, an informal sector survey was undertaken between June 2016 and June 2017 to provide policy makers with analytical information on the prominent sectors within the city. The survey was designed to produce representative estimates for key indicators of the greater Kampala as a whole. The informal sector module of the National Manpower Survey (NMPS) implemented by UBOS was extended to include questions on household based enterprises. The module focuses on skill levels, remuneration, training and working conditions of those in the informal sector.

Geographic coverage

Greater Kampala

Analysis unit

Household Individual Household based enterprises

Universe

The survey targeted households with enterprise and non-household enterprise identified within the enumeration areas. These were identified during a listing operation undertaken prior to the start of the survey.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey interviewed 2,243 informal businesses, randomly drawn based on a two-stage stratified sample.

The sampling frame used for informal sector 2016 is the frame for the Uganda Population and Housing Census which was conducted on August 2014 (PHC 2014), provided by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). The sampling frame is a complete list of census Enumeration Areas (EA) created for the census covering the whole country, consisting of 80182 EAs. An EA is a natural village in rural areas and a city block in urban areas. Uganda is divided into 112 administrative districts, each districts is sub-divided into subdistricts, and each sub-district into parish, and each parish into villages. The frame file contains the administrative belongings for each EA and number of households at the time of the census. Each EA has also a designated residence type, urban or rural. Following are the definition of the geo-regions and the study domains.

The sample for the Uganda informal sector survey is designed to provide indicator such as employment, gross output estimates for the greater Kampala. In order to increase the efficiency of the sample design, the sampling frame will be divided into three strata which are as homogeneous as possible. The first level of stratification generally corresponds to the geographic domains of analysis that is Kampala, Wakiso and Mukono.

For more details on Sampling Procedure and Sample Allocation, Sample size determination, please refer to the Methodology document provided under the Related Materials tab.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Abstract

Uganda’s legal and policy framework regarding refugees is one of the most progressive of the world and is often referred as a model to follow. However, the recent refugee influx that doubled the number of refugees in the country in less than three years represents a challenge for the institutions, programs and mechanisms in place. The recent arrivals have put additional pressure on the public services delivery system, and to some central elements of the response approach, such as land availability for refugee use. The influx is also aggravated by the fact that refugee hosting areas were already vulnerable due to underlying poverty, limited resilience to shocks, limited capacity of local institutions, and low levels of human capital. Without the adequate response, the prolonged and steady refugee influx represents a challenge for the sustainability of Uganda’s approach.

The Uganda Refugee and Host Communities Household Survey 2018 collected data to analyze the living conditions, wellbeing and socio-economic profile of refugees and host communities in Uganda.

Geographic coverage

Refugees and host communities in Uganda (West Nile, South West and Kampala)

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals
• Communities

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey is representative of the refugee and host community population of Uganda at the national level. Moreover, it is representative of the refugee and host population in the regions of West Nile and South West, and the city of Kampala. The host population is defined as the native population in districts where refugee settlements are situated. The survey used two different sampling frames. The first one, based on the list of Enumeration Areas (EAs) and the information of the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census, was used to determine the samples for the host and refugee populations of Kampala, and the host populations in West Nile and Southwest. The second one is a newly developed sampling frame for the refugee population in the West Nile and Southwest regions.

Given the nature of the survey, the sample is stratified by three separate domains. The first domain is the host population in the regions of West Nile and South West. The second is the refugee population in the regions of West Nile and Southwest, and the third, the refugee and host population in Kampala. A total of 221 primary sample units were allocated to the three different domains. For each domain, the sample was obtained based on a two-stage stratified sample of households. In the first stage, PSUs were selected using a Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method. For the host communities and Kampala, before the selection of the PSUs, district EAs were sorted by residence type (urban/rural), district sub-county, parish, village and EAs. For Kampala, only EAs that contained more than ten refugee households according to the 2014 Census were considered. With this sorting and PPS for the selection of PSUs, implicit stratification by residence type was achieved. For the refugee settlements, EAs were sorted based on the Settlement, Zone, Block, Cluster, Village, EA and by dominant country of origin. The latter was intended to ensure that PSUs with refugees coming from different countries of origin were selected.

Between the first and second stages, a household listing operation was carried out in all selected PSUs outside Kampala. For the listing operation, all selected PSUs were visited and the residential households were located with their address and the name of the household head was recorded. In the second stage, for each selected PSU, ten households were selected from the newly established list using a systematic sampling approach. Household selection was performed in the field prior to the main survey and interviewers only interviewed selected households. This means that no replacements or changes to selected households was allowed in the implementation stage in order to prevent bias. With this design, the survey selected 2,209 residential households, distributed geographically across 13 districts of Uganda

For further details on sampling, see section “Survey instrument” in the survey report (“Informing the Refugee Policy Response in Uganda”).

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Two questionnaires were used to collect the 2018 URHS data: - Household questionnaire - Community questionnaire

The questionnaires are comprehensive and follow closely the official survey questionnaires (Uganda National Household Survey) that Government of Uganda uses to monitor wellbeing and measure poverty.

Abstract

The 2018-19 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey (UMIS) used a nationally representative sample of 320 clusters and about 8,960 households.. The survey is designed to provide estimates of key malaria indicators for the country as a whole, urban and rural areas separately, each of the 15 regions, and refugee settlements.

The primary objective of the 2018-19 UMIS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators related to malaria. Specifically, the 2018-19 UMIS collected information on vector control interventions such as mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides, on intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnant women, on care seeking and treatment of fever in children, and malaria knowledge, behaviour, and practices. Children less than age 5 were tested for anaemia and malaria infection.

The information collected through the 2018-19 UMIS is intended to assist policy makers and programme managers in evaluating and designing programmes and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-59

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The 2018-19 UMIS followed a two-stage sample design and was intended to allow estimates of key indicators for the following domains: ▪ National ▪ Urban and rural areas ▪ 15 regions ▪ Although they were not included as separate sampling domains, the overall sample size permitted estimates to be produced for the 14 ongoing indoor residual spraying (IRS) intervention districts: Bugiri, Kaberamaido, Koboko, Lira, Otuke, Serere, Tororo, Alebtong, Amolatar, Budaka, Butaleja, Dokolo, Namutumba, and Paliisa and 11 former IRS intervention districts Oyam, Kole, Nwoya, Amuru, Agago, Gulu, Kitgum, Pader, Omoro, Apac, and Lamwo. ▪ Refugee settlements in Adjumani, Arua, Isingiro, Kamwenge, Kiryandongo, Kyegegwa, Lamwo, Moyo, and Yumbe districts were included as a separate sampling domain.

The first stage of sampling involved selecting sample points (clusters) from the sampling frames; the nonrefugee areas and the refugee settlements used separate sampling frames. Enumeration areas (EAs) delineated for the 2014 National Population and Housing Census (NPHC) were used as the sampling frame for the non-refugee areas.A sampling frame developed for the National Refugees’ Survey, conducted by UBOS in collaboration with the World Bank and Office of the Prime Minister in early 2018, was used as the frame for the refugee settlement domain. A total of 320 clusters were selected with probability proportional to size from the EAs covered in the 2014 NPHC. Of these clusters, 84 were in urban areas and 236 in rural areas. Urban areas were oversampled within regions in order to produce robust estimates for that domain. A total of 22 clusters were selected with probability proportional to size from the EAs covered in the refugee frame.

The second stage of sampling involved systematic selection of households. For the non-refugee areas, a household listing operation was undertaken in all of the selected EAs in November and December 2018, and households to be included in the survey were randomly selected from these lists. In the selected clusters for the refugee settlements domain, listing was undertaken immediately before fieldwork in those clusters. Twenty-eight households were selected from each EA, for a total sample size of 8,878 households. Because of the approximately equal sample sizes in each domain, the sample was not selfweighting at the national level.

Note: See Appendix A of the final survey report for additional details on the sampling procedures.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires—the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire—were used for fieldwork in the 2018-19 UMIS. Core questionnaires available from the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Monitoring and Evaluation Reference Group (MERG) were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Uganda. The modifications were decided upon at a series of meetings with various stakeholders from the NMCD and other government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organisations, and international donors. The questionnaires were in English; UBOS arranged for translation into Luganda, Luo, Lugbara, Ateso, Runyankole/Rukiga, and Runyoro/Rutoro. The Household and Woman’s Questionnaires were programmed onto tablet computers, enabling use of computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) for the survey. The Biomarker Questionnaire was filled out on hard copy and entered into the CAPI system when complete.

A fourth questionnaire, the Fieldworker Questionnaire, was adapted from The DHS Program’s standard questionnaire. It was completed by all fieldworkers in the 2018-19 UMIS; its purpose was to collect basic background information on the people who collect data in the field.

Cleaning operations

All electronic data files for the 2018-19 UMIS were transferred via ICF’s IFSS to the UBOS central office in Kampala, where they were stored on a password-protected computer. The data processing operation included registering and checking for inconsistencies, incompleteness, and outliers. Data editing and cleaning included structure and consistency checks to ensure completeness of work in the field. The central office also conducted secondary editing, which required resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions. The data were processed by UBOS staff who took part in the main fieldwork training and were supervised by senior staff from UBOS. The Census and Survey Processing (CSPro) System software package was used for data editing. Secondary editing and data processing were completed in February 2019.

Response rate

A total of 8,878 households selected for the sample in the main survey, 8,448 were occupied at the time of fieldwork. Among the occupied households, 8,351 were successfully interviewed, yielding a total household response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 8,389 women were eligible for individual interview, and 8,231 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 98%. In the refugee settlements, the household response rate was almost 100%, and the response rate among women was 99%.

"glaseu_census" : Uganda household and village data

Abstract

Uganda has experienced strong economic growth over the past two decades and has made great strides towards improving the quality of life and access to services. In order to continue to promote pro-poor economic growth, the Government of Uganda (GoU) developed the National Development Plan (NDP) and a Joint Budget Support strategy as part of the implementation of the National Development Strategy (NDS).

Uganda recognizes the need for adequate data collection to effectively monitor outcomes of the National Development Strategy (NDS). For this purpose, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) implemented the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) program, with financial and technical support from the Government of Netherlands, and the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) project.

The 2005-2009/10 Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS) is the first "panel" survey done by the LSMS group. The households included were chosen from the 2005-06 Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS).
The sample One of the primary uses of the UNPS is to inform policymaking in advance of the Budget, through descriptive reports that are made ready in time for the initial work on sector budget framework papers.

Survey Objectives The UNPS aimed at producing annual estimates of outcomes and output in the key policy areas and at providing a platform for the experimentation and assessment of national policies and programs.

Explicitly, the objectives of the UNPS include: The UNPS aims at producing annual estimates in key policy areas and at providing a platform for experimenting with and assessing of national policies and programs. Explicitly, the objectives of the UNPS include: 1. To provide information required for monitoring the National Development Strategy, of major programs such as National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and General Budget Support, and also to provide information to the compilation of the National Accounts (e.g. agricultural production). 2. To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level and provide annual information on service delivery and consumption expenditure estimates to monitor poverty and service outcomes in interim years of other national survey efforts, such as the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) and National Service Delivery Surveys (NSDS). 3. To provide a framework for low-cost experimentation with different policy interventions to e.g. reduce teacher absenteeism, improve ante- and post-natal care, or assessing the effect of agricultural input subsidies. 4. To provide a framework for policy-oriented analysis and capacity building substantiated with the UGDR and support to other research which will feed into the Annual Policy Implementation Review. 5. To facilitate randomized impact evaluations of interventions whose effects cannot currently be readily assessed through the existing system of national household surveys.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals
• Markets
• Communities / facilities

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Survey Design The UNPS is carried out annually, over a twelve-month period on a nationally representative sample of households, for the purpose of accommodating the seasonality associated with the composition of and expenditures on consumption. The survey is conducted in two visits in order to better capture agricultural outcomes associated with the two cropping seasons of the country. The UNPS will therefore interview each household twice each year, in visits six months apart.

Starting in 2005-09/10, the UNPS has been set out to track and re-interview 3,123 households that were distributed over 322 enumeration areas (EAs), selected out of the 783 EAs that had been visited by the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) in 2005-06. The UNPS EAs covered all 34 EAs visited by the UNHS 2005-06 in Kampala District, and 72 EAs (58 rural and 14 urban) in each of the (i) Central Region with the exception of Kampala District, (ii) Eastern Region, (iii) Western Region, and (iv) Northern Region.

Within each stratum, the UNPS EAs were selected from the UNHS 2005-06 EAs with equal probability, and with implicit stratification by urban/rural and district (in this order), except for the rural portions of the ten districts that were oversampled by the UNHS 2005-06. In these districts, the probabilities were deflated, to bring them back to the levels originally intended. Since IDP camps are now mostly unoccupied, the extra EAs in IDP camps are not a part of the UNPS subsample. This allocation strives for reasonably reliable estimates for the rural portion of each region, and for the set of urban areas out of Kampala as a whole, as well as the best possible estimates for Kampala that can be expected from a subsample of the UNHS 2005-06. Therefore, the UNPS strata of representativeness include (i) Kampala City, (ii) Other Urban Areas, (iii) Central Rural, (iv) Eastern Rural, (v) Western Rural, and (vi) Northern Rural.

Prior to the start of the 2005-09/10 field work, 2 UNPS households were also randomly selected in each EA for the purposes of tracking baseline individuals that moved away from original locations since the UNHS 2005-06. The initial UNPS sample was subject to three consecutive waves of data collection after which, parts of the sample was replaced by new households extracted from the updated sample frames developed by the UBOS as part of the 2012 Uganda Population and Housing Census. In addition, the UNPS will fit within the Long-Term Census and Household Survey Program and therefore both the questionnaires and the timing of data collection will be coordinated with the current surveys and census implemented by UBOS.

Note: Detailed description of sampling procedure and calculation of panel weights is presented in "Basic Information Document". The document is provided along with this metadata.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The UNPS survey was collected using the following five questionnaires: 1. Household Questionnaire 2. Woman Questionnaire 3. Agriculture Questionnaire, (administered to the subset of UNPS households engaged in agricultural activities) 4. Community Questionnaire 5. Market Questionnaire.

Abstract

Prior to the conducting of the Uganda Census of Agriculture (UCA), 2008/09 two (2) other censuses had been conducted. The first CA was conducted during 1963/65. The Government of Uganda was assisted by FAO and the then Department for Technical Cooperation of the United Kingdom both of which provided international and census equipment to a varying degree. The second CA called the National Census of Agriculture and Livestock (NCAL) was conducted during 1990/91. It was funded by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and executed by FAO. Therefore the UCA 2008/09 formed the third CA in the history of census taking in Uganda.

Objectives of the UCA 2008/09: While the long-term objective of the UCA, 2008/09 was to have a system of Food and Agriculture Statistics (FAS) in place, the immediate objective was to collect and generate benchmark data needed for the monitoring and evaluation of the agricultural sector at all levels, through a nation-wide CA.

More specifically, the objectives of the UCA, 2008/09 can be stated as:

i) Provision of data on the social and economic factors of Uganda’s agricultural structure by inter-relating various characteristics of holdings e.g. size of a holding and by type of holding and factors such as fragmentation, land tenure, land utilisation, crop patterns, use of fertilisers and agro-chemicals, use of farm implements and machinery, farm population and labour force; ii) Provision of detailed agricultural data such as number of holdings, total area of holdings, basic pattern of land utilisation, area under crops and extent of irrigation; iii) Provision of a benchmark for improving the reliability of current agricultural statistics from annual surveys and administrative sources and for assessing future agricultural development; and, iv) Creation and strengthening of the national capacity in agricultural censuses and surveys taking.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Households

Universe

The statistical unit was the agricultural holding (farm), defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form or size. Single management may be exercised by "an individual or by a household, jointly by two or more individuals or households, by a clan or tribe or a cooperative or government parastatals".

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

i. Sample design A stratified two-stage sample design was used for the small and medium-scale household-based agricultural holdings. At the first stage Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected with Probability Proportional to Size (PPS), and at the second stage, households which were the ultimate sampling units were selected using systematic sampling.

ii. Sample size The sample size of 3,606 EAs was then allocated to 80 districts following power allocation in which samples are allocated to different strata with a view to obtain reliable district level estimates while maintaining the interest of the national level estimates.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The CA 2008/2009 comprised four separate forms (questionnaires):

(i) UCA form 2, the "Agricultural household and holding characteristics module" (ii) UCA form 4, the "Crop area module" (iii) UCA form 5, the "Crop production module" (iv) UCA form 6, for private large-scale and institutional farms.

There was no questionnaire for livestock, because livestock items were collected in the NCL 2008. All 16 core items recommended by FAO for the WCA 2010 were covered by the census questionnaire, namely;

0001 Identification and location of agricultural holding 0002+ Legal status of agricultural holder 0003 Sex of agricultural holder 0004 Age of agricultural holder 0005 Household size 0006 Main purpose of production of the holding 0007 Area of holding according to land use types 0008 Total area of holding 0009 Land tenure types on the holding 0010 Presence of irrigation on the holding 0011 Types of temporary crops on the holding 0012 Types of permanent crops on the holding and whether in compact plantation 0013 Number of animals on the holding for each livestock type 0014 Presence of aquaculture on the holding 0015+ Presence of forest and other wooded land on the holding 0016 Other economic production activities of the holding's enterprise

Cleaning operations

i. DATA PROCESSING AND ARCHIVING There was concurrent collection and processing of the data. As soon as this was completed, the questionnaires were sent directly to the data processing centre, UBOS.4 CSPro was used for data processing, including data entry, editing and management of the information within a batch. MS Access and Visual Basic were used for general data management, while STATA was used for data editing and analysis and Microsoft Excel was used for tabulation.

ii. CENSUS DATA QUALITY Significant emphasis was placed on data quality throughout the exercise, from the planning stage to questionnaire design, training, supervision, data entry, validation and cleaning/editing. Standard errors and coefficients of variation for the main variables are presented in the UCA reports.

Response rate

93.5 percent response rate

Number of households with protected vs. unprotected water sources and type of toilet facilities.

This file contains data on Ugandan households from six nationwide surveys conducted between 1992 and 2013. Data is available on aggregate household consumption, earnings activities, location of the household, and characteristics of the household head. The file also contains cohort level data where household have been aggregated into cohorts for pseudo-panel analysis.

National household surveys have become the standard source of data for analysis of poverty in developing countries. A major limitation of these surveys for Africa, in terms of the potential to analyse poverty dynamics, is that they are not a panel - different households are surveyed in each wave so they constitute repeated cross sections. It is therefore not possible to track the same households over time to investigate the drivers of poverty reduction. This creates challenges for analysis with endogenous variables, such as interactions between household size and poverty or migration, remittances and household income. The absence of a panel also limits analysis of determinants of household welfare over long periods. The strategy we propose to address this data restriction is to identify representative household types to construct pseudo panels making use of the repeated cross section household surveys (see the Case for Support). Analysis of the pseudo panel allows one to track similar households and complements household-level analysis for each survey. The project will develop methods for constructing pseudo-panels that can be applied, with suitable modifications for specific features of the surveys, in any country with three or more national household surveys. In principle, the methods are also applicable to census and Demographic and Health Survey data. Although the project focuses on Uganda (1992-2012 using eight existing surveys), the methods for constructing and analysing pseudo-panels can be applied to other African countries. Utilising established links with local research partners, hence largely 'off-budget', the pseudo-panel method will be applied to Ghana (1991-2013 using 6 surveys) and Tanzania (1991-2012 using 4 surveys).These three countries all have managed to roughly halve headcount poverty since the early 1990s. We use the repeated cross-section survey data to form a pseudo panel of 'representative' households by grouping individual households (the observational units) into cohorts on the basis of time invariant characteristics (location, gender and birth cohort of household head). The cohorts are then traced over time as they appear in successive surveys, forming a pseudo panel with 'lagged values'. As the cohort fixed effect is correlated with cohort (household) characteristics that are unobserved and not constant over time due to the changing membership of the cohorts in each survey, an errors-in-variables estimator is used to correct the cohort means as estimates of the unobservable population means. The lagged dependent variable is constructed from an auxiliary regression with an augmented instrumental variables estimator using time-invariant instruments. The pseudo panel therefore permits a long (20 years or more) analysis of determinants of household welfare and poverty reduction, with the potential to generate internal instruments for endogenous variables and to identify effects of policy changes (such as Universal Primary Education in Uganda).

Abstract

The Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) has been carrying out an integrated household survey, popularly known as Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) every other year since the late 1980s. Through the UNHS, Uganda has very rich household time series data covering over 13 years. The data have been the main source of statistical information for monitoring poverty levels, trends and related welfare issues.

The UNHS 2009/10 was undertaken from May 2009 to April 2010 and covered about 6800 households scientifically selected countrywide. The survey was comprehensive and had six modules, namely; Socio-economic, Labor Force, Informal Sector, Community, Price and Qualitative modules.

The main objective of the survey was to collect high quality and timely data on demographic, social and economic characteristics of the household population to inform/monitor international and national development frameworks. The specific objectives of the survey were to: 1. Provide information on selected economic characteristics of the population including their economic activity status among others. 2. Meet data needs of key users such as Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development; Health; Education and Sports, etc.., and other collaborating Institutions like Economic Policy Research Centre (EPRC); the Development Partners as well as the NGO community. 3. Generate and build social and economic indicators and monitor the progress made towards social and economic development goals of the country; and 4. Strengthen efforts being made in building a permanent national household survey capability at UBOS.

Geographic coverage

National

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Survey Design The UNHS 2009/10 sample was designed to allow reliable estimation of key indicators for the Uganda, rural-urban, and separately for ten sub regions. A two-stage stratified sampling design was used. At the first stage, Enumeration Areas (EAs) were grouped by districts and rural-urban location; then drawn using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). At the second stage, households which are the Ultimate Sampling Units were drawn using Systematic Sampling.

A total of 712 EAs representing the general household population were selected using the Uganda Population and Housing Census Frame for 2002. These EAs were allocated to the 10 sub-regions with consideration of the rural and urban areas which constituted the main domains of the sample.

Sample Size When determining the required sample size, the degree of precision (reliability) desired for the survey estimates, the cost and operational limitations, and the efficiency of the design were taken into consideration. The UNHS 2009/10 covered a sample size of 6800 households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

There are five questionnaires for the UNHS namely: (i) Listing questionnaire (ii) socio-economic Questionnaire (iii) Labour Force survey questionnaire (iv) Informal Sector Questionnaires (v) Community Questionnaire

Note that the informal sector survey questionnaires comprise 5 sets according to activity namely: (1) Livestock, poultry, bee-keeping, and fishing (2) Forestry (3) Mining, quarrying, and manufacturing (4) Hotels, lodges, bars, restaurants and eating places (5) Trade and services

Cleaning operations

A system of double data entry was utilized to ensure good quality data. Questionnaires were manually edited by five office based editors who were recruited to ensure consistency of the data collected. A computer program (hot-deck scrutiny) for verification and validation was developed and operated during data processing. Range and consistency checks were included in the data-entry program. More intensive and thorough checks were also carried out using MS-ACCESS by the data processing team.

Sampling error estimates

Household survey findings are usually estimates based on a sample of households selected using appropriate sample designs. Estimates are affected by two types of errors; sampling and non-sampling errors. Non-Sampling errors result from wrong interpretation of results; mistakes in recording of responses, definitional problems, improper recording of data, etc and are mainly committed during the implementation of the survey.

Sampling errors, on the other hand, arise because observations are based on only one of the many samples that could have been selected from the same population using the same design and expected size. They are a measure of the variability between all possible samples. Sampling errors are usually measured using Standard Errors (SE). SE is the square root of the variance and can be used to calculate confidence intervals for the various estimates. In addition, sometimes it is appropriate to measure the relative errors of some of the variables and the Coefficient of Variation (CV) is one such measure. It is the quotient of the SE divided by the mean of the variable of interest.

The SE and CVs were computed using STATA software and they each take into account the multi-stage nature of the survey design. The results below indicate the SE and CVs computed for the selected variables in the report. The SEs and CVs are presented for national, regional and rural-urban levels.

Note: Detailed sampling error tables are available in the 2009-2010 UNHS final report.

Abstract

The 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) was designed to provide information on demographic, health, and family planning status and trends in the country. Specifically, the UDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, breastfeeding practices, and awareness and use of family planning methods. In addition, data were collected on the nutritional status of mothers and young children; infant, child, adult, and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections; and levels of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency.

The 2011 UDHS is a follow-up to the 1988-1989, 1995, 2000-2001, and 2006 UDHS surveys, which were implemented by the Statistics Department of Ministry of Finance and Planning, and later by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). The specific objectives of the 2011 UDHS were as follows: - To provide data at the national and subnational level that would allow the calculation of demographic rates, particularly fertility and infant mortality rates - To analyse the direct and indirect factors that determine the level of and trends in fertility and mortality - To measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice of women and men by method, by urban-rural residence, and by region - To collect data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, and to evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use - To assess the nutritional status of children under age 5 and women by means of anthropometric measurements (weight and height), and to assess child feeding practices - To collect data on family health, including antenatal visits, assistance at delivery, breastfeeding, immunizations, and prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under age 5 - To measure vitamin A deficiency in women and children, and to measure anaemia in women, men, and children - To measure key education indicators, including school attendance ratios and primary school grade repetition and dropout rates - To collect information on the extent of disability - To collect information on the extent of gender-based violence

This information is essential for informed policy-making and planning, monitoring, and evaluation of health programmes in general and reproductive health programmes in particular, at both the national and regional levels. A long-term objective of the survey was to strengthen the technical capacity of the National Statistics Office to plan, conduct, process, and analyse data from complex national population and health surveys.

The 2011 UDHS provides national and regional estimates on population and health that are comparable to data collected in Uganda’s four previous DHS surveys and similar surveys in other developing countries. Data collected in the 2011 UDHS add to the large and growing international database of demographic and health indicators.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-54
• Children under five

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

Sample Frame The sampling frame used for the 2011 UDHS is the 2002 Population Census provided by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). The UBOS has an electronic file consisting of 48,715 Enumeration Areas (EAs) created for the 2002 Population and Housing Census. An EA is a geographic area consisting of a convenient number of dwelling units that serve as counting units for the census.

Sample Design The sample for the 2011 UDHS was designed to provide population and health indicator estimates for the country as a whole and for urban and rural areas separately. A representative sample of 10,086 households was selected for the 2011 UDHS. The sample was selected in two stages. In the first stage, 404 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected from among a list of clusters sampled for the 2009/10 Uganda National Household Survey (2010 UNHS). This matching of samples was done to allow linking of the 2011 UDHS health indicators to poverty data from the 2010 UNHS. The clusters in the UNHS were selected from the 2002 Population Census sample frame.

In the second stage of sampling, households in each cluster were selected from a complete listing of households, which was updated prior to the survey. Households were purposively selected from those listed. All households in the 2010 UNHS that were in the 404 EAs were included in the UDHS sample.

All women age 15-49 who were either permanent residents of the households or visitors who slept in the households the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. In addition, in a subsample of one-third of households selected for the survey, all men age 15-54 were eligible to be interviewed if they were either permanent residents or visitors who slept in the household on the night before the survey. An additional sample was selected for administration of the Maternal Mortality Module.

Note: See Appendix A (in final survey report) for the details of the sample design.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face

Research instrument

Four types of questionnaires were used in the 2011 UDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Maternal Mortality Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were adapted from model survey instruments developed by ICF for the MEASURE DHS project and by UNICEF for the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) project. The intent was to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Uganda. Questionnaires were discussed at a series of meetings with various stakeholders, ranging from government ministries and agencies to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and development partners. The questionnaires were translated into seven major languages: Ateso, Ngakarimojong, Luganda, Lugbara, Luo, Runyankole-Rukiga, and Runyoro-Rutoro.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors who spent the previous night in the selected households. Basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, education, relationship to the head of the household, and disability status. For children under age 18, survival status of the parents was determined. Data on the age and sex of household members were used to identify women and men eligible for an individual interview. In addition, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership and use of mosquito bednets.

The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all eligible women age 15-49. The eligible women were asked questions on the following topics: - Background characteristics (age, education, media exposure, etc.) - Birth history and childhood mortality - Knowledge and use of family planning methods - Fertility preferences - Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care - Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices - Vaccinations and childhood illnesses - Marriage and sexual activity - Woman’s work and husband’s background characteristics - Awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - Adult mortality, including maternal mortality - Knowledge of tuberculosis and other health issues - Gender-based violence

The Maternal Mortality Questionnaire was administered to all eligible women age 15-49 in 35 additional households in 394 out of 404 EAs. It collected data on maternal mortality using the Sibling Survival Module (commonly referred to as the ‘Maternal Mortality Module’).

The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all eligible men age 15-54 years in every third household in the 2011 UDHS sample. The Man’s Questionnaire collected information similar to that in the Woman’s Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or questions on maternal and child health.

Cleaning operations

Questionnaire data were entered in the field by the field editors on each team and the files were periodically sent to the UBOS office by internet. All the paper questionnaires were also returned to UBOS headquarters in Kampala for data processing, which consisted of office editing, coding of open-ended questions, a second data entry, and finally, editing computer-identified errors. The data were processed by a team of eight data entry operators, two office editors, and one data entry supervisor. Data entry and editing were accomplished using CSPro software. The processing of data was initiated in August 2011 and completed in January 2012.

Response rate

A total of 10,086 households were selected for the sample, of which 9,480 were found to be occupied during data collection. Of these, 9,033 households were successfully interviewed, giving a household response rate of 95 percent.

Of the 9,247 eligible women identified in the selected households, interviews were completed with 8,674 women, yielding a response rate of 94 percent for women.

Of the 2,573 eligible men identified in the selected subsample of households for men, 2,295 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 89 percent for men.

Response rates were higher in rural than in urban areas, with the rural-urban difference being more pronounced among men (92 and 82 percent, respectively) than among women (95 and 91 percent, respectively).

Note: See summarized response rates by residence

Abstract

The UNPS aims at producing annual estimates in key policy areas; and providing a platform for experimenting with and assessing national policies and programs. Explicitly, the objectives of the UNPS include:

1. To provide information required for monitoring the National Development Strategy, of major programs such as National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) and General Budget Support, and also to provide information for the compilation of the National Accounts (e.g. agricultural production);

2. To provide high quality nationally representative information on income dynamics at the household level as well as information on service delivery and consumption expenditure estimates annually; to monitor poverty and service outcomes in interim years of other national survey efforts, such as the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS), Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) and National Service Delivery Surveys (NSDS);

3. To provide a framework for low-cost experimentation with different policy interventions to e.g. reduce teacher absenteeism, improve ante-natal and post-natal care, and assess the effect of subsidies on agricultural inputs among others;

4. To provide a framework for policy oriented analysis and capacity building substantiated with the UGDR and support to other research which feed into the Annual Policy Implementation Review; and

5. To facilitate randomized impact evaluations of interventions whose effects cannot currently be readily assessed through the existing system of national household surveys.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The study describes (including but not limited to):

• Household

• Individual

• Parcel

• Plot

• Community

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The UNPS is carried out over a twelve-month period (a “wave”) on a nationally representative sample of households, for the purpose of accommodating the seasonality associated with the composition of and expenditures on consumption. The survey is conducted in two visits in order to better capture agricultural outcomes associated with the two cropping seasons of the country. The UNPS therefore interviews each household twice in a year, in visits approximately six months apart.

In 2009/10, the UNPS set out to track and interview 3,123 households that were distributed over 322 Enumeration Areas (EAs), selected out of 783 EAs that had been visited during the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) in 2005/06. The distribution of the EAs covered by the 2009/10 UNPS was such that it included all 34 EAs in Kampala District, and 72 EAs (58 rural and 14 urban) in each of the other regions i.e. Central excluding Kampala, Eastern, Western and Northern which make up the strata.

Within each stratum, the EAs were selected with equal probability with implicit stratification by urban/rural and district (in this order). However, the probabilities of selection for the rural portions of ten districts that had been oversampled by the UNHS 2005/06 were adjusted accordingly. Since most IDP (Internally Displaced People) camps in the Northern region are currently unoccupied, the EAs that constituted IDP camps were not part of the UNPS sample. This allocation allows for reliable estimates at the national, rural-urban and regional levels i.e. at level of strata representativeness which includes: (i) Kampala City, (ii) Other Urban Areas, (iii) Central Rural, (iv) Eastern Rural, (v) Western Rural, and (vi) Northern Rural.

In the UNPS 2010/11, the concept of Clusters instead of EAs was introduced. A cluster represents a group of households that are within a particular geographical area up to parish level. This was done due to split-off households that fell outside the selected EAs but could still be reached and interviewed if they still resided within the same parish as the selected EA. Consequently, in each subsequent survey wave, a subset of individuals was selected for tracking.

The UNPS is part of the long term Census and Household Survey Program hence questionnaires and the timing of data collection are coordinated with the current surveys and census implemented by UBOS.

SAMPLE REFRESH

Starting with the UNPS 2013/14 (Wave 4) fieldwork, one third of the initial UNPS sample was refreshed with the intention to balance the advantages and shortcomings of panel surveys. Each new household will be visited for three consecutive waves, while baseline households will have a longer history of five or six years, given the start time of the sample refresh. This same sample was used for the UNPS 2015/16 (Wave 5)

Once a steady state is reached, each household will be visited for three consecutive years, and at any given time one third of the households will be new, one third will be visited for the second time, and one third for the third (and last) time. The total sample will never be too different from a representative cross-section of the country, yet two-thirds of it will be a panel with a background of a year or two.

New households were identified using the updated sample frames developed by the UBOS in 2013 as part of the preparations for the 2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

The UNPS had six questionnaires namely: Household Questionnaire; Woman Questionnaire; Agriculture & Livestock Questionnaire; Fisheries Questionnaire; Community Questionnaire and Market Questionnaire. Each of these questionnaires is divided into a number of sections and the number of questions in each section varies accordingly.

It should be noted that in 2013/14, 2015/16 and 2018/19, all questionnaires were administered using the CAPI software except the Fisheries and Market Questionnaires which were not administered.

Abstract

The 2004 National Service Delivery Survey (NSDS) collected information on six selected sectors namely Education, Health, Water and Sanitation, Agriculture, Transport and Governance. The survey was aimed at providing information about the performance of the selected sectors for policy formulation, implementation and monitoring at all levels of governance. Two sets of questionnaires were used to collect information: the household questionnaire (service users) and the questionnaire for service providers.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered the entire country . A representative sample of 18,000 households was randomly selected from all the 56 districts but only 17,608 households were covered.

Analysis unit

• Individual
• Household
• Community
• Institution

Universe

The survey covered all the households that fell in the sample and accepted to be interviewed.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling design used for collecting primary data was a multi-stage cluster sample. The first stage of sampling involved the selection of Enumeration Areas (EAs). An enumeration area is an area that can be covered by one enumerator at the time of a Census, in most cases this area is equivalent to a village/ cell, while in other cases it is part of the village or many villages. The EAs had been demarcated in preparation for the 2002 Population and Housing Census. A representative sample of at least 30 enumeration areas (EAs) was selected from every district independently.

The sampling process utilized the 2002 Population and Housing Census Sampling Frame using the probability proportional to size (PPS) approach. A total of 1800 EAs (Primary Sampling Units) were targeted in the entire country. A complete listing of households was done in each of the EAs to generate a sampling frame of households from which a sample of households was selected. Within each selected Primary Sampling Unit (PSU), ten (10) households were randomly selected as Secondary Sampling Units (SSU). Overall, the Survey targeted 18,000 households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

A household questionnaire was administered in each household, which collected various information on household members including sex, age, literacy, marital status , activity status and ophanhood. The household questionnaire also includes education, health services, immunisation of children under five, housing, water and sanitation, governace, agriculture services, transport services and access to credit (informal and formal) In addition there was a particular section for women aged 15-50years and children under age five.

Cleaning operations

Manual editing and coding was done using a team of ten well trained persons and one supervisor.

For data entry: CSPro was used, quality checks were embedded in the data entry application, type of data entry was manual and used double entry system to ensure quality, Twenty four data entry operators and two supervisors were employed. One computer programmer was in charge of the overall data processing. He did the final cleaning, tabulation and analysis. Cleaning was done in CSPro and SPSS while tabulation and analysis was done in SPSS.

Response rate

A representative sample of 18,000 households was randomly selected from all the 56 districts but only 17,608 (97.8%)households were covered. Some households were not covered due to insecurity in the districts of Gulu, Lira, Katakwi, Kitgum, and Pader; while in Karamoja region (Kotido, Nakapiripirit and Moroto) due to mobility of the pastoralist communities.