This table contains data on the percent of households paying more than 30% (or 50%) of monthly household income towards housing costs for California, its regions, counties, cities/towns, and census tracts. Data is from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Consolidated Planning Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) and the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS). The table is part of a series of indicators in the [Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project of the Office of Health Equity] Affordable, quality housing is central to health, conferring protection from the environment and supporting family life. Housing costs—typically the largest, single expense in a family's budget—also impact decisions that affect health. As housing consumes larger proportions of household income, families have less income for nutrition, health care, transportation, education, etc. Severe cost burdens may induce poverty—which is associated with developmental and behavioral problems in children and accelerated cognitive and physical decline in adults. Low-income families and minority communities are disproportionately affected by the lack of affordable, quality housing. More information about the data table and a data dictionary can be found in the Attachments.

The housing affordability measure illustrates the relationship between income and housing costs. A household that spends 30% or more of its collective monthly income to cover housing costs is considered to be “housing cost-burden[ed].”[1] Those spending between 30% and 49.9% of their monthly income are categorized as “moderately housing cost-burden[ed],” while those spending more than 50% are categorized as “severely housing cost-burden[ed].”[2]

How much a household spends on housing costs affects the household’s overall financial situation. More money spent on housing leaves less in the household budget for other needs, such as food, clothing, transportation, and medical care, as well as for incidental purchases and saving for the future.

The estimated housing costs as a percentage of household income are categorized by tenure: all households, those that own their housing unit, and those that rent their housing unit.

Throughout the period of analysis, the percentage of housing cost-burdened renter households in Champaign County was higher than the percentage of housing cost-burdened homeowner households in Champaign County. All three categories saw year-to-year fluctuations between 2005 and 2023, and none of the three show a consistent trend. However, all three categories were estimated to have a lower percentage of housing cost-burdened households in 2023 than in 2005.

Data on estimated housing costs as a percentage of monthly income was sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) 1-Year Estimates, which are released annually.

As with any datasets that are estimates rather than exact counts, it is important to take into account the margins of error (listed in the column beside each figure) when drawing conclusions from the data.

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, instead of providing the standard 1-year data products, the Census Bureau released experimental estimates from the 1-year data in 2020. This includes a limited number of data tables for the nation, states, and the District of Columbia. The Census Bureau states that the 2020 ACS 1-year experimental tables use an experimental estimation methodology and should not be compared with other ACS data. For these reasons, and because data is not available for Champaign County, no data for 2020 is included in this Indicator.

For interested data users, the 2020 ACS 1-Year Experimental data release includes a dataset on Housing Tenure.

[1] Schwarz, M. and E. Watson. (2008). Who can afford to live in a home?: A look at data from the 2006 American Community Survey. U.S. Census Bureau.

[2] Ibid.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2023 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (17 October 2024).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (22 September 2023).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (30 September 2022).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (10 June 2021).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2018 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using data.census.gov; (10 June 2021).;U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (13 September 2018).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (14 September 2017).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (19 September 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; 16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2006 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).; U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2005 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Table B25106; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; (16 March 2016).

Displacement risk indicator showing how many households within the specified groups are facing either housing cost burden (contributing more than 30% of monthly income toward housing costs) or severe housing cost burden (contributing more than 50% of monthly income toward housing costs).

In 2021, there were approximately ** million housing cost burdened households in the United States. A household is considered to be moderately cost burdened when the housing costs exceed ** percent of the family income. Severely burdened households, on the other hand, spend over ** percent of their income on housing.

This web map provides estimates for the percentage of housing cost burden among households from the American Community Survey 5-year data for the United States—50 states and the District of Columbia at county, place, census tract, and ZCTA-levels. Data were downloaded from data.census.gov using Census API and processed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Population Health, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch. The project was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in conjunction with the CDC Foundation. Year: 2017–2021 ACS table(s): S2503 Data downloaded from: Census Bureau’s API for American Community Survey Date of API call: September 12, 2023 For questions or feedback send an email to places@cdc.gov.

This indicator is defined as the percentage of the population living in a household where the total housing costs (net of housing allowances) represent more than 40% of the total disposable household income (net of housing allowances) presented by income quintile.

A commonly accepted threshold for affordable housing costs at the household level is 30% of a household's income. Accordingly, a household is considered cost burdened if it pays more than 30% of its income on housing. Households paying more than 50% are considered severely cost burdened. These thresholds apply to both homeowners and renters.

The Housing Affordability indicator only measures cost burden among the region's households, and not the supply of affordable housing. The directionality of cost burden trends can be impacted by changes in both income and housing supply. If lower income households are priced out of a county or the region, it would create a downward trend in cost burden, but would not reflect a positive trend for an inclusive housing market.

This indicator is defined as the median of the distribution of the share of total housing costs (net of housing allowances) in the total disposable household income (net of housing allowances) presented by age group.

Poland - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities was 13.50% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Poland - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities - last updated from the EUROSTAT on November of 2025. Historically, Poland - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Cities reached a record high of 20.40% in December of 2014 and a record low of 13.50% in December of 2024.

This indicator is defined as the percentage of the population living in a household where the total housing costs (net of housing allowances) represent more than 40% of the total disposable household income (net of housing allowances) presented by accommodation tenure status.

Tenure by Housing Costs as a Percentage of Household Income in the Past 12 Months County and State values are from the American Community Survey (ACS) 1 Year Survey

Euro Area - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Males was 13.40% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Euro Area - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Males - last updated from the EUROSTAT on November of 2025. Historically, Euro Area - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Males reached a record high of 16.00% in December of 2013 and a record low of 12.70% in December of 2020.

Italy - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Above 60% of median equivalised income was 7.80% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Italy - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Above 60% of median equivalised income - last updated from the EUROSTAT on November of 2025. Historically, Italy - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Above 60% of median equivalised income reached a record high of 10.20% in December of 2013 and a record low of 7.80% in December of 2024.

Euro Area - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Below 60% of median equivalised income was 27.00% in December of 2024, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Euro Area - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Below 60% of median equivalised income - last updated from the EUROSTAT on November of 2025. Historically, Euro Area - Median of the housing cost burden distribution: Below 60% of median equivalised income reached a record high of 33.10% in December of 2014 and a record low of 27.00% in December of 2024.

Housing-Burdened Low-Income Households. Percent of households in a census tract that are both low income (making less than 80% of the HUD Area Median Family Income) and severely burdened by housing costs (paying greater than 50% of their income to housing costs). (5-year estimates, 2013-2017).

The cost and availability of housing is an important determinant of well- being. Households with lower incomes may spend a larger proportion of their income on housing. The inability of households to afford necessary non-housing goods after paying for shelter is known as housing-induced poverty. California has very high housing costs relative to much of the country, making it difficult for many to afford adequate housing. Within California, the cost of living varies significantly and is largely dependent on housing cost, availability, and demand.

Areas where low-income households may be stressed by high housing costs can be identified through the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data. We measure households earning less than 80% of HUD Area Median Family Income by county and paying greater than 50% of their income to housing costs. The indicator takes into account the regional cost of living for both homeowners and renters, and factors in the cost of utilities. CHAS data are calculated from US Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS).

This indicator is defined as the percentage of the population living in a household where the total housing costs (net of housing allowances) represent more than 40% of the total disposable household income (net of housing allowances) presented by household type.

Displacement risk indicator showing how many households within the specified groups are facing housing cost burden (contributing more than 30% of monthly income toward housing costs).

Displacement risk indicator showing how many households within the specified groups are facing severely housing cost burden (contributing more than 50% of monthly income toward housing costs).

This dataset tracks the updates made on the dataset "Housing Cost Burden" as a repository for previous versions of the data and metadata.

This feature service contains census tract data from the American Community Survey: 5-year Estimates Subject Tables for Gallatin County, MT. The attributes come from the Financial Characteristics table (S2503). Processing Notes:Data was downloaded from the U.S. Census Bureau, imported into FME, and joined with TIGER/Line geometry to create an AGOL Feature Service. Each attribute has been given an abbreviated alias name derived from the American Community Survey (ACS) categorical descriptions. The Data Dictionary below includes all given ACS attribute name aliases. For example: Rent_35kto50k_20to29pcnt is equal to the percentage of the population living in a renter-occupied household, with an annual household income of $35,000 to $50,000, spending between 20% to 29% of their income on housing costs in the past 12 months. Data DictionaryACS_EST_YR: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimate Subject Tables data yearGEO_ID: Census Bureau geographic identifierNAME: Specified geographyOwn: Percent of population living in an Owner-occupied householdRent: Percent of population living in a Renter-occupied household20kto35k: Annual household income of $20,000 to $34,99935kto50k: Annual household income of $35,000 to $49,99950kto75k: Annual household income of $50,000 to $74,999Over75k: Annual household income of over $75,000Under_20pcnt: Monthly housing costs under 20% of household income in the past 12 months20to29pcnt: Monthly housing costs of 20-29% of household income in the past 12 months30pcntOrMore: Monthly housing costs of over 30% of household income in the past 12 monthsDownload ACS Financial Characteristics data for all census tracts in Gallatin County, MTAdditional LinksU.S. Census BureauU.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS)About the American Community Survey