Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain were widely considered the Eurozone's weakest economies during the Great Recession and subsequent Eurozone debt crisis. These countries were grouped together due to the similarities in their economic crises, with much of them driven by house price bubbles which had inflated over the early 2000s, before bursting in 2007 due to the Global Financial Crisis. Entry into the Euro currency by 2002 had meant that banks could lend to house buyers in these countries at greatly reduced rates of interest.

This reduction in the cost of financing contributed to creating housing bubbles, which were further boosted by pro-cyclical housing policies among many of the countries' governments. In spite of these economies experiencing similar economic problems during the crisis, Italy and Portugal did not experience housing bubbles in the same way in which Greece, Ireland, and Spain did. In the latter countries, their real housing prices (which are adjusted for inflation) peaked in 2007, before quickly declining during the recession. In particular, house prices in Ireland dropped by over 40 percent from their peak in 2007 to 2011.

Graph and download economic data for Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States (MSPUS) from Q1 1963 to Q2 2025 about sales, median, housing, and USA.

In a 2019 analysis, Riverside, California was the most at risk of a housing downturn in a recession out of the ** largest metro areas in the United States. The Californian metro area received an overall score of **** percent, which was compiled after factors such as home price volatility and average home loan-to-value ratio were examined.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for the United States (USSTHPI) from Q1 1975 to Q2 2025 about appraisers, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

The Global Financial Crisis of 2008-09 was a period of severe macroeconomic instability for the United States and the global economy more generally. The crisis was precipitated by the collapse of a number of financial institutions who were deeply involved in the U.S. mortgage market and associated credit markets. Beginning in the Summer of 2007, a number of banks began to report issues with increasing mortgage delinquencies and the problem of not being able to accurately price derivatives contracts which were based on bundles of these U.S. residential mortgages. By the end of 2008, U.S. financial institutions had begun to fail due to their exposure to the housing market, leading to one of the deepest recessions in the history of the United States and to extensive government bailouts of the financial sector.

Subprime and the collapse of the U.S. mortgage market

The early 2000s had seen explosive growth in the U.S. mortgage market, as credit became cheaper due to the Federal Reserve's decision to lower interest rates in the aftermath of the 2001 'Dot Com' Crash, as well as because of the increasing globalization of financial flows which directed funds into U.S. financial markets. Lower mortgage rates gave incentive to financial institutions to begin lending to riskier borrowers, using so-called 'subprime' loans. These were loans to borrowers with poor credit scores, who would not have met the requirements for a conventional mortgage loan. In order to hedge against the risk of these riskier loans, financial institutions began to use complex financial instruments known as derivatives, which bundled mortgage loans together and allowed the risk of default to be sold on to willing investors. This practice was supposed to remove the risk from these loans, by effectively allowing credit institutions to buy insurance against delinquencies. Due to the fraudulent practices of credit ratings agencies, however, the price of these contacts did not reflect the real risk of the loans involved. As the reality of the inability of the borrowers to repay began to kick in during 2007, the financial markets which traded these derivatives came under increasing stress and eventually led to a 'sudden stop' in trading and credit intermediation during 2008.

Market Panic and The Great Recession

As borrowers failed to make repayments, this had a knock-on effect among financial institutions who were highly leveraged with financial instruments based on the mortgage market. Lehman Brothers, one of the world's largest investment banks, failed on September 15th 2008, causing widespread panic in financial markets. Due to the fear of an unprecedented collapse in the financial sector which would have untold consequences for the wider economy, the U.S. government and central bank, The Fed, intervened the following day to bailout the United States' largest insurance company, AIG, and to backstop financial markets. The crisis prompted a deep recession, known colloquially as The Great Recession, drawing parallels between this period and The Great Depression. The collapse of credit intermediation in the economy lead to further issues in the real economy, as business were increasingly unable to pay back loans and were forced to lay off staff, driving unemployment to a high of almost 10 percent in 2010. While there has been criticism of the U.S. government's actions to bailout the financial institutions involved, the actions of the government and the Fed are seen by many as having prevented the crisis from spiraling into a depression of the magnitude of The Great Depression.

Graph and download economic data for Real Residential Property Prices for United States (QUSR628BIS) from Q1 1970 to Q2 2025 about residential, HPI, housing, real, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

This project will explore the impact of the economic recession on cities and households through a systematic comparison of the experiences of two English cities, Bristol and Liverpool.The research will use both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Interviews will be held in both cities with stakeholders from across the public, private and voluntary and community sectors. A social survey of 1000 households will also be conducted in the two cities covering 10 specific household types. A series of in-depth qualitative interviews will then be held with households drawn from the survey and chosen to illustrate the spectrum of experience.In the context of globalisation and the rescaling of cities and states, the research aims to develop our understanding of the relationship between economic crisis, global connectivity and the transnational processes shaping cities and the everyday lives of residents. It will explore the 'capillary-like' impact of the crisis and austerity measures on local economic development, and local labour and housing markets, as well as highlight the intersecting realities of everyday life for households across the life course.The research will document the responses and coping strategies developed across different household types and evaluate the impact and effectiveness of 'anti-recession' strategies and policies.

Graph and download economic data for S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller CA-Los Angeles Home Price Index (LXXRSA) from Jan 1987 to Jul 2025 about Los Angeles, CA, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

In July 2025, approximately 130,200 home construction projects started in the United States. The lowest point for housing starts over the past decade was in 2009, just after the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. Since 2010, the number of housing units started has been mostly increasing despite seasonal fluctuations. Statista also has a dedicated topic page on the U.S. housing market as a starting point for additional investigation on this topic. The impact of the global recession The same trend can be seen in home sales over the past two decades. The volume of U.S. home sales began to drop in 2005 and continued until 2010, after which home sales began to increase again. This dip in sales between 2005 and 2010 suggests that supply was outstripping demand, which led to decreased activity in the residential construction sector. Impact of recession on home buyers The financial crisis led to increased unemployment and pay cuts in most sectors, which meant that potential home buyers had less money to spend. The median income of home buyers in the U.S. fluctuated alongside the home sales and starts over the past decade.

The Great Recession was a period of economic contraction which came in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008. The recession was triggered by the collapse of the U.S. housing market and subsequent bankruptcies among Wall Street financial institutions, the most significant of which being the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history. These economic convulsions caused consumer confidence, measured by the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI), to drop sharply in 2007 and the beginning of 2008. How does the Consumer Confidence Index work? The CCI measures household's expectation of their future economic situation and, consequently, their likely future spending and savings decisions. A score of 100 in the index would indicate a neutral economic outlook, with consumers neither being optimistic nor pessimistic about the near future. Scores below 100 are then more pessimistic, while scores above 100 indicate optimism about the economy. Consumer confidence can have a self-fulfilling effect on the economy, as when consumers are pessimistic about the economy, they tend to save and postpone spending, contracting aggregate demand and causing the economy to slow down. Conversely, when consumers are optimistic and willing to spend, this can have a reinforcing effect as wages and employment may rise when consumers spend more. CCI and the Great Recession As the reality of the trouble which the U.S. financial sector was in set in over 2007, consumer confidence dropped sharply from being slightly positive, to being deeply pessimistic by the Summer of 2008. While confidence began to slowly rebound up until September 2008, with the panic caused by Lehman's bankruptcy and the freezing of new credit creation, the CCI plummeted once more, reaching its lowest point during the recession in February 2008. The U.S. government stepped in to prevent the bankruptcy of AIG in 2008, promising to do the same for any future possible failures in the financial system. This 'backstopping' policy, whereby the government assured that the economy would not be allowed to fall further into crisis, along with the Federal Reserve's unconventional monetary policies used to restart the economy, contributed to a rebound in consumer confidence in 2009 and 2010. In spite of this, consumers still remained pessimistic about the economy.

We estimate across-county spending flows between firms and consumers for every county in the United States, providing a new consumption link that has not been studied previously. We highlight the importance of this link by estimating the effect of changes in local housing wealth on consumption and employment from 2001 to 2019. We generally find that the effect from changes in housing wealth crosses borders to affect consumption and employment in a pattern consistent with our spending flows. However, we find potential consumers who reside outside the local commuting zone disproportionately affect local spending and employment during the Great Recession.

Mortgage brokers’ revenue is anticipated to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.5% over the five years through 2024-25 to £2.3 billion, including estimated growth of . Rising residential property transactions stimulated by government initiatives and rising house prices have driven industry growth. However, mortgage brokers have faced numerous obstacles, including downward pricing pressures from upstream lenders and a sharp downturn in the housing market as rising mortgage rates ramped up the cost of borrowing. After a standstill in residential real estate activity in the immediate aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, ultra-low base rates, the release of pent-up demand, the introduction of tax incentives and buyers reassessing their living situation fuelled a V-shaped recovery in the housing market. This meant new mortgage approvals for house purchases boomed going into 2021-22, ramping up demand for brokerage services. 2022-23 was a year rife with economic headwinds, from rising interest rates to fears of a looming recession. Yet, the housing market stood its ground, with brokers continuing to benefit from rising prices. Elevated mortgage rates eventually hit demand for houses in the first half of 2023, contributing to lacklustre house price growth in 2023-24, hurting revenue, despite a modest recovery in the second half of the year as mortgage rates came down. In 2024-25, lower mortgage rates and an improving economic outlook support house prices, driving revenue growth. Mortgage brokers’ revenue is anticipated to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.3% over the five years through 2029-30 to £2.9 billion. Competition from direct lending will ramp up. Yet, growth opportunities remain. The emergence of niche mortgage products, like those targeting retired individuals and contractors, as well as green mortgages, will support revenue growth in the coming years. AI is also set to transform the industry, improving cost efficiencies by automating tasks like document verification, risk assessment and customer profiling.

As supply and demand issues continue wreaking havoc on housing construction in Australia, many other upstream and downstream industries will likely also feel the pain.

The Industrial Production Index (IPI) fell sharply in the United States during the Great Recession, reaching its lowest point in June 2009. The recession was triggered by the collapse of the U.S. housing market and the subsequent financial crisis in 2007 and 2008, during which a number of systemically critical financial institutions failed or came close to bankruptcy. The crisis in the financial sector quickly spread to the non-financial economy, where firms were adversely hit by the tightening of credit conditions and the drop in consumer confidence caused by the crisis. The largest monthly drop in the IPI came in September 2008, as Lehman Brothers collapsed and the U.S. government was forced to step in to backstop the financial sector. Industrial production would begin to recover in the Summer of 2009, but remained far below its pre-crisis levels.

Land-use and zoning of parcels in Phoenix’s 15 “Urban Village” planning units by year for 2002, 2006, and 2012. Includes agricultural, vacant/undeveloped, residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional land-uses, as well as public and private open-space. The first interval, 2002-2006, captures the early-2000s Housing Boom; the second interval, 2006-2012, captures the collapse of the housing market and onset of the Great Recession, bringing slowing of both land conversion and rezoning in Phoenix.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Title Insurance market size is USD 57181.2 million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.00% from 2024 to 2031.

North America held the major market of more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 22872.48 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.2% from 2024 to 2031.
Europe accounted for a share of over 30% of the global market size of USD 17154.36 million.
Asia Pacific held the market of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 13151.68 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.0%from 2024 to 2031.
Latin America market of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 2859.06 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.4% from 2024 to 2031.
Middle East and Africa held the major market of around 2% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1143.62 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.7% from 2024 to 2031.
The dominant end user category is the enterprise segment, which includes businesses and organizations that require title insurance for commercial properties and real estate transactions.

Market Dynamics of Title Insurance Market

Key Drivers for Title Insurance Market

Increasing Property Transactions to Increase the Demand Globally

One key driver propelling the Title Insurance market is the steady rise in property transactions. As the real estate industry continues to expand globally, fueled by urbanization, population growth, and economic development, the demand for title insurance has surged. Property buyers and lenders increasingly recognize the importance of safeguarding their investments against potential title defects, encumbrances, or legal disputes that may arise in the future. This heightened awareness has led to a greater adoption of title insurance policies, driving market growth. Additionally, regulatory mandates in many jurisdictions require title insurance as a prerequisite for property transactions, further boosting market demand. As property markets remain dynamic and resilient, the increasing volume of real estate transactions is expected to sustain the growth momentum of the Title Insurance market.

Evolving Regulatory Landscape to Propel Market Growth

Another crucial driver shaping the Title Insurance market is the evolving regulatory landscape governing real estate transactions. Regulatory changes, including updates to property laws, mortgage regulations, and consumer protection measures, have a significant impact on the demand for title insurance. Stricter regulations often necessitate comprehensive due diligence procedures and risk mitigation strategies, prompting property buyers and lenders to seek robust title insurance coverage. Moreover, regulatory reforms aimed at enhancing transparency and reducing fraud in property transactions have contributed to the growing adoption of title insurance as a risk management tool. Market players in the title insurance industry are continually adapting their products and services to align with evolving regulatory requirements, thereby driving market growth. As regulatory frameworks continue to evolve, the demand for title insurance is expected to remain strong, especially in regions undergoing significant legislative changes in the real estate sector.

Restraint Factor for the Title Insurance Market

Economic Downturns and Property Market Volatility to Limit the Sales

One key restraints affecting the Title Insurance market is its vulnerability to economic downturns and property market volatility. During periods of economic uncertainty or recession, property transactions tend to decline, leading to a reduction in demand for title insurance. Economic downturns also increase the risk of mortgage defaults and foreclosures, which can result in higher claims payouts for title insurers. Additionally, property market volatility, influenced by factors such as fluctuating interest rates, regulatory changes, and geopolitical events, can impact the stability of the Title Insurance market. Uncertain property valuations and shifting market dynamics can make it challenging for title insurers to accurately assess risks and set premiums, leading to potential revenue losses. As such, the Title Insurance market is sensitive to mac...

With the collapse of the U.S. housing market and the subsequent financial crisis on Wall Street in 2007 and 2008, economies across the globe began to enter into deep recessions. What had started out as a crisis centered on the United States quickly became global in nature, as it became apparent that not only had the economies of other advanced countries (grouped together as the G7) become intimately tied to the U.S. financial system, but that many of them had experienced housing and asset price bubbles similar to that in the U.S.. The United Kingdom had experienced a huge inflation of housing prices since the 1990s, while Eurozone members (such as Germany, France and Italy) had financial sectors which had become involved in reckless lending to economies on the periphery of the EU, such as Greece, Ireland and Portugal. Other countries, such as Japan, were hit heavily due their export-led growth models which suffered from the decline in international trade. Unemployment during the Great Recession As business and consumer confidence crashed, credit markets froze, and international trade contracted, the unemployment rate in the most advanced economies shot up. While four to five percent is generally considered to be a healthy unemployment rate, nearing full employment in the economy (when any remaining unemployment is not related to a lack of consumer demand), many of these countries experienced rates at least double that, with unemployment in the United States peaking at almost 10 percent in 2010. In large countries, unemployment rates of this level meant millions or tens of millions of people being out of work, which led to political pressures to stimulate economies and create jobs. By 2012, many of these countries were seeing declining unemployment rates, however, in France and Italy rates of joblessness continued to increase as the Euro crisis took hold. These countries suffered from having a monetary policy which was too tight for their economies (due to the ECB controlling interest rates) and fiscal policy which was constrained by EU debt rules. Left with the option of deregulating their labor markets and pursuing austerity policies, their unemployment rates remained over 10 percent well into the 2010s. Differences in labor markets The differences in unemployment rates at the peak of the crisis (2009-2010) reflect not only the differences in how economies were affected by the downturn, but also the differing labor market institutions and programs in the various countries. Countries with more 'liberalized' labor markets, such as the United States and United Kingdom experienced sharp jumps in their unemployment rate due to the ease at which employers can lay off workers in these countries. When the crisis subsided in these countries, however, their unemployment rates quickly began to drop below those of the other countries, due to their more dynamic labor markets which make it easier to hire workers when the economy is doing well. On the other hand, countries with more 'coordinated' labor market institutions, such as Germany and Japan, experiences lower rates of unemployment during the crisis, as programs such as short-time work, job sharing, and wage restraint agreements were used to keep workers in their jobs. While these countries are less likely to experience spikes in unemployment during crises, the highly regulated nature of their labor markets mean that they are slower to add jobs during periods of economic prosperity.

United States Home Warranty Market was valued at USD 4,262.56 Million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 5,682.72 Million by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 4.19% from 2026 to 2032.The aging housing stock in the United States is a significant driver of growth for the U.S. Home Warranty Market, as a significant portion of homes now require ongoing repairs, system upgrades, and appliance replacements. This aging trend has accelerated in recent years, mainly due to a slowdown in new housing construction after the Great Recession, combined with persistent economic barriers including rising material costs, labor shortages, and elevated interest rates that have hampered the supply of newer homes. As a result, millions of homeowners now live-in homes built in earlier decades, creating a vast market need for repair-oriented services like home warranties.

The South Africa Commercial Real Estate Market Report is Segmented by Property Type (Offices, Retail, Logistics, Others), by Business Model (Sales, Rental), by End-User (Individuals/Households, Corporates & SMEs, Others), and by Geography (Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth/Gqeberha, Rest of South Africa). The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

This fifteenth Orange County Annual Survey, UCI, examines several topics of recent relevance in Orange County and analyzes social, economic and political trends over time. The survey measures the extent to which Orange County has recovered from the economic recession and the county government's bankruptcy. It does this by analyzing trends in attitudes toward the economy, quality of life, local government, consumer confidence and personal finance. A special focus this year is to better understand attitudes about charity and charitable giving. Finally, it continues to track trends over time in the county's most important problems, transportation, housing and the political climate. The sample size is 1,000 Orange County adult residents.
Online data analysis & additional documentation in Link below.