In 2023/24 approximately 3.9 million children in the United Kingdom were living in absolute poverty after housing costs were considered, with a further 6.9 million working-age adults living in this situation, 1.6 million pensioners, and 5,4 million families where someone is disabled.

In 2024, 15% of Black households were in fuel poverty – the highest percentage out of all ethnic groups.

The English Housing Survey (EHS) Fuel Poverty Datasets are comprised of fuel poverty variables derived from the EHS, and a number of EHS variables commonly used in fuel poverty reporting. The EHS is a continuous national survey commissioned by the Ministry of Housing, Community and Local Government (MHCLG) that collects information about people's housing circumstances and the condition and energy efficiency of housing in England.

Safeguarded and Special Licence Versions
Similar to the main EHS, two versions of the Fuel Poverty dataset are available from 2014 onwards. The Special Licence version contains additional, more detailed, variables, and is therefore subject to more restrictive access conditions. Users should check the Safeguarded Licence (previously known as End User Licence (EUL)) version first to see whether it meets their needs, before making an application for the Special Licence version.

Fuel Poverty Statistics, 2016

Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency Rating (FPEER) figures for 2016 are based on improved RdSAP assumptions, introduced in November 2017. Users are therefore advised that there will be a step-change between 2016 data and data published in previous years. Please see section Chapter 1 of the fuel poverty publication for further information on RdSAP changes: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/annual-fuel-poverty-statistics-report-2018.

The fuel poverty dataset is comprised of fuel poverty variables derived from the English Housing Survey (EHS), and a number of EHS variables commonly used in fuel poverty reporting. The fieldwork for the EHS is carried out each financial year (between April and March). The fuel poverty datasets combine data from two consecutive financial years. The midpoint of this period is April 2016, which can be considered as the reference date for the fuel poverty dataset. Guidance on use of EHS data provided by DCLG should also be applied to the fuel poverty dataset. Full information on the EHS survey is available at the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) EHS website. Fuel Poverty Statistics are also available from gov.uk.

The majority of fuel poverty variables are included in the dataset deposited at the UK Data Archive under the standard End User Licence (SN 8393). To comply with the data disclosure control guidance issued by the Government Statistical Service, supplementary fuel poverty variables are released under this Special Licence version, which is subject to more restrictive access conditions (see Access section below). Users are advised to obtain SN 8393 to see whether it is suitable for their needs before making an application for the Special Licence version.

Besides the information contained in SN 8393, the Special Licence dataset also includes the following: more detailed income information, the amount of energy (kWh/year) used for space heating, water heating, cooking, light and appliances, as well as the annual cost for each of these, the Building Research Establishment Domestic Energy Model (BREDEM) floor area and the boiler efficiency after control adjustment. More information about the extra variables can be found in the Fuel Poverty Special Licence Dataset Documentation.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The English Housing Survey (EHS) Fuel Poverty Datasets are comprised of fuel poverty variables derived from the EHS, and a number of EHS variables commonly used in fuel poverty reporting. The EHS is a continuous national survey commissioned by the Ministry of Housing, Community and Local Government (MHCLG) that collects information about people's housing circumstances and the condition and energy efficiency of housing in England.

Safeguarded and Special Licence Versions
Similar to the main EHS, two versions of the Fuel Poverty dataset are available from 2014 onwards. The Special Licence version contains additional, more detailed, variables, and is therefore subject to more restrictive access conditions. Users should check the Safeguarded Licence (previously known as End User Licence (EUL)) version first to see whether it meets their needs, before making an application for the Special Licence version.

The English Housing Survey: Fuel Poverty Dataset, 2022: Special Licence is the outcome of analysis conducted to produce estimates of fuel poverty in England in 2022 undertaken by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ).

Fuel poverty in England is measured using the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) indicator, which considers a household to be fuel poor if:

• it is living in a property with an energy efficiency rating of band D, E, F or G as determined by the most up-to-date Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency Rating (FPEER) Methodology; and
• its disposable income (income after housing costs (AHC) and energy costs) would be below the poverty line. The poverty line (income poverty) is defined as an equivalised disposable income of less than 60 per cent of the national median in Section 2 of the ONS publication 'Persistent poverty in the UK and EU: 2017'.

The Low Income Low Energy Efficiency model is a dual indicator, which allows us to measure not only the extent of the problem (how many fuel poor households there are), but also the depth of the problem (how badly affected each fuel poor household is). The depth of fuel poverty is calculated using the fuel poverty gap. This is the reduction in fuel costs needed for a household to not be in fuel poverty. This is either the change in required fuel costs associated with increasing the energy efficiency of a fuel poor household to a Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency Rating (FPEER) of band C or reducing the costs sufficiently to meet the income threshold.

The fuel poverty dataset is derived from the English Housing Survey, 2022 database created by the MHCLG. This database is constructed from fieldwork carried out between April 2021 and March 2023. The midpoint of this period is April 2022, which can be considered as the reference date for this dataset.

A brief summary of each of the variables included in the English Housing Survey: Fuel Poverty Dataset, 2022: Special Licence dataset is included in the study documentation. The variables can be grouped into the following categories:

• Low Income Low Energy Efficiency fuel poverty indicator variables
• income and fuel costs variables
• 10 per cent affordability indicator variables
• additional fuel poverty variables
• English Housing Survey variables
• policy eligibility flags
• income split variables
• energy cost variables
• energy use variables
• weights
• variables introduced in 2015 data release (first published 2017)

The StatXplore Children in low-income families' local area statistics (CiLIF) provides information on the number of children living in Relative low income by local area across the United Kingdom.The summary Statistical Release and tables which also show the proportions of children living in low income families are available here: Children in low income families: local area statistics - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)Statistics on the number of children (by age) in low income families by financial year are published on Stat-Xplore. Figures are calibrated to the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) survey regional estimates of children in low income but provide more granular local area information not available from the HBAI, for example by Local Authority, Westminster Parliamentary Constituency and Ward.

Relative low-income is defined as a family in low income Before Housing Costs (BHC) in the reference year. A family must have claimed Child Benefit and at least one other household benefit (Universal Credit, tax credits, or Housing Benefit) at any point in the year to be classed as low income in these statistics. Gross income measure is Before Housing Costs (BHC) and includes contributions from earnings, state support and pensions.

Between 2019 and 2023, people living in households in the Asian and ‘Other’ ethnic groups were most likely to be in persistent low income before and after housing costs

As of 2023/24 approximately 10.1 million people were living in absolute poverty in the United Kingdom, with that number increasing to 12.3 million when housing costs are considered.

The data covers 2011 LSOA estimates for the number and percentage of households in fuel poverty for the Cambridge sub-region from 2008 to 2012. There are two ways to measure this; 10% income on fuel and high cost/low income model (2011 onwards) and the Cambridgeshire atlas | Fuel Poverty http://www.cambridgeshireinsight.org.uk/housing/existing-homes/fuel-poverty shows both of these.

The percentage of people defined as having low incomes in the United Kingdom has declined from **** percent in 1994/95 to **** percent in 2023/24, after housing costs are considered, and from **** percent to ** percent in the same time period before housing costs are considered.

In every period covered by this data, white households were less likely to be in fuel poverty than households in all other ethnic groups combined.

Part 4 out of 4 For more information, see: http://www.endchildpoverty.org.uk/poverty-in-your-area-2016/ Estimated rates of child poverty from 2016 and 2018 on the level of child poverty in each constituency, local authority and ward in the UK before and after housing costs. Data is split across 26 xlsx files. For more information, visit http://www.endchildpoverty.org.uk/poverty-in-your-area-2016/ and https://mss.carto.com/viz/064da52a-2edc-4b7b-a709-f3697a5928b0/public_map Visualisations on % children living in poverty can be found here: https://mss.carto.com/viz/064da52a-2edc-4b7b-a709-f3697a5928b0/public_map Estimated rates of child poverty from 2016 and 2018 on the level of child poverty in each constituency, local authority and ward in the UK before and after housing costs. Data is split across 26 xlsx files. For more information, visit http://www.endchildpoverty.org.uk/poverty-in-your-area-2016/ and https://mss.carto.com/viz/064da52a-2edc-4b7b-a709-f3697a5928b0/public_map

About the dataset This dataset uses information from the DWP benefit system to provide estimates of children living in poverty for wards in London. In order to be counted in this dataset, a family must have claimed Child Benefit and at least one other household benefit (Universal Credit, tax credits or Housing Benefit) during the year. The numbers are calibrated to the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) dataset used to provide the government's headline poverty statistics. The definition of relative low income is living in a household with equivalised* income before housing costs (BHC) below 60% of contemporary national median income. The income measure includes contributions from earnings, state support and pensions. Further detail on the estimates of dependent children living in relative low income, including alternative geographical breakdowns and additional variables, such as age of children, family type and work status are available from DWP's statistical tabulation tool Stat-Xplore. Minor adjustments to the data have been applied to guard against the identification of individual claimants. This dataset replaced the DWP children in out-of-work benefit households and HMRC children in low income families local measure releases. This dataset includes estimates for all wards in London of numbers of dependent children living in relative low income families for each financial year from 2014/15 to the latest available (2022/23). The figures for the latest year are provisional and are subject to minor revision when the next dataset is released by DWP. Headlines Number of children The number of dependent children living in relative low income across London, rose from below 310,000 in the financial year ending 2015 to over 420,000 in the financial year ending 2020, but has decreased since then to below 350,000, which is well below the number for financial year ending 2018. While many wards in London have followed a similar pattern, the numbers of children in low income families in some wards have fallen more sharply, while the numbers in other wards have continued to grow. Proportion of children in each London ward Ward population sizes vary across London, the age profile of that population also varies and both the size and make-up of the population can change over time, so in order to make more meaningful comparisons between wards or over time, DWP have also published rates, though see note below regarding caution when using these figures. A dependent child is anyone aged under 16; or aged 16 to 19 in full-time non-advanced education or in unwaged government training. Ward level estimates for the total number of dependent children are not available, so percentages cannot be derived. Ward level estimates for the percentage of children under 16 living in low income families are usually published by DWP but, in its latest release, ward-level population estimates were not available at the time, so no rates were published. To derive the rates in this dataset, the GLA has used the ONS's latest ward-level population estimates (official statistics in development). Percentages for 2021/22 are calculated using the 2021 mid year estimates, while percentages for 2022/23 are calculated using the 2022 mid year estimates. As these are official statistics in development, rates therefore need to be treated with some caution. Notes *equivalised income is adjusted for household size and composition in order to compare living standards between households of different types.

The figures presented here are from the End Child Poverty Coalition are based on tax credit data, used to estimate the percentage of children on low incomes in local authorities, parliamentary constituencies and wards across the UK. They also use national trends in worklessness to estimate recent changes in the number of children who are in poverty because their parents have lost their jobs, to update the local tax credit data which is more than two years old. This is not a direct measure of exactly how many children are in poverty on the official definition, but is based on the closest to an equivalent measure we have of local levels of child poverty. The data have been adjusted to produce figures compatible with the measures derived from the national survey of income, showing how many children live in households with below 60 per cent of median income. Specifically, the adjustments ensure that the total reported level of child poverty, before and after housing costs, is similar when adding up all the local figures as the official national totals. Thus, the local data gives an idea of the relative poverty levels in different areas, but are adjusted to estimate what these actual levels would be if they could be measured on the same basis as the national household income survey. The local data starts by classifying children in poverty if they live in families in receipt of out of work benefits or in receipt of in-work tax credits where their reported family income is less than 60 per cent of median income. This indicator, compiled officially as a local estimate of child poverty, has been reported for August 2011 by HMRC. However, on its own it is provides an inaccurate picture of actual child poverty, considerably overstating the numbers in out-of-work poverty and understating the numbers in working poverty. While these factors may balance out overall, they can seriously misrepresent the overall trend where working and non-working poverty change in different ways, as well as misrepresenting local differences where working poverty is relatively more important in some areas than others. Therefore, the figures include an upward adjustment in the in-work figure and a downward adjustment in the out-of-work figure. The adjustments are made separately to for AHC and BHC estimates, in each case according to how the total of the local estimates compare to the actual national measure. Figures are then updated, taking into account Labour Force Survey data on the number of children in non-working households for the final quarter of 2013. Additional metadata: - Licence: http://reference.data.gov.uk/id/open-government-licence

This indicator is defined as the ratio of the average house price (detached, semi-detached, terraced, flat/maisonette) in a local authority to the average, gross, full time annual earnings in a local authority. The purpose of this indicator is to monitor progress towards improving housing opportunities and affordable housing. It measures the relationship between average full time earnings and average house prices within an area and therefore provides an indication of how affordable housing is in that area. The ratio using residence based earnings information measures how affordable housing is for those living in the area, the indicator using workplace earnings information measures how affordable local housing is for those working in the area. The two together provide a picture of the different circumstances of those living or working in an area. Monitored over time this indicator will measure how quickly housing costs are increasing relative to the increase in average earnings. The indicator has limitations as it does not measure the affordability of privately rented or social housing. In addition, it only measures the income of people working full time and excludes part time workers, those who are self-employed and those claiming benefits. Information on those claiming benefits are measured by indicators 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.6 in the local basket of inequalities indicators. Nevertheless this indicator provides an indication of the overall housing opportunities in an area. This indicator has been discontinued and so there will be no further updates. Legacy unique identifier: P01086

This shows fuel poor households as a proportion of all households in the geographical area (modelled) using the Low Income Low Energy Efficiency (LILEE) measure. Since 2021 (2019 data) the LILEE indicator considers a household to be fuel poor if: it is living in a property with an energy efficiency rating of band D, E, F or G as determined by the most up-to-date Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency Rating (FPEER) methodologyits disposable income (income after housing costs (AHC) and energy needs) would be below the poverty line. The Government is interested in the amount of energy people need to consume to have a warm, well-lit home, with hot water for everyday use, and the running of appliances. Therefore, fuel poverty is measured based on required energy bills rather than actual spending. This ensures that those households who have low energy bills simply because they actively limit their use of energy at home, Fuel poverty statistics are based on data from the English Housing Survey (EHS). Estimates of fuel poverty at the regional level are taken from the main fuel poverty statistics. Estimates at the sub-regional level should only be used to look at general trends and identify areas of particularly high or low fuel poverty. They should not be used to identify trends over time.Data is Powered by LG Inform Plus and automatically checked for new data on the 4th of each month.

Percentage of households in fuel poverty as measured by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Statistics by tenure taken from the English Housing Survey. This dataset is one of the Greater London Authority's measures of Economic Fairness. Click here to find out more.