This page hosts the results of analysis carried out by the Greater London Authority of English Housing Survey microdata, including figures that have been referred to in Mayoral press releases.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The development of housing policy in Greater London required knowledge of the existing condition and quality of the housing stock and of the scope for rehabilitating unsatisfactory properties. The last major survey (SN: 1625) was carried out in 1967 and was now seriously out of date. The 1979 survey was therefore designed to provide comprehensive information on the current state of the dwelling stock in London.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

This survey was commissioned by the GLA and undertaken by Taylor Nelson Sofres. Over 8,150 interviews were achieved, sufficient for detailed data analysis at London city level and less detailed analysis at 'groups of boroughs' level.

No specific report of findings has been written, because the survey is intended primarily to support policy development, including the linkages between multiple aspects of needs. The data have so far been used by a wide range of GLA policy teams, government research analysts, and academics. The survey has also formed the basis for follow-up interview surveys (based on the 75%+ of respondents who gave permission at the end of the main interview), on topics such as access to e-governance.

Main Topics:

The survey covered a wide range of policy areas in moderate detail – household and personal characteristics (including income and savings), employment, transport, crime, health, disability, housing needs, moving intentions and history, use of the internet and access to standard lifestyle commodities.

Results from an online questionnaire into aspects of housing, job accessibilty and air quality

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts statistics for London city, Kentucky. QuickFacts data are derived from: Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, Current Population Survey, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits.

Graph and download economic data for Employed Persons in New London County, CT (LAUCN090110000000005) from Jan 1990 to Dec 2024 about New London County, CT; Norwich; CT; household survey; employment; persons; and USA.

In the 3 years to March 2023, 25% of households from the Arab ethnic group were overcrowded, compared with 2% of White British households.

The UK housing market continued to show significant regional variations in 2025, with London maintaining its position as the most expensive city for homebuyers. The average house price in the capital stood at 555,625 British pounds in February, nearly double the national average. However, the market dynamics are shifting, with London experiencing only a modest 1.7 percent annual increase, while other cities like Belfast and Liverpool saw more substantial growth of over nine percent respectively. Affordability challenges and market slowdown Despite the continued price growth in many cities, the UK housing market is facing headwinds. The affordability of mortgage repayments has become the biggest barrier to property purchases, with the majority of the respondents in a recent survey citing it as their main challenge. Moreover, a rising share of Brits have reported affordability as a challenge since 2021, reflecting the impact of rising house prices and higher mortgage rates. The market slowdown is evident in the declining housing transaction volumes, which have plummeted since 2021. European context The stark price differences are mirrored in the broader European context. While London boasts some of the highest property prices among European cities, a comparison of the average transaction price for new homes in different European countries shows a different picture. In 2023, the highest prices were found in Austria, Germany, and France.

In November 2014, 3,674 Londoners took part in the first London Survey run by Talk London, to tell us what they thought of the city and their neighbourhood.

The London Survey enables us to:

• Assess Londoners’ priorities across the breadth of Mayoral responsibilities

• Understand Londoners’ perceptions of their quality of life

• Identify those areas that require improvement, or where we need to improve outcomes for particular groups of people.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

• Results are based on interviews with 3,674 London residents aged 18+.

• Interviews were carried out online via the Talk London community between 3 Oct and 5 Nov.

• Interviews were not randomly sampled, but self-selecting via a number of known databases. This achieved a non-representative sample of Londoners.

• The data has been weighted by age, gender and ethnicity to reflect that of the London population.

• A minimum number of responses were achieved for each key demographic group to maintain a robust sample.

• Where results do not sum to 100% this may be due to multiple responses, computer rounding or the exclusion of don’t knows/not stated.

• The qualitative analysis of the open-ended questions 36, 37 and 38 was undertaken by SPA Future Thinking. Top level themes and sub themes are reported as a percentage of the overall base number of respondents (3,421 to all three questions). The top three sub themes are presented where available.

• This is the first London Survey conducted by Talk London for City Hall.

INFOGRAPHICS

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts statistics for London city, Ohio. QuickFacts data are derived from: Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, Current Population Survey, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits.

Housing zones are areas funded by the Mayor and government to attract developers and relevant partners to build new homes. The GIS files show the indicative boundaries, please contact the relevant London Borough to confirm accuracy. NOTE: The boundaries are based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey's 'presumption to publish'.Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2019.

Greater London Authority - Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0

About this dataset

Context

The dataset presents a breakdown of households across various income brackets in London, OH, as reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. The Census Bureau classifies households into different categories, including total households, family households, and non-family households. Our analysis of U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey data for London, OH reveals how household income distribution varies among these categories. The dataset highlights the variation in number of households with income, offering valuable insights into the distribution of London households based on income levels.

Key observations

• For Family Households: In London, the majority of family households, representing 17.72%, earn $150,000 to $199,999, showcasing a substantial share of the community families falling within this income bracket. Conversely, the minority of family households, comprising 0.43%, have incomes falling $200,000 or more, representing a smaller but still significant segment of the community.
• For Non-Family Households: In London, the majority of non-family households, accounting for 11.01%, have income $50,000 to $59,999, indicating that a substantial portion of non-family households falls within this income bracket. On the other hand, the minority of non-family households, comprising 0.0%, earn $200,000 or more, representing a smaller, yet notable, portion of non-family households in the community.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Income Levels:

• Less than $10,000
• $10,000 to $14,999
• $15,000 to $19,999
• $20,000 to $24,999
• $25,000 to $29,999
• $30,000 to $34,999
• $35,000 to $39,999
• $40,000 to $44,999
• $45,000 to $49,999
• $50,000 to $59,999
• $60,000 to $74,999
• $75,000 to $99,999
• $125,000 to $149,999
• $150,000 to $199,999
• $200,000 or more

Variables / Data Columns

• Income Level: The income level represents the income brackets ranging from Less than $10,000 to $200,000 or more in London, OH (As mentioned above).
• All Households: Count of households for the specified income level
• % All Households: Percentage of households at the specified income level relative to the total households in London, OH
• Family Households: Count of family households for the specified income level
• % Family Households: Percentage of family households at the specified income level relative to the total family households in London, OH
• Non-Family Households: Count of non-family households for the specified income level
• % Non-Family Households: Percentage of non-family households at the specified income level relative to the total non-family households in London, OH

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for London median household income. You can refer the same here

Percentage of households in fuel poverty as measured by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Statistics by tenure taken from the English Housing Survey. This dataset is one of the Greater London Authority's measures of Economic Fairness. Click here to find out more.

About 36 percent of homeowners in England were aged 65 and above, which contrasts sharply with younger age groups, particularly those under 35. Young adults between 25 and 35, made up 15 percent of homeowners and had a dramatically lower homeownership rate. The disparity highlights the growing challenges faced by younger generations in entering the property market, a trend that has significant implications for wealth distribution and social mobility. Barriers to homeownership for young adults The path to homeownership has become increasingly difficult for young adults in the UK. A 2023 survey revealed that mortgage affordability was the greatest obstacle to property purchase. This represents a 39 percent increase from 2021, reflecting the impact of rising house prices and mortgage rates. Despite these challenges, one in three young adults still aspire to get on the property ladder as soon as possible, though many have put their plans on hold. The need for additional financial support from family, friends, and lenders has become more prevalent, with one in five young adults acknowledging this necessity. Regional disparities and housing supply The housing market in England faces regional challenges, with North West England and the West Midlands experiencing the largest mismatch between housing supply and demand in 2023. This imbalance is evident in the discrepancy between new homes added to the housing stock and the number of new households formed. London, despite showing signs of housing shortage, has seen the largest difference between homes built and households formed. The construction of new homes has been volatile, with a significant drop in 2020, a rebound in 2021 and a gradual decline until 2024.

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts statistics for New London city, Connecticut. QuickFacts data are derived from: Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, Current Population Survey, Small Area Health Insurance Estimates, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits.

Households from the Black Caribbean, Mixed White and Black Caribbean, and Bangladeshi ethnic groups were most likely to rent social housing in the 2 years from April 2021 to March 2023.

The Communal Heating Consumer Survey was conducted in October 2017 to collect feedback from consumers on their views on the quality and satisfaction of the communal heating scheme which provides space heating and hot water to their properties. A report has been published a year after, summarising the survey's key findings and results, and it can be downloaded here. The GLA is aware that residents in some new developments where CHP systems have been installed have expressed concerns about aspects of their heating arrangements. To better understand the issues, in October 2017 the GLA has undertaken a customer experience survey of residents of housing developments in London whose heating arrangements incorporate a communal heating system / on-site district heating network supplied by CHP. This has involved schemes installed both pre- and post-London Plan (2009). A total of 384 responses were gained from 44 sites across London. The survey conclusions have been contrasted with those of similar recent studies carried out by other organisations. The BEIS Heat Network Consumer Survey (2017) and this survey both conclude that heat customers served by communal heating systems and heat networks, including CHP, are generally satisfied with their heating arrangements.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The General Household Survey (GHS), ran from 1971-2011 (the UKDS holds data from 1972-2011). It was a continuous annual national survey of people living in private households, conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). The main aim of the survey was to collect data on a range of core topics, covering household, family and individual information. This information was used by government departments and other organisations for planning, policy and monitoring purposes, and to present a picture of households, families and people in Great Britain. In 2008, the GHS became a module of the Integrated Household Survey (IHS). In recognition, the survey was renamed the General Lifestyle Survey (GLF). The GLF closed in January 2012. The 2011 GLF is therefore the last in the series. A limited number of questions previously run on the GLF were subsequently included in the Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN).

Secure Access GHS/GLF
The UKDS holds standard access End User Licence (EUL) data for 1972-2006. A Secure Access version is available, covering the years 2000-2011 - see SN 6716 General Lifestyle Survey, 2000-2011: Secure Access.

History
The GHS was conducted annually until 2011, except for breaks in 1997-1998 when the survey was reviewed, and 1999-2000 when the survey was redeveloped. Further information may be found in the ONS document An overview of 40 years of data (General Lifestyle Survey Overview - a report on the 2011 General Lifestyle Survey) (PDF). Details of changes each year may be found in the individual study documentation.

EU-SILC
In 2005, the European Union (EU) made a legal obligation (EU-SILC) for member states to collect additional statistics on income and living conditions. In addition, the EU-SILC data cover poverty and social exclusion. These statistics are used to help plan and monitor European social policy by comparing poverty indicators and changes over time across the EU. The EU-SILC requirement was integrated into the GHS/GLF in 2005. After the closure of the GLF, EU-SILC was collected via the Family Resources Survey (FRS) until the UK left the EU in 2020.

Reformatted GHS data 1973-1982 - Surrey SPSS Files
SPSS files were created by the University of Surrey for all GHS years from 1973 to 1982 inclusive. The early files were restructured and the case changed from the household to the individual with all of the household information duplicated for each individual. The Surrey SPSS files contain all the original variables as well as some extra derived variables (a few variables were omitted from the data files for 1973-76). In 1973 only, the section on leisure was not included in the Surrey SPSS files. This has subsequently been made available, however, and is now held in a separate study, General Household Survey, 1973: Leisure Questions (SN 3982). Records for the original GHS 1973-1982 ASCII files have been removed from the UK Data Archive catalogue, but the data are still preserved and available upon request.

Main Topics:

The main GHS consisted of a household questionnaire, completed by the Household Reference Person (HRP), and an individual questionnaire, completed by all adults aged 16 and over resident in the household. A number of different trailers each year covering extra topics were included in later (post-review) surveys in the series from 2000.

• The household questionnaire covered the following topics: household information, accommodation type, housing tenure/costs, and consumer durables including vehicle ownership.
• The individual questionnaire included data from the household dataset, and additional sections on migration/citizenship/national identity/ethnicity, employment, pensions, education, health, child care, smoking, drinking, family information, financial situation, and income.
  

This table shows the numbers and percentages of all households by each housing tenure category, including, owned outright, being bought with mortgage or loan, or rented from Local Authority, Housing Association or private landlord.

Other Rented includes renting from employing organisation, another organisation, relative of household member and individual employer.
Numbers are rounded to the nearest hundred.
Percentages were calculated on unrounded numbers and then rounded to the nearest whole percent.
Sample for the City of London is too low to provide any data.

The Annual Population Survey (APS) and Integrated Household Surveys (IHS) are sample surveys and therefore numbers and percentages at borough level are indicative only.

IHS is a new dataset not available before 2010. Pre 2010 data comes from the APS. Due to differences in the source data, the two years cannot be directly compared. IHS data has a larger sample size and is therefore more reliable.

The Mayor's London Housing Strategy introduced the idea of Housing Zones, a new initiative to accelerate housing delivery in areas with high development potential. More Information on Housing Zones can be found on the GLA's website.

The boundaries were defined by the Local Authorities in their bid documents and a set of indicative boundaries is provided here as a set of GIS files for convenience. As further Housing Zones are announced, the GIS file will be updated.

Please contact the relevant Local Authority if you require the definitive boundary.

NOTE: The boundaries are based on Ordnance Survey mapping and the data is published under Ordnance Survey's 'presumption to publish'.

Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database rights 2015.