Full Year GDP Growth in European Union increased to 1 percent in 2024 from 0.40 percent in 2023. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for European Union Full Year GDP Growth.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) In the Euro Area was worth 16406.13 billion US dollars in 2024, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Euro Area represents 14.74 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The value of goods and services purchased or produced by general government and directly supplied to private households for consumption purposes. Expressed in million euro (current prices) and as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP).

This dataset provides values for GDP ANNUAL GROWTH RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure for the economic activity. It refers to the value of the total output of goods and services produced by an economy, less intermediate consumption, plus net taxes on products and imports. GDP per capita is calculated as the ratio of GDP to the average population in a specific year. Basic figures are expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS), which represents a common currency that eliminates the differences in price levels between countries to allow meaningful volume comparisons of GDP. The values are also offered as an index calculated in relation to the European Union average set to equal 100. If the index of a country is higher than 100, this country's level of GDP per head is higher than the EU average and vice versa. Please note that this index is intended for cross-country comparisons rather than for temporal comparisons. Finally, the disparities indicator offered for EU aggregates is calculated as the coefficient of variation of the national figures. This time series offers a measure of the convergence of economic activity between the EU Member States.

Statistical annexes published with DG ECFIN's macro-economic forecasts. The statistical annex of European Economy contains the main body of macroeconomic data underlying the forecast publications of DG ECFIN. Tables are derived from AMECO, the macroeconomic working database of the Directorate General. They include long historical series and the DG's forecasts. Countries covered are EU-28, the euro area, EU Member States, candidate countries, United States and Japan.

A country’s terms of trade measures a country's export prices in relation to its import prices. The terms of trade are a measure of a country's trade competitiveness since they indicate how much imports an economy can get for a unit of export goods and services. They are calculated as the ratio of the price index for exports of goods and services to the price index for imports of goods and services. These are obtained by dividing current prices by chain-linked volumes using the standard reference year 2015. The indicator refers to the percentage change over 5 years, i.e. data are expressed as percentage change comparing year Y with the year Y–5.

The dataset is based on mobile big data obtained from advertisement systems on smartphones. It provides an upper bound of the number of drivers and couriers at very low levels of spatial aggregation.

Consumer Spending in European Union increased to 1898.54 EUR Billion in the second quarter of 2025 from 1892.77 EUR Billion in the first quarter of 2025. This dataset provides - European Union Consumer Spending- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Taxation underpins modern political economies by generating revenue, redistributing resources, and shaping private economic behavior. While comparative political economy has extensively analyzed taxation’s redistributive and stabilizing functions, its allocative role—how states use taxes to direct investment and production—remains understudied. This gap is partly due to the complexity of tax systems, where statutory rates alone fail to capture real incentives. Effective taxation measures address this challenge by assessing the actual burdens borne by firms and individuals. Responding to this need, we introduce a new dataset of effective tax rates on labor and capital for 30 European countries between 1990 and 2021, based on a backward-looking marginal tax approach. This dataset provides a foundation for cross-national research into how taxation influences resource allocation, firm strategies, and growth regimes, particularly in the context of technological and labor market transformations. By offering new empirical tools, this research note advances the integration of taxation into the comparative political economy of production and growth.

EUROSTAT maritime transport economic data can be found in two dataset: --> Table of trade and transport margins dataset Which data description is: Since September 2014, national accounts are compiled in accordance with the European System of Accounts - ESA 2010. Supply, use and input-output tables are part of the National Accounts transmission program. The timeliness for supply, use and input-output tables is set to 36 months after the end of the reference year. For example, data for the year 2015 should be transmitted to Eurostat not later tg-han by end of December 2018. The transmission program sets the requirements for the transmission of national data by Member States and partners countries. Every year countries transmit the supply and use tables. Every 5 years (for reference years ending with 0 or 5) countries transmit input-output tables (product by product) and detailed use tables at basic prices and valuation tables. Data are presented in million Euro in current prices (basic prices and a transformation into purchaser's prices for the supply side). The geographic coverage is the Member States of EU. Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union defines the requirements for Member States. The EU and EA consolidated Supply, use and input-output tables describe by product and industry the production processes and the transactions in products of the European Union economy with great detail. The consolidated supply, use and input-output tables for the EU describe the aggregation of the EU Member States data, from which the intra trade data has been treated (respectively for the Euro Area). The data is presented in a framework where the domestic part corresponds to the area of EU, the import part corresponds to imports from outside of the area EU. --> and in the structural business statistics - historical data (sbs_h) Which data description is: Structural business statistics (SBS) describes the structure, conduct and performance of economic activities, down to the most detailed activity level (several hundred economic sectors). SBS are transmitted annually by the EU Member States on the basis of a legal obligation from 1995 onwards. SBS covers all activities of the business economy with the exception of agricultural activities and personal services and the data are provided by all EU Member States, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland, some candidate and potential candidate countries. The data are collected by domain of activity (annex) : Annex I - Services, Annex II - Industry, Annex III - Trade and Annex IV- Constructions and by datasets. Each annex contains several datasets as indicated in the SBS Regulation. The majority of the data is collected by National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) by means of statistical surveys, business registers or from various administrative sources. Regulatory or controlling national offices for financial institutions or central banks often provide the information required for the financial sector (NACE Rev 2 Section K / NACE Rev 1.1 Section J). Member States apply various statistical methods, according to the data source, such as grossing up, model based estimation or different forms of imputation, to ensure the quality of SBSs produced. Main characteristics (variables) of the SBS data category: Business Demographic variables (e.g. Number of enterprises) "Output related" variables (e.g. Turnover, Value added) "Input related" variables: labour input (e.g. Employment, Hours worked); goods and services input (e.g. Total of purchases); capital input (e.g. Material investments) All SBS characteristics are published on Eurostat’s website by tables and an example of the existent tables is presented below: Annual enterprise statistics: Characteristics collected are published by country and detailed on NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 class level (4-digits). Some classes or groups in 'services' section have been aggregated. Annual enterprise statistics broken down by size classes: Characteristics are published by country and detailed down to NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 group level (3-digits) and employment size class. For trade (NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 Section G) a supplementary breakdown by turnover size class is available. Annual regional statistics: Four characteristics are published by NUTS-2 country region and detailed on NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 division level (2-digits) (but to group level (3-digits) for the trade section). More information on the contents of different tables: the detail level and breakdowns required starting with the reference year 2008 is defined in Commission Regulation N° 251/2009. For previous reference years it is included in Commission Regulations (EC) N° 2701/98 and amended by Commission Regulation N°1614/2002 and Commission Regulation N°1669/2003. Several important derived indicators are generated in the form of ratios of certain monetary characteristics or per head values. A list with the available derived indicators is available below in the Annex.

SDGTS_DB_NUTS_raw.zip (1980-2024 Europe SDG raw dataset): Time series, with missing data where not available at the Eurostat source, of statistical indicators available for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Europe at three NUTS levels of geographical distribution---regions (NUTS2), supra-regions (NUTS1), and countries (NUTS0)---across EU member states, candidate countries, and EFTA members from 1980 to 2024.

SDGTS_DB_NUTS_nona.zip (2019-2024 Europe SDG complete dataset): Time series, with no missing data after imputation, suitable for DEA-based analysis, of statistical indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Europe at the NUTS2 regional level of geographical distribution across EU member states, candidate countries, and EFTA members from 2019 to 2024.

SDGTS_DB_NUTS_nona_alt.zip (2019-2024 Europe SDG complete dataset): Time series, with no missing data after imputation, suitable for non-DEA-based analysis, of statistical indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Europe at the NUTS2 regional level of geographical distribution across EU member states, candidate countries, and EFTA members from 2019 to 2024.

README file: outline of the structure of each dataset, naming conventions, file encoding formats, and definitions and units of all SDG indicators used.

TableA2-SDG_scores_over_time.pdf (2019-2030 Europe SDG scores): DEA-based SDG scores computed as described in Fernández-Macho (2025), DEA-based impact assessment and forecasting: The case of SDG compliance in Europe after Covid-19, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6614879/v1.

TThe ERS International Macroeconomic Data Set provides historical and projected data for 181 countries that account for more than 99 percent of the world economy. These data and projections are assembled explicitly to serve as underlying assumptions for the annual USDA agricultural supply and demand projections, which provide a 10-year outlook on U.S. and global agriculture. The macroeconomic projections describe the long-term, 10-year scenario that is used as a benchmark for analyzing the impacts of alternative scenarios and macroeconomic shocks.

Explore the International Macroeconomic Data Set 2015 for annual growth rates, consumer price indices, real GDP per capita, exchange rates, and more. Get detailed projections and forecasts for countries worldwide.

Annual growth rates, Consumer price indices (CPI), Real GDP per capita, Real exchange rates, Population, GDP deflator, Real gross domestic product (GDP), Real GDP shares, GDP, projections, Forecast, Real Estate, Per capita, Deflator, share, Exchange Rates, CPI

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, WORLD Follow data.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research. Notes:

Developed countries/1 Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Other Western Europe, European Union 27, North America

Developed countries less USA/2 Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Other Western Europe, European Union 27, Canada

Developing countries/3 Africa, Middle East, Other Oceania, Asia less Japan, Latin America;

Low-income developing countries/4 Haiti, Afghanistan, Nepal, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe;

Emerging markets/5 Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Russia, China, India, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore

BRIICs/5 Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China; Former Centrally Planned Economies

Former centrally planned economies/7 Cyprus, Malta, Recently acceded countries, Other Central Europe, Former Soviet Union

USMCA/8 Canada, Mexico, United States

Europe and Central Asia/9 Europe, Former Soviet Union

Middle East and North Africa/10 Middle East and North Africa

Other Southeast Asia outlook/11 Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam

Other South America outlook/12 Chile, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay

Indicator Source

Real gross domestic product (GDP) World Bank World Development Indicators, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service all converted to a 2015 base year.

Real GDP per capita U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, GDP table and Population table.

GDP deflator World Bank World Development Indicators, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service, all converted to a 2015 base year.

Real GDP shares U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, GDP table.

Real exchange rates U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Macroeconomic Data Set, CPI table, and Nominal XR and Trade Weights tables developed by the Economic Research Service.

Consumer price indices (CPI) International Financial Statistics International Monetary Fund, IHS Global Insight, Oxford Economics Forecasting, as well as estimated and projected values developed by the Economic Research Service, all converted to a 2015 base year.

Population Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, International Data Base.

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 2 rows and is filtered where the books is The future of the European economy. It features 2 columns including publication dates.

EUROSTAT Shipbuilding economic data can be found in --> Structural business statistics (SBS) dataset Which data description is: SBS describes the structure, conduct and performance of economic activities, down to the most detailed activity level (several hundred economic sectors). SBS are transmitted annually by the EU Member States on the basis of a legal obligation from 1995 onwards. SBS covers all activities of the business economy with the exception of agricultural activities and personal services and the data are provided by all EU Member States, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland, some candidate and potential candidate countries. The data are collected by domain of activity (annex) : Annex I - Services, Annex II - Industry, Annex III - Trade and Annex IV- Constructions and by datasets. Each annex contains several datasets as indicated in the SBS Regulation. The majority of the data is collected by National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) by means of statistical surveys, business registers or from various administrative sources. Regulatory or controlling national offices for financial institutions or central banks often provide the information required for the financial sector (NACE Rev 2 Section K / NACE Rev 1.1 Section J). Member States apply various statistical methods, according to the data source, such as grossing up, model based estimation or different forms of imputation, to ensure the quality of SBSs produced. Main characteristics (variables) of the SBS data category: Business Demographic variables (e.g. Number of enterprises) "Output related" variables (e.g. Turnover, Value added) "Input related" variables: labour input (e.g. Employment, Hours worked); goods and services input (e.g. Total of purchases); capital input (e.g. Material investments) All SBS characteristics are published on Eurostat’s website by tables and an example of the existent tables is presented below: Annual enterprise statistics: Characteristics collected are published by country and detailed on NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 class level (4-digits). Some classes or groups in 'services' section have been aggregated. Annual enterprise statistics broken down by size classes: Characteristics are published by country and detailed down to NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 group level (3-digits) and employment size class. For trade (NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 Section G) a supplementary breakdown by turnover size class is available. Annual regional statistics: Four characteristics are published by NUTS-2 country region and detailed on NACE Rev 2 and NACE Rev 1.1 division level (2-digits) (but to group level (3-digits) for the trade section). More information on the contents of different tables: the detail level and breakdowns required starting with the reference year 2008 is defined in Commission Regulation N° 251/2009. For previous reference years it is included in Commission Regulations (EC) N° 2701/98 and amended by Commission Regulation N°1614/2002 and Commission Regulation N°1669/2003. Several important derived indicators are generated in the form of ratios of certain monetary characteristics or per head values. A list with the available derived indicators is available below in the Annex --> and sold production, exports and imports dataset Which data description is: Prodcom contains Prodcom statistics on production of manufactured goods together with related external trade data. The data characteristics described in this documentation refer to the Prodcom production data. For external trade data characteristics, please see documentation for Comext. From reference year 2021 onwards, the Prodcom data includes: -- the physical volume of production sold during the survey period -- the physical volume of production under sub-contracted operations during the survey period -- the value of production sold during the survey period -- the value of production under sub-contracted operations during the survey period -- for some products, the volume of actual production during the survey period The Prodcom data is obtained by the National Statistical Institutes (NSIs) who conduct a survey of enterprises. Eurostat calculates EU totals at EU-15, EU-25, EU-27_2007 and EU-27_2020 level (depending on the year) from the national data. For more details please see here below: "INDICATORS metadata.xlsx" dimension metadata used online (COMEXT, Data Browser) is available in EN, FR, DE. The explanatory note "Quick guide to accessing PRODCOM data in the Eurostat's Data Browser DS-056120" provides detailed description to annual sold production. The explanatory note "Quick guide to accessing PRODCOM data in the Eurostat's Data Browser DS-056121" provides detailed description to annual total production.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a category of investment that reflects the objective of establishing a lasting interest by a resident enterprise in one economy (direct investor) in an enterprise (direct investment enterprise) that is resident in an economy other than that of the direct investor. The lasting interest implies the existence of a long-term relationship between the direct investor and the direct investment enterprise and a significant degree of influence on the management of the enterprise. The lasting interest is deemed to exist if the investor acquires at least 10% of the voting power of the direct investment enterprise. Data are expressed as % of GDP to remove the effect of differences in the size of the economies of the reporting countries. FDI comprises: - Equity capital comprises equity in branches as well as all shares in subsidiaries and associates. - Reinvested earnings consist of the offsetting entry to the direct investor’s share of earnings not distributed as dividends by subsidiaries or associates, and earnings of branches not remitted to the direct investor and which are recorded under Investment income. - Debt instruments Direct investment is classified primarily on a directional basis: 1) Resident direct investment abroad (Outward direct investment) 2) Non-resident investment in the reporting economy (Inward direct investment). The Inward direct investment is investment by a non-resident direct investor in a direct investment enterprise resident in the host economy; the direction of the influence by the direct investor is inward for the reporting economy. Starting from October 2014 definitions are based on the IMF's Sixth Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

Full edition for public use. The REMINDER Integrated Multilevel Database on Migration in the EU brings together cross-national public opinion data and statistics related to immigration and EU mobility from multiple sources. The archived material offers complete replication code and auxiliary files to assist researchers in reconstructing and expanding the database for their own analyses. Please note that replication requires users to access the original survey data separately. The integrated database consists of 184400 observations and 160 variables, 61 of which are at the country level (28 EU plus Norway and Switzerland). We harmonize existing and newly collected survey data between 2002 and 2017, matched with country level data on the welfare impacts of immigration as well as stocks and flows of immigrant populations.

The variables included in the dataset are real GDP (seasonally adjusted, in log-levels, https://sdw.ecb.de/quickview.do?SERIES_KEY=314.MNA.Q.Y.AT.W2.S1.S1.B.B1GQ._Z._Z._Z.EUR.LR.N), the GDP Deflator (seasonally adjusted, in log-levels, https://data.ecb.europa.eu/data/datasets/MNA/MNA.Q.Y.AT.W2.S1.S1.B.B1GQ._Z._Z._Z.IX.D.N), CPI (food and energy excluded, base year 2015, seasonally adjusted, enters in log-levels, https://www.oecd.org/en/data/indicators/inflation-cpi.html}{retrieved from OECD Data Archive), the EUR/USD exchange rate (https://data.ecb.europa.eu/data/datasets/EXR/EXR.D.USD.EUR.SP00.A), a measure of bank concentration by country (interpolated to a quarterly series from yearly values, only contemporaneous values included, https://data.ecb.europa.eu/data/datasets/SSI/SSI.A.AT.122C.H10.X.A1.Z0Z.Z) the cost of new short-term (https://data.ecb.europa.eu/data/datasets/MIR/MIR.M.U2.B.A2J.FM.R.A.2230.EUR.N) and long-term (https://data.ecb.europa.eu/data/datasets/MIR/MIR.M.U2.B.A2J.KM.R.A.2230.EUR.N) borrowing in the euro area, the monetary policy shocks as in Altavilla et al. (2019) (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2019.08.016), which were summed up to quarterly values, and finally the loans granted by Euro Area Monetary Financial Institutions to domestic non financial corporations (https://data.ecb.europa.eu/data/datasets/QSA/QSA.Q.N.AT.W2.S12K.S11.N.A.LE.F4.T.Z.XDC.T.S.V.N.T). To conclude, the time series on loans granted by investment funds and the aggregate size of the bonds issued by non-financial corporations that are held/issued by each country (retrieved from the Securities Holdings Statistics by Sector dataset) are confidential series and cannot be shared.

Consumer Confidence in European Union decreased to -13.60 points in November from -13.50 points in October of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - European Union Consumer Confidence - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This dataset is about books. It has 5 rows and is filtered where the book subjects is Consumption (Economics)-Europe-History. It features 9 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.