Documentation

The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Complete Count Data include more than 650 million individual-level and 7.5 million household-level records. The microdata are the result of collaboration between IPUMS and the nation’s two largest genealogical organizations—Ancestry.com and FamilySearch—and provides the largest and richest source of individual level and household data.

Historic data are scarce and often only exists in aggregate tables. The key advantage of the IPUMS data is the availability of individual and household level characteristics that researchers can tabulate in ways that benefits their specific research questions. The data contain demographic variables, economic variables, migration variables and family variables. Within households, it is possible to create relational data as all relations between household members are known. For example, having data on the mother and her children in a household enables researchers to calculate the mother’s age at birth. Another advantage of the Complete Count data is the possibility to follow individuals over time using a historical identifier.

In sum: the IPUMS data are a unique source for research on social and economic change and can provide population health researchers with information about social and economic determinants.

The IPUMS 1900 census data was collected in June 1900. Enumerators collected data traveling to households and counting the residents who regularly slept at the household. Individuals lacking permanent housing were counted as residents of the place where they were when the data was collected. Household members absent on the day of data collected were either listed to the household with the help of other household members or were scheduled for the last census subdivision.

Section 2

This dataset was created on 2020-01-10 22:51:40.810 by merging multiple datasets together. The source datasets for this version were:

IPUMS 1900 households: This dataset includes all households from the 1900 US census.

IPUMS 1900 persons: This dataset includes all individuals from the 1910 US census.

IPUMS 1900 Lookup: This dataset includes variable names, variable labels, variable values, and corresponding variable value labels for the IPUMS 1900 datasets.

Section 3

The Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) Complete Count Data include more than 650 million individual-level and 7.5 million household-level records. The microdata are the result of collaboration between IPUMS and the nation’s two largest genealogical organizations—Ancestry.com and FamilySearch—and provides the largest and richest source of individual level and household data.

Historic data are scarce and often only exists in aggregate tables. The key advantage of the IPUMS data is the availability of individual and household level characteristics that researchers can tabulate in ways that benefits their specific research questions. The data contain demographic variables, economic variables, migration variables and family variables. Within households, it is possible to create relational data as all relations between household members are known. For example, having data on the mother and her children in a household enables researchers to calculate the mother’s age at birth. Another advantage of the Complete Count data is the possibility to follow individuals over time using a historical identifier.

In sum: the IPUMS data are a unique source for research on social and economic change and can provide population health researchers with information about social and economic determinants.

The IPUMS 1900 census data was collected in June 1900. Enumerators collected data traveling to households and counting the residents who regularly slept at the household. Individuals lacking permanent housing were counted as residents of the place where they were when the data was collected. Household members absent on the day of data collected were either listed to the household with the help of other household members or were scheduled for the last census subdivision.

This data collection contains detailed county and state-level ecological and descriptive data for the United States for the years 1790 to 2002. Parts 1-43 are an update to HISTORICAL, DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL DATA: THE UNITED STATES, 1790-1970 (ICPSR 0003). Parts 1-41 contain data from the 1790-1970 censuses. They include extensive information about the social and political character of the United States, including a breakdown of population by state, race, nationality, number of families, size of the family, births, deaths, marriages, occupation, religion, and general economic condition. Parts 42 and 43 contain data from the 1840 and 1870 Censuses of Manufacturing, respectively. These files include information about the number of persons employed in various industries and the quantities of different types of manufactured products. Parts 44-50 provide county-level data from the United States Census of Agriculture for 1840 to 1900. They also include the state and national totals for the variables. The files provide data about the number, types, and prices of various agricultural products. Parts 51-57 contain data on religious bodies and church membership for 1906, 1916, 1926, 1936, and 1952, respectively. Parts 58-69 consist of data from the CITY DATA BOOKS for 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994, and 2000, respectively. These files contain information about population, climate, housing units, hotels, birth and death rates, school enrollment and education expenditures, employment in various industries, and city government finances. Parts 70-81 consist of data from the COUNTY DATA BOOKS for 1947, 1949, 1952, 1956, 1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1983, 1988, 1994, and 2000, respectively. These files include information about population, employment, housing, agriculture, manufacturing, retail, services, trade, banking, Social Security, local governments, school enrollment, hospitals, crime, and income. Parts 82-84 contain data from USA COUNTIES 1998. Due to the large number of variables from this source, the data were divided into into three separate data files. Data include information on population, vital statistics, school enrollment, educational attainment, Social Security, labor force, personal income, poverty, housing, trade, farms, ancestry, commercial banks, and transfer payments. Parts 85-106 provide data from the United States Census of Agriculture for 1910 to 2002. They provide data about the amount, types, and prices of various agricultural products. Also, these datasets contain extensive information on the amount, expenses, sales, values, and production of farms and machinery. (Source: downloaded from ICPSR 7/13/10)

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at ICPSR -- https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR02896.v3. We highly recommend using the ICPSR version, as they made this dataset available in multiple data formats and updated the data through 2002.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. This study, colloquially known as '100 Families', sought to trace connections between family life and social mobility. It did so through 170 in-depth life story interviews spread across three generations of family life. The research team, headed by Paul Thompson and Howard Newby at the University of Essex, devised an interview schedule that asked participants extensive questions relating to their own and their family's education, politics, family trees, marriage and relationships, housing, parents' work, and leisure. The interviews average 54 pages in length and were conducted during the mid-1980s. The fieldwork strategy selected a 'middle generation' of married men and women with children. These 'middle generation' informants were initially drawn from a subsample of informants interviewed for an ESRC project and had agreed to be re-interviewed. They were located in 200 polling districts in 35 parliamentary constituencies in Scotland, London, north-west, west and south-east England and the Midlands. Later on, further polling districts were added and a stratified occupational quota was introduced to ensure an appropriate class balance. The collection consists of interviews with 170 respondents; 87 middle-generation, 42 younger, and 41 older. The families included 26 represented by a lone participant and 11 where all three generations were interviewed. Main Topics: The survey was carried out with the purpose of gathering ethnographic and dynamic information illustrative of family, ageing, and social mobility. The semi-structured interview transcripts combine accounts of family background and occupations with full life stories covering education, politics, family tree, marriage and relationships, housing, parents' work, and leisure. One-stage stratified or systematic random sample Face-to-face interview

Abstract

This dataset includes all individuals from the 1870 US census.

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Documentation

This dataset was developed through a collaboration between the Minnesota Population Center and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. The data contain demographic variables, economic variables, migration variables and race variables. Unlike more recent census datasets, pre-1900 census datasets only contain individual level characteristics and no household or family characteristics, but household and family identifiers do exist.

The official enumeration day of the 1870 census was 1 June 1870. The main goal of an early census like the 1870 U.S. census was to allow Congress to determine the collection of taxes and the appropriation of seats in the House of Representatives. Each district was assigned a U.S. Marshall who organized other marshals to administer the census. These enumerators visited households and recorder names of every person, along with their age, sex, color, profession, occupation, value of real estate, place of birth, parental foreign birth, marriage, literacy, and whether deaf, dumb, blind, insane or “idiotic”.

Sources: Szucs, L.D. and Hargreaves Luebking, S. (1997). Research in Census Records, The Source: A Guidebook of American Genealogy. Ancestry Incorporated, Salt Lake City, UT Dollarhide, W.(2000). The Census Book: A Genealogist’s Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes. Heritage Quest, Bountiful, UT

Analysis unit

Persons, households, and dwellings

UNITS IDENTIFIED: - Dwellings: yes - Vacant Units: no - Households: yes - Individuals: yes - Group quarters: yes

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: - Dwellings: A place in which, at the time of the census, one or more persons regularly sleep. It may be a room in a factory, store or office building, a loft over a stable, a canal boat, tent, or a wigwam. A building like a tenement or apartment house, if it has only one front door, counts as only one dwelling house, no matter how many persons or families live in it. But one building with a partition wall through it and a front door for each of the two parts, counts as two dwelling houses. So in a block of houses there are as many dwelling-houses as front doors. - Households: A group of individuals who occupy jointly a dwelling place or part of a dwelling place. A person who boards in one place and lodges in another should be returned as a member of the family where he lodges. A domestic servant, unless she sleeps elsewhere, is to be returned as a member of the family in which she works. All the occupants and employees of a hotel, if they regularly sleep there, make up, for census purposes, a single family, because they occupy one dwelling place. The same is true of all officials and inmates of an institution who live in the institution building. But where officers or employees of an institution sleep in detached houses or separate dwelling places, they are separate families. - Group quarters: Yes

Universe

All persons living in the United States including temporarily absent residents and sailors at sea. Native Americans living on reservations or under tribal rule were enumerated using a separate schedule.

Kind of data

Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]

Sampling procedure

MICRODATA SOURCE: Department of the Interior

SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 3852852.

SAMPLE DESIGN: 1-in-20 national random sample of the population. Alaska and Hawaii are not included in this dataset.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The census operation involved four schedules. Schedule 1 was used to enumerate households and collected information on individual characteristics. Other schedules were used to enumerate the Native American population, and record information on agriculture and livestock.

The data sets in this repository allow users to link people among the U.S. decennial censuses, using the "histid" identifier. The census data sets users will need are indexed by Ancestry.com and are hosted by IPUMS at https://usa.ipums.org/usa-action/samples. Users will need to download the full-count census for each year and be sure to select the "histid" variable that is available under the Person/Historical Technical drop-down menu.As of 7/12/21, links are available between the 1900-1910, 1910-1920, and 1900-1920 censuses.A detailed account of how these links are created and a description of the data and its characteristics are available in the following article:Price, J., Buckles, K., Van Leeuwen, J., & Riley, I. (2021). Combining family history and machine learning to link historical records: The Census Tree data set. Explorations in Economic History, 80, 101391.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014498321000024

The variables contained in the data sets are primarily concerned with perinatal outcomes and maternal health. A number of variables with respect to the social and economic status of the mothers and their families were also included (ie. Occupation, Marital status, Region). While all nine data sets are centered around these common themes and hold many variables in common, each data set has a unique combination of variables. The types of fields are wide-ranging but are primarily concerned with infant birth, maternal health, and socioeconomic status. The Montréal cases were transcribed from the Register of Patients of the University Lying-in Hospital, a large leather-bound ledger now kept in the McGill University Archives, Montréal, Quebec. Because the number of patients was small, all case records were coded. The series runs from 1843-1900. Unfortunately, the information for the period 1843 to 1850 is too limited to support systematic analysis. In 1901 the hospital adopted a new form of taking case records although the data gathered remained consistent with previous practice. Unfortunately, this information was not collected as thoroughly as had been the practice before the turn of the century. The series ends abruptly and inexplicably in 1905. The initial data base included 8216 cases.

The variables contained in the data sets are primarily concerned with perinatal outcomes and maternal health. A number of variables with respect to the social and economic status of the mothers and their families were also included (ie. Occupation, Marital status, Region). While all nine data sets are centered around these common themes and hold many variables in common, each data set has a unique combination of variables. The types of fields are wide-ranging but are primarily concerned with infant birth, maternal health, and socioeconomic status. The clinical records of the Boston Lying-in inpatient and outpatient services, and those of the New England Hospital maternity unit, are housed in the Rare Book Room, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. While the information found in these records varied somewhat from one hospital to the next, each set of records was consistent throughout the period under review. Four data bases were established, one consisting exclusively of white patients for each of the three clinics and one composed of all black patients from both services of the Boston Lying-in. The four sample populations were constituted in the following ways. The clinical records of the New England Hospital’s maternity clinic exist in continuous series from 1872 to 1900. All births were recorded because there were fewer than 200 deliveries annually. The patient registers of the Boston Lying-in inpatient service span the years 1886-1900, with a gap in 1893 and 1894. A random sample of 200 cases was chosen for each year. The same procedure was followed at the outpatient clinic, whose case files extend from 1884 to 1900, excepting those years in which all were recorded because fewer births occurred, and a short period when all cases were noted even though they totaled more than 200. Because the number of black patients was small, and because the birth weight experience of blacks was distinctive in some important respects, a fourth file was created consisting of all blacks in the Lying-in inpatient and outpatient records. The preliminary data bases consisted of 3480, 2503, 3654, and 373 cases, respectively. The birth weight means in the Lying-in inpatient sample are accurate to 79 grams, and those of the outpatient clinic sample to 65 grams, at the 95 percent confidence level.

A dataset to advance the study of life-cycle interactions of biomedical and socioeconomic factors in the aging process. The EI project has assembled a variety of large datasets covering the life histories of approximately 39,616 white male volunteers (drawn from a random sample of 331 companies) who served in the Union Army (UA), and of about 6,000 African-American veterans from 51 randomly selected United States Colored Troops companies (USCT). Their military records were linked to pension and medical records that detailed the soldiers������?? health status and socioeconomic and family characteristics. Each soldier was searched for in the US decennial census for the years in which they were most likely to be found alive (1850, 1860, 1880, 1900, 1910). In addition, a sample consisting of 70,000 men examined for service in the Union Army between September 1864 and April 1865 has been assembled and linked only to census records. These records will be useful for life-cycle comparisons of those accepted and rejected for service. Military Data: The military service and wartime medical histories of the UA and USCT men were collected from the Union Army and United States Colored Troops military service records, carded medical records, and other wartime documents. Pension Data: Wherever possible, the UA and USCT samples have been linked to pension records, including surgeon''''s certificates. About 70% of men in the Union Army sample have a pension. These records provide the bulk of the socioeconomic and demographic information on these men from the late 1800s through the early 1900s, including family structure and employment information. In addition, the surgeon''''s certificates provide rich medical histories, with an average of 5 examinations per linked recruit for the UA, and about 2.5 exams per USCT recruit. Census Data: Both early and late-age familial and socioeconomic information is collected from the manuscript schedules of the federal censuses of 1850, 1860, 1870 (incomplete), 1880, 1900, and 1910. Data Availability: All of the datasets (Military Union Army; linked Census; Surgeon''''s Certificates; Examination Records, and supporting ecological and environmental variables) are publicly available from ICPSR. In addition, copies on CD-ROM may be obtained from the CPE, which also maintains an interactive Internet Data Archive and Documentation Library, which can be accessed on the Project Website. * Dates of Study: 1850-1910 * Study Features: Longitudinal, Minority Oversamples * Sample Size: ** Union Army: 35,747 ** Colored Troops: 6,187 ** Examination Sample: 70,800 ICPSR Link: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/06836

This dataset was produced in the 1990s by Myron Gutmann and others at the University of Texas to assess demographic change in European- and Mexican-origin populations in Texas from the mid-nineteenth to early-twentieth centuries. Most of the data come from manuscript records for six rural Texas counties - Angelina, DeWitt, Gillespie, Jack, Red River, and Webb - for the U.S. Censuses of 1850-1880 and 1900-1910, and tax records where available. Together, the populations of these counties reflect the cultural, ethnic, economic, and ecological diversity of rural Texas. Red River and Angelina Counties, in Eastern Texas, had largely native-born white and black populations and cotton economies. DeWitt County in Southeast Texas had the most diverse population, including European and Mexican immigrants as well as native-born white and black Americans, and its economy was divided between cotton and cattle. The population of Webb County, on the Mexican border, was almost entirely of Mexican origin, and economic activities included transportation services as well as cattle ranching. Gillespie County in Central Texas had a mostly European immigrant population and an economy devoted to cropping and livestock. Jack County in North-Central Texas was sparsely populated, mainly by native-born white cattle ranchers. These counties were selected to over-represent the European and Mexican immigrant populations. Slave schedules were not included, so there are no African Americans in the samples for 1850 or 1860. In some years and counties, the Census records were sub-sampled, using a letter-based sample with the family as the primary sampling unit (families were chosen if the surname of the head began with one of the sample letters for the county). In other counties and years, complete populations were transcribed from the Census microfilms. For details and sample sizes by county, see the County table in the Original P.I. Documentation section of the ICPSR Codebook, or see Gutmann, Myron P. and Kenneth H. Fliess, How to Study Southern Demography in the Nineteenth Century: Early Lessons of the Texas Demography Project (Austin: Texas Population Research Center Papers, no. 11.11, 1989).

The Theodore Holmes Bullock (16 May 1915 – 20 December 2005) specimen collection. This text is modified from Deland, C., Cameron, C.B., Bullock, T.H., Rao, K.P. and Ritter, W.E. 2010. A taxonomic revision of the family Harrimaniidae (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) with descriptions of seven species from the eastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 2408: 1-30.

As an outgrowth of his extensive studies on tunicates, Ritter took up the subject of the Enteropneusta in the last decade of the nineteenth century and published several accounts dealing with natural history, embryology and taxonomy (Ritter, 1900, 1902, 1908, Ritter & Davis, 1904). Over a period of years he accumulated a considerable body of material representing seven new species from the west coast of the United States and Alaska. He obtained many of his specimens during the Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899, the results of which appeared in the 13-volume series edited by C. Hart Merriam and jointly published by Doubleday, Page & Company in New York and the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC (1901–1914). Spengel’s (1893) summary of world Enteropneusta had listed no species from the Pacific coast so that Ritter, with a proportionately large new fauna relative to the 40 or so species known for the entire group at that time, projected a monograph for which he drafted descriptions and figures of all the west coast forms. Descriptions of two of the species were later published separately (Ritter, 1900; Ritter & Davis, 1904), but the full monograph was never completed. Shortly before he died in 1944, Professor Ritter gave his enteropneust slides and manuscript to Theodore H. Bullock, who had recently finished a doctoral dissertation on the neuroanatomy of the group (Bullock, 1940, 1944, 1945). Bullock subsequently undertook to update and complete the paper with the aid of Kandula Pampapathi Rao who had previously studied the group extensively (Rao, 1952–1955, 1957, 1962). They then found new material in the Albatross collection through the kindness of C. A. Kofoid and S. F. Light, both of the Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, and in the collections at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Ritter through the courtesy of Percy Barnhart. In the ensuing years, Bullock found a number of additional new eastern Pacific species, as well as receiving valuable specimens from numerous other colleagues. C. Burdon-Jones inherited the task of completing the monograph in the early 1970s but was not able to make any significant contribution to the work. In 2003 Bullock, then well into his retirement years, urged that Burdon-Jones, older and in poor health, return what material he had to California so that the whole collection could be deposited at the Smithsonian Museum in Washington. Feeling a deep obligation to see the monograph complete, Bullock then contacted Cameron, who had developed a graduate thesis on the group, including the description of a new species (Cameron, 2002) to complete the work. Following the death of Bullock in 2005, Cameron decided that it would be most practical to publish the new material as several smaller papers instead of as a comprehensive monograph, adding new specimen material as the work progressed.

The family Acidopsidae Števčić, 2005, is revised; and two subfamilies are recognised. The Acidopsinae Števčić, 2005, is characterised by the coxal male opening, a quadrate basal antennal article and vulvae arranged near the median longitudi¬nal thoracic sternal groove. Three genera are included in the Acidopsinae: Acidops Stimpson, 1871 (with two species), Parapilumnus Kossmann, 1877 (with two species) and Crinitocinus gen. nov. (monotypic for Pilumnus alcocki Borradai¬le, 1902). The Raouliinae Števčić, 2005 (Typhlocarcinodidae Števčić, 2005; Caecopilumnidae Števčić, 2011), is cha¬racterised by its coxo-sternal male opening, a short basal antennal article which is distinctly wider than long and vulvae arranged submedially on thoracic sternite 6. Four genera are included in the Raouliinae: Raoulia Ng, 1987 (with five spe¬cies, three of which are described as new), Caecopilumnus Borradaile, 1902 (with three species of which one is described as new), Typhlocarcinodes Alcock, 1900 (monotypic) and Thecaplax gen. nov. (for one new species). Zootaxa, Vol. 3773 No. 1 2014. P: 001-063

The amphibian collection of the Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja consist of almost 1,900 specimens (by the end of 2024) preserved in alcohol. The majority of the specimens are from Azuay, El Oro, Loja, Morona Santiago and Zamora Chinchipe provinces, Southern Ecuador. The vast majority of the collection consists of frogs and toads (representing 13 families), with a small collection of salamanders (one family) and caecilians (two families).

La colección de anfibios del Museo de Zoología de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja consta de casi 1900 especímenes (a finales de 2024) conservados en alcohol. La mayoría de los ejemplares son de las provincias de Azuay, El Oro, Loja, Morona Santiago y Zamora Chinchipe, sur de Ecuador. La gran mayoría de la colección consiste en ranas y sapos (representado por 13 familias), con una pequeña colección de salamandras (una familia) y cecilias (dos familias).

The Chalcidoidea database has been compiled over the past decade and contains entries from the holdings of all 18 families of this superfamily in the ARC National Collection of Insects (NCI), Pretoria. This work formed the last stage needed to complete the entering of historical data, which will result in a database with approximately 12 000 records. The activities of the proposed project were three-fold: capturing of new records pertaining to the families Encyrtidae and Aphelinidae; the verification of previously digitized entries; and the data cleaning of all entries. All database entries contain invaluable information of hosts, host plants and distribution of Afrotropical Chalcidoidea with the emphasis on groups of agricultural importance.