These NetCDF data were compiled to investigate how two complementary models can contribute to our understanding of contemporary and future big sagebrush regeneration across the historical and potential future sagebrush region. Objective of our study was to apply both models to address three specific objectives: (i) examine the geographic patterns of big sagebrush regeneration probabilities that the two different models project under historical conditions and future climate scenarios; (ii) quantify the robustness of model projections, e.g., the consistency among climate models in projected changes in regeneration for future time periods; and (iii) identify how model predictions for regeneration potential relate to environmental site characteristics like climate, soil moisture, and soils. Big sagebrush regeneration was modeled based on daily meteorological and ecohydrological variables across the historical and potential future geographic range of big sagebrush distribution in the western United States. These data represent the simulated potential of big sagebrush regeneration representing (i) range-wide big sagebrush regeneration responses in natural vegetation (process-based model, Schlaepfer et al. 2014) and (ii) big sagebrush restoration seeding outcomes following fire in the Great Basin and the Snake River Plains (regression-based model, Shriver et al. 2018) as well as soil moisture and climatic variables for recent climate 1980-2010, and for future projected climate represented by all available climate models under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) at two time periods during the 21st century (2020-2050 and 2070-2099) at 10-km resolution based on a simulation experiment described in Bradford et al. 2019 using the SOILWAT2 ecosystem water balance model (Schlaepfer et al. 2021). These data were created by a collaborative research project between the U.S. Geological Survey and Yale University.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2009-12-19. The instrument depth was 004 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

The NOAA National Water Model Retrospective dataset contains input and output from multi-decade CONUS retrospective simulations. These simulations used meteorological input fields from meteorological retrospective datasets. The output frequency and fields available in this historical NWM dataset differ from those contained in the real-time operational NWM forecast model.

One application of this dataset is to provide historical context to current near real-time streamflow, soil moisture and snowpack conditions. The retrospective data can be used to infer flow frequencies and perform temporal analyses with hourly streamflow output and 3-hourly land surface output. This dataset can also be used in the development of end user applications which require a long baseline of data for system training or verification purposes.

Currently there are three versions of the NWM retrospective dataset

A 42-year (February 1979 through December 2020) retrospective simulation using version 2.1 of the National Water Model. A 26-year (January 1993 through December 2018) retrospective simulation using version 2.0 of the National Water Model. A 25-year (January 1993 through December 2017) retrospective simulation using version 1.2 of the National Water Model.

Version 2.1 uses forcings from the Office of Water Prediction Analysis of Record for Calibration (AORC) dataset while Version 2.0 and version 1.2 use input meteorological forcing from the North American Land Data Assimilation (NLDAS) data set. Note that no streamflow or other data assimilation is performed within any of the NWM retrospective simulations.

NWM Retrospective data is available in two formats, NetCDF and Zarr. The NetCDF files contain the full set of NWM output data, while the Zarr files contain a subset of NWM output fields that vary with model version.

NWM V2.1: All model output and forcing input fields are available in the NetCDF format. All model output fields along with the precipitation forcing field are available in the Zarr format. NWM V2.0: All model output fields are available in NetCDF format. Model channel output including streamflow and related fields are available in Zarr format. NWM V1.2: All model output fields are available in NetCDF format.

A table listing the data available within each NetCDF and Zarr file is located in the 'documentation page'. This data includes meteorological NWM forcing inputs along with NWM hydrologic and land surface outputs, and varies by version number.

Documentation

https://github.com/NOAA-Big-Data-Program/bdp-data-docs/blob/main/nwm/README.md

Update Frequency

No updates

License

Open Data. There are no restrictions on the use of this data.

This layer represents modeled stream temperatures derived from the NorWeST point feature class (NorWest_TemperaturePoints). NorWeST summer stream temperature scenarios were developed for all rivers and streams in the western U.S. from the > 20,000 stream sites in the NorWeST database where mean August stream temperatures were recorded. The resulting dataset includes stream lines (NorWeST_PredictedStreams) and associated mid-points NorWest_TemperaturePoints) representing 1 kilometer intervals along the stream network. Stream lines were derived from the 1:100,000 scale NHDPlus dataset (USEPA and USGS 2010; McKay et al. 2012). Shapefile extents correspond to NorWeST processing units, which generally relate to 6 digit (3rd code) hydrologic unit codes (HUCs) or in some instances closely correspond to state borders. The line and point shapefiles contain identical modeled stream temperature results. The two feature classes are meant to complement one another for use in different applications. In addition, spatial and temporal covariates used to generate the modeled temperatures are included in the attribute tables at https://www.fs.usda.gov/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/NorWeST/ModeledStreamTemperatureScenarioMaps.shtml. The NorWeST NHDPlusV1 processing units include: Salmon, Clearwater, Spokoot, Missouri Headwaters, Snake-Bear, MidSnake, MidColumbia, Oregon Coast, South-Central Oregon, Upper Columbia-Yakima, Washington Coast, Upper Yellowstone-Bighorn, Upper Missouri-Marias, and Upper Green-North Platte. The NorWeST NHDPlusV2 processing units include: Lahontan Basin, Northern California-Coastal Klamath, Utah, Coastal California, Central California, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Black Hills.This record was taken from the USDA Enterprise Data Inventory that feeds into the https://data.gov catalog. Data for this record includes the following resources: ISO-19139 metadata ArcGIS Hub Dataset ArcGIS GeoService OGC WMS CSV Shapefile GeoJSON KML For complete information, please visit https://data.gov.

This dataset is historical-only. -- Results from a 2017-2018 project of City-installed sensors measuring water runoff from streets and sidewalks. These data can be used to measure the impact of sustainable green infrastructure on flooding. These sensors also captured weather data.

Each row corresponds to a sensor measurement at a specific time and location. Each row is a different sensor, which can be determined from the "Measurement Title" column. The value for each measurement is always numeric and available in the "Measurement Value" column. The corresponding unit of measurement is in the "Units" column. Data may be missing at times due to sensors not being available.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a HOBO U22 Water Temp Pro V2 (Onset Computer Corp. U22-001) beginning 2009-04-23. The instrument depth was 025 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

Release of the hourly database containing 55 cruises spanning over 31 years, including the historical data from 12 cruises done in the 1990's (Fairall et al., 2003) and 9 cruises of the PACS/EPIC dataset. Data collected from these cruises are critical for supporting the study of physical oceanography, air-sea interaction, tropical meteorology, as well as global weather and climate variability and predictability. This includes improvement to our fundamental understanding of these processes in the ocean and their influence around the globe including the Continental United States. The data will also support improvement and validation of prediction models including parameterizations. Sensible heat flux was computed from vertical velocity - sonic temperature covariance. The humidity contribution to sonic temperature was removed using the bulk latent heat flux. acknowledgement=NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) program cdm_data_type=Trajectory cdm_trajectory_variables=cruise_name comment=Corrections and Data Quality Notes not contained in global or variable attributes: Unavailable data, bad data, and data within restricted Exclusive Economic Zones were assigned _FillValue = -9999. Please use the variables named flag_bad_ship and flag_bad_bulk to further mask out questionable or non-ideal data points depending on the application for state variables and bulk fluxes respectively. comment2=Sensible heat flux was computed from vertical velocity - sonic temperature covariance. The humidity contribution to sonic temperature was removed using the bulk latent heat flux. comment3=A correction to account for biases in gas concentration measurements has been applied on the covariance and ID latent heat fluxes. See Fratini et al. 2014 for more details. comment4=Data from the 2004 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS-04) are included in this dataset but it has to be noted that during that project we found significant suppression of the transfer coefficients for momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat; mainly because our measurements at 18-m height did not realize the full surface flux in these shallower boundary layer conditions. (Fairall et al., 2006). Conventions=CF-1.6, ACCD-1.3, COARDS, ACDD-1.3 coverage_content_type=physicalMeasurement, qualityInformation, modelResult, coordinate date_metadata_modified=2023-04-18T13:10:40Z Easternmost_Easting=179.73351 featureType=Trajectory geospatial_lat_bounds=POLYGON [-179.833, 179.734, -53.754, 69.934] geospatial_lat_max=69.933717 geospatial_lat_min=-53.753807 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=179.73351 geospatial_lon_min=-179.83283 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=0.014330280134111055 geospatial_vertical_min=1.7080496969024725E-4 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_units=m history=v0: original data, v1: first release id=doi = not yet assigned infoUrl=https://psl.noaa.gov/boundary-layer/ institution=(1) NOAA Physical Sciences Lab (PSL); (2) CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder in partnership with NOAA PSL instrument_vocabulary=GCMD Version 12.3 keywords_library=GCMD Version 12.3 keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords licence=Please acknowledge data according to global attribute info: acknowledgement, creator_name, creator_institution. These data may be redistributed and used without restriction. naming_authority=gov.noaa.ncei Northernmost_Northing=69.933717 platform=refer to platform_name variable that contains names of the different platforms from which the datasets were collected platform_vocabulary=GCMD Version 12.3 processing_level=processed and quality controlled program=Funding agencies: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) program project=refer to cruise_name variable for project names of various datasets references=Fairall et al. 1996a JGR https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC03190 ...Fairall et al. 1996b JGR https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC03205 .... Fairall et al. 2003 JClim https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016%3C0571:BPOASF%3E2.0.CO;2 ... Edson et al. 2013 JPO with corrigendum: the value should be m = 0.0017, and not m = 0.017 as originally appeared https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-12-0173.1 ... Fratini et al. 2014https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1037-2014 ... Fairall et al. 2006 https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007597 sea_name=Northwest, Equatorial and SouthEast Pacific Ocean; North Atlantic Ocean; Davis Strait; Labrador Sea; South Atlantic Ocean; Bay of Bengal; Indian Ocean; Tasman Sea source=observations from NOAA PSL sensors (no subscript, most accurate) and the ship permanent sensors (_ship subscript, less accurate), derivations from those observations using eddy covariance and inertial dissipation methods of estimating fluxes, model results from COARE 3.6 bulk air-sea flux algorithm. Wave parameters were not used as input to COARE since they were either unavailable or not consistently available on all projects. Also True water-relative wind speed was used as input to COARE when available. Otherwise when not available the true wind speed was used instead. sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-53.753807 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v70 time_coverage_duration=31 years time_coverage_end=2021-08-31T23:00:00Z time_coverage_resolution=PT60.M time_coverage_start=1991-11-22T11:41:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-179.83283

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a HOBO U22 Water Temp Pro V2 (Onset Computer Corp. U22-001) beginning 2010-07-13. The instrument depth was 004 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2007-07-20. The instrument depth was 015 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

Timeseries data from 'SOUTH BIG HORN COUNTY AIRPORT , WY (KGEY)' (gov_noaa_awc_kgey) cdm_data_type=TimeSeries cdm_timeseries_variables=station,longitude,latitude contributor_email=feedback@axiomdatascience.com contributor_name=Axiom Data Science contributor_role=processor contributor_role_vocabulary=NERC contributor_url=https://www.axiomdatascience.com Conventions=IOOS-1.2, CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3, NCCSV-1.2 defaultDataQuery=wind_speed_qc_agg,wind_speed_of_gust_qc_agg,wind_speed_of_gust,air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level,visibility_in_air,wind_from_direction,air_temperature_qc_agg,wind_from_direction_qc_agg,air_temperature,air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level_qc_agg,dew_point_temperature_qc_agg,z,wind_speed,time,visibility_in_air_qc_agg,dew_point_temperature&time>=max(time)-3days Easternmost_Easting=-108.083 featureType=TimeSeries geospatial_lat_max=44.517 geospatial_lat_min=44.517 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-108.083 geospatial_lon_min=-108.083 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=0.0 geospatial_vertical_min=0.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=up geospatial_vertical_units=m history=Downloaded from NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) at https://aviationweather.gov/data/metar/?id=KGEY id=119268 infoUrl=https://sensors.ioos.us/#metadata/119268/station institution=NOAA National Weather Service (NWS) naming_authority=com.axiomdatascience Northernmost_Northing=44.517 platform=fixed platform_name=SOUTH BIG HORN COUNTY AIRPORT , WY (KGEY) platform_vocabulary=http://mmisw.org/ont/ioos/platform processing_level=Level 2 references=https://aviationweather.gov/data/metar/?id=KGEY,https://aviationweather.gov/data/metar/?id=KGEY, sourceUrl=https://aviationweather.gov/data/metar/?id=KGEY Southernmost_Northing=44.517 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v72 station_id=119268 time_coverage_end=2025-03-03T15:53:00Z time_coverage_start=2022-07-11T20:53:00Z Westernmost_Easting=-108.083

Most ectotherms follow a pattern of size plasticity known as the temperature-size rule where individuals reared in cold environments are larger at maturation than those reared in warm environments. This pattern seems maladaptive because growth is slower in the cold so it takes longer to reach a large size. However, it may be adaptive if reaching a large size has a greater benefit in a cold than in a warm environment such as when size-dependent mortality or size-dependent fecundity depends on temperature. I present a theoretical model showing how a correlation between temperature and the size–fecundity relationship affects optimal size at maturation. I parameterize the model using data from a freshwater pulmonate snail from the genus Physa. Nine families were reared from hatching in one of three temperature regimes (daytime temperature of 22, 25 or 28 °C, night-time temperature of 22 °C, under a 12L : 12D light cycle). Eight of the nine families followed the temperature-size rule indicating genetic variation for this plasticity. As predicted, the size–fecundity relationship depended upon temperature; fecundity increases steeply with size in the coldest treatment, less steeply in the intermediate treatment, and shows no relationship with size in the warmest treatment. Thus, following the temperature-size rule is adaptive for this species. Although rarely measured under multiple conditions, size–fecundity relationships seem to be sensitive to a number of environmental conditions in addition to temperature including local productivity, competition and predation. If this form of plasticity is as widespread as it appears to be, this model shows that such plasticity has the potential to greatly modify current life-history theory.

Near-real time weather records collected at the Wyoming Big sagebrush meteorological site of the Great Basin LTAR. The station data is composited from a meteorological station and a nearby Eddy Covariance station. This site is also the primary meteorological station for the Nancy Gulch sub-watershed of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and the Wyoming Big sagebrush vegetation zone of the Reynolds Creek Critical Zone Observatory. The site includes precipitation, incoming solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, snow depth, soil moisture, soil temperature. The records have had preliminary quality assurance filters applied and are considered raw field measurements. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: GeoData catalog record. File Name: Web Page, url: https://geodata.nal.usda.gov/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/044dff2b-7c03-4980-b4fe-7286b3217adb

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2008-07-23. The instrument depth was 000 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 4.0 minutes.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2008-09-06. The instrument depth was 025 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2010-02-02. The instrument depth was 025 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBIC32+4+27) beginning 2007-02-01. The instrument depth was 004 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBIC32+4+27) beginning 2007-02-01. The instrument depth was 025 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2010-02-02. The instrument depth was 004 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a HOBO U22 Water Temp Pro V2 (Onset Computer Corp. U22-001) beginning 2010-09-11. The instrument depth was 025 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.

This metadata record describes moored seawater temperature data collected at Big Creek, California, USA, by PISCO. Measurements were collected using a StowAway Tidbit Temperature Logger (Onset Computer Corp. TBI32-05+37) beginning 2007-06-05. The instrument depth was 004 meters, in an overall water depth of 26 meters (both relative to Mean Sea Level, MSL). The sampling interval was 2.0 minutes.