This dataset includes various economic indicators such as stock market performance, inflation rates, GDP, interest rates, employment data, and housing index, all of which are crucial for understanding the state of the economy. By analysing this dataset, one can gain insights into the causes and effects of past recessions in the US, which can inform investment decisions and policy-making.

There are 20 columns and 343 rows spanning 1990-04 to 2022-10

The columns are:

1. Price: Price column refers to the S&P 500 lot price over the years. The S&P 500 is a stock market index that measures the performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. This variable represents the value of the S&P 500 index from 1980 to present. Industrial Production: This variable measures the output of industrial establishments in the manufacturing, mining, and utilities sectors. It reflects the overall health of the manufacturing industry, which is a key component of the US economy.

2. INDPRO: Industrial production measures the output of the manufacturing, mining, and utility sectors of the economy. It provides insights into the overall health of the economy, as a decline in industrial production can indicate a slowdown in economic activity. This data can be used by policymakers and investors to assess the state of the economy and make informed decisions.

3. CPI: CPI stands for Consumer Price Index, which measures the change in the prices of a basket of goods and services that consumers purchase. CPI inflation represents the rate at which the prices of goods and services in the economy are increasing.

4. Treasure Bill rate (3 month to 30 Years): Treasury bills (T-bills) are short-term debt securities issued by the US government. This variable represents the interest rates on T-bills with maturities ranging from 3 months to 30 years. It reflects the cost of borrowing money for the government and provides an indication of the overall level of interest rates in the economy.

5. GDP: GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product, which is the value of all goods and services produced in a country. This dataset is taking into account only the Nominal GDP values. Nominal GDP represents the total value of goods and services produced in the US economy without accounting for inflation.

6. Rate: The Federal Funds Rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. It is set by the Federal Reserve and is used as a tool to regulate the money supply in the economy.

7. BBK_Index: The BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The BBK Leading Index is the leading subcomponent of the cycle measured in standard deviation units from trend real GDP growth.

8. Housing Index: This variable represents the value of the housing market in the US. It is calculated based on the prices of homes sold in the market and provides an indication of the overall health of the housing market.

9. Recession binary column: This variable is a binary indicator that takes a value of 1 when the US economy is in a recession and 0 otherwise. It is based on the official business cycle dates provided by the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Nigeria NG: Broad Money: % of GDP data was reported at 20.384 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 19.693 % for 2015. Nigeria NG: Broad Money: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 20.384 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2016, with 57 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.266 % in 2009 and a record low of 9.208 % in 1960. Nigeria NG: Broad Money: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Nigeria – Table NG.World Bank.WDI: Money Supply. Broad money (IFS line 35L..ZK) is the sum of currency outside banks; demand deposits other than those of the central government; the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government; bank and traveler’s checks; and other securities such as certificates of deposit and commercial paper.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average; The derivation of this indicator was simplified in September 2012 to be current-year broad money divided by current-year GDP times 100.

Ethiopia ET: Broad Money: Average Annual Growth Rate data was reported at 23.390 % in 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 22.213 % for 2007. Ethiopia ET: Broad Money: Average Annual Growth Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 12.926 % from Dec 1961 (Median) to 2008, with 48 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 29.886 % in 1973 and a record low of -1.093 % in 1998. Ethiopia ET: Broad Money: Average Annual Growth Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ethiopia – Table ET.World Bank: Money Supply. Broad money (IFS line 35L..ZK) is the sum of currency outside banks; demand deposits other than those of the central government; the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government; bank and traveler’s checks; and other securities such as certificates of deposit and commercial paper.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; ;

New Zealand NZ: Broad Money: % of GDP data was reported at 92.656 % in 2010. This records an increase from the previous number of 89.551 % for 2009. New Zealand NZ: Broad Money: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 30.261 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2010, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 92.656 % in 2010 and a record low of 19.436 % in 1971. New Zealand NZ: Broad Money: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s New Zealand – Table NZ.World Bank.WDI: Money Supply. Broad money (IFS line 35L..ZK) is the sum of currency outside banks; demand deposits other than those of the central government; the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government; bank and traveler’s checks; and other securities such as certificates of deposit and commercial paper.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average; The derivation of this indicator was simplified in September 2012 to be current-year broad money divided by current-year GDP times 100.

Tonga TO: Broad Money: % of GDP data was reported at 59.521 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 57.577 % for 2016. Tonga TO: Broad Money: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 39.490 % from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 59.521 % in 2017 and a record low of 26.790 % in 1994. Tonga TO: Broad Money: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Money Supply. Broad money (IFS line 35L..ZK) is the sum of currency outside banks; demand deposits other than those of the central government; the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government; bank and traveler’s checks; and other securities such as certificates of deposit and commercial paper.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average; The derivation of this indicator was simplified in September 2012 to be current-year broad money divided by current-year GDP times 100.

Tonga TO: Broad Money data was reported at 560.570 TOP mn in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 512.151 TOP mn for 2016. Tonga TO: Broad Money data is updated yearly, averaging 173.990 TOP mn from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2017, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 560.570 TOP mn in 2017 and a record low of 40.796 TOP mn in 1989. Tonga TO: Broad Money data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Tonga – Table TO.World Bank.WDI: Money Supply. Broad money (IFS line 35L..ZK) is the sum of currency outside banks; demand deposits other than those of the central government; the time, savings, and foreign currency deposits of resident sectors other than the central government; bank and traveler’s checks; and other securities such as certificates of deposit and commercial paper.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files.; ;