The amount of water in soil is based on rainfall amount, what proportion of rain infiltrates into the soil, and the soil"s storage capacity. Available water storage is the maximum amount of plant available water a soil can provide. It is an indicator of a soil’s ability to retain water and make it sufficiently available for plant use. Available Water Storage is a capacity estimate for the top 150 centimeters of soil. It is calculated from the difference between soil water content at field capacity and the permanent wilting point adjusted for salinity and fragments. Available water storage is used to develop water budgets, predict droughtiness, design and operate irrigation systems, design drainage systems, protect water resources, and predict yields. Available water storage is an important input into hydrologic models including the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) - a water quality model that is designed to assess non-point and point source pollution at the river basin scale. Available water storagecan also be used as an indication of a soil"s drought susceptibility, for water recharge modeling, to assess a soil"s ability to support crops, and for many other purposes. Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Amount of water a soil can hold that is available to plantsGeographic Extent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Republic of Palau, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, and American Samoa.Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereData Coordinate System: WKID 5070 USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version (contiguous US, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands), WKID 3338 WGS 1984 Albers (Alaska), WKID 4326 WGS 1984 Decimal Degrees (Guam, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Republic of Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, American Samoa, and Hawaii).Units: MillimetersCell Size: 30 metersSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Unsigned integerSource:Natural Resources Conservation ServiceUpdate Frequency: AnnualPublication Date: December 2024 Data from the gNATSGO database was used to create the layer. This layer is derived from the 30m rasters produced by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The value for available water storage is derived from the gSSURGO map unit aggregated attribute table field: Available Water Storage 0-150cm Weighted Average (aws0150wta). What can you do with this layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis across the ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application. Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online, you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "available water storage" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map.In ArcGIS Pro, open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "available water storage" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.In ArcGIS Pro you can use the built-in raster functions or create your own to create custom extracts of the data. Imagery layers provide fast, powerful inputs to geoprocessing tools, models, or Python scripts in Pro. Online you can filter the layer to show subsets of the data using the filter button and the layer's built-in raster functions. The ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics like this one. Questions?Please leave a comment below if you have a question about this layer, and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

This service is available to all ArcGIS Online users with organizational accounts. For more information on this service, including the terms of use, visit us online at https://goto.arcgisonline.com/landscape11/USA_Soils_Available_Water_Storage.The amount of water in soil is based on rainfall amount, what proportion of rain infiltrates into the soil, and the soil's storage capacity. Available water storage is the maximum amount of plant available water a soil can provide. It is an indicator of a soil’s ability to retain water and make it sufficiently available for plant use. Available Water Storage is a capacity estimate for the top 150 centimeters of soil. It is calculated from the difference between soil water content at field capacity and the permanent wilting point adjusted for salinity and fragments.Available water storage is used to develop water budgets, predict droughtiness, design and operate irrigation systems, design drainage systems, protect water resources, and predict yields. Available water storage is an important input into hydrologic models including the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) - a water quality model that is designed to assess non-point and point source pollution at the river basin scale. Available water storage can also be used as an indication of a soil's drought susceptibility, for water recharge modeling, to assess a soil's ability to support crops, and for many other purposes.Dataset SummaryPhenomenon Mapped: Amount of water a soil can hold, that is available to plantsUnits: MillimetersCell Size: 30 metersSource Type: DiscretePixel Type: Unsigned integerData Coordinate System: USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version (contiguous US, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands), WGS 1984 Albers (Alaska), Hawaii Albers Equal Area Conic (Hawaii), Western Pacific Albers Equal Area Conic (Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, and American Samoa)Mosaic Projection: Web Mercator Auxiliary SphereExtent: Contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, and American SamoaSource: Natural Resources Conservation ServicePublication Date: July 2020ArcGIS Server URL: https://landscape11.arcgis.com/arcgis/Data from the gNATSGO database was used to create the layer for the contiguous United States, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The remaining areas were created with the gSSURGO database (Hawaii, Guam, Marshall Islands, Northern Marianas Islands, Palau, Federated States of Micronesia, and American Samoa).This layer is derived from the 30m (contiguous U.S.) and 10m rasters (all other regions) produced by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The value for available water storage is derived from the gSSURGO map unit aggregated attribute table field Available Water Storage 0-150cm Weighted Average (aws0150wta).What can you do with this Layer?This layer is suitable for both visualization and analysis across the ArcGIS system. This layer can be combined with your data and other layers from the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World in ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS Pro to create powerful web maps that can be used alone or in a story map or other application.Because this layer is part of the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World it is easy to add to your map:In ArcGIS Online, you can add this layer to a map by selecting Add then Browse Living Atlas Layers. A window will open. Type "available water storage" in the search box and browse to the layer. Select the layer then click Add to Map.In ArcGIS Pro, open a map and select Add Data from the Map Tab. Select Data at the top of the drop down menu. The Add Data dialog box will open on the left side of the box, expand Portal if necessary, then select Living Atlas. Type "available water storage" in the search box, browse to the layer then click OK.In ArcGIS Pro you can use the built-in raster functions or create your own to create custom extracts of the data. Imagery layers provide fast, powerful inputs to geoprocessing tools, models, or Python scripts in Pro.Online you can filter the layer to show subsets of the data using the filter button and the layer's built-in raster functions.The ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World provides an easy way to explore many other beautiful and authoritative maps on hundreds of topics like this one.

Version 3 of the Named Landforms of the World (NLWv3) is an update of version 2 of the Named Landforms of the World (NLWv2). NLWv2 will remain available as the compilation that best matches the work of E.M. Bridges and Richard E. Murphy. In NLWv3, we added attributes that describe each landform's volcanism based on data from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP). We designed NLWv3 layers for two purposes:Label maps with broadly accepted names for physiographic features. Use the polygons as a basis to add fields (attributes) to observation data or other small features to facilitate rich and relevant descriptions that indicate how other features relate to named physiographic features. Three workflows are recommended: (1) For point features, Identity and then Join Field; (2) Zonal Statistics as Table and then Join Field, and when many such attributes are being produced, (3) when adding multiple different attributes, the recently added Zonal Characterization tool and then Join Field. While we gained ability to estimate the area of Earth"s volcanic landforms, we also learned that volcanoes are relatively short-lived as landforms. The GVP provided two inventories, one for the Holocene Epoch, which is the most recent 11,700 years (since the last ice age), and for the Pleistocene Epoch, which precedes the Holocene, and lasted about 2.6 million years. There were only 7.8% more volcanoes included for the Pleistocene, even though the Pleistocene is 222 times longer. That means most older volcanoes have disappeared through natural erosional and depositional processes. In the NLWv3, we consider volcanic landforms as being one of many types of landforms, including calderas, clusters and complexes, shields, stratovolcanoes, or minor volcanic features such as lava domes and fissure vents. Not all of the GVP features, particularly fissure vents and remnants of calderas, are large enough to be mapped as polygons in the NLWv3. Similarly, complexes and volcanic fields typically had greater areas and included many individual cinder cones and calderas. ContinentCount of Volcanic LandformsArea km2 of Volcanic Landforms (% of land area)Europe7822,888 (0.23%)Antarctica4234,035 (0.27%)Australia14757,422 (0.65%)South America37081,475 (0.46%)Small Volcanic Islands559124,310 (8.52%)Africa282147,116 (0.50%)Asia698227,486 (0.53%)North America622295,340 (1.23%)Global Totals2,7981,000,073 (0.67%) Overview of UpdatesCorresponding landform polygons were assigned attributes for the GVP"s ID, name, province, and region. See details in the volcanic attributes section below. Additionally, an describing volcanism for each GVP feature was derived from these and several other GVP attributes to provide a reader-friendly characterization of each feature.Landforms of Antarctica. Given recent analysis of Antarctica and the GVP data it became possible to provide rudimentary landform features for Antarctica. See details in the Antarctica section below.Refined the definition of Murphy"s Isolated Volcanics classification. If the volcanic landform occurred outside of a orogenic, rifting, or subducting zone, it could not be considered isolated, as this is where volcanos are expected to occur. Only volcanoes occurring in areas with no tectonic activity are considered Isolated Volcanics, and these typically occur in mid-continent or mid-tectonic plate. See details in the Isolated Volcanic Areas section below.Edits to tectonic process attributes in selected areas. The Global Volcanism Program point locations for volcanoes includes an attribute for the underlying tectonic process. The concept matched the existing tectonic process in the NLWv2 and we compared the values. When the values differed, we reviewed research and made changes. See details in the Tectonic Process section below.Minor boundary changes at the province and lower levels in the western mountains of North and South America. See details in the Boundary Change Locations section below.Technical CharacteristicsThe NLWv2 and NLWv3 are derived the same raster datasets used to produce the 2018 version of the World Terrestrial Ecosystems (WTEs), which when combined have a lowest-common-denominator resolution, a.k.a. minimum-mapping-unit of 1-km. This means that some features, such as small islands are not included and complex coastlines are simplified and only included as land if the 1-km cell contains at least 50% land. Because the coastlines included in the original datasets varied by as much as 3-km from the actual coastline, nearly always due to missing land, we manually corrected many of the worst cases in NLWv2 using the 12 to 30-meter resolution World Hillshade layer as a guide. In NLWv3, we continued this work by adding 247 volcanic islands, some of which were smaller than 1-km in area. We estimate these islands to have been about one percent of the smaller islands of the world. In NLWv3, we also refined the coastlines of volcanic coastal areas, particularly in Oceania and Japan. For NLWv4, we plan to continue this refinement work intending that future versions of NLW will have a progressively refined, medium resolution coastline, though we do not intend to capture the full detail of the Global Islands dataset produced from 30-m Landsat. Detailed Description of Updates Volcanic AttributesWe combined the Holocene and Pleistocene spreadsheets containing the coordinates and attributes for each volcano, then added a column for the geologic age before exporting as a .CSV file and importing into ArcGIS Pro. We used the XY Table to Points tool to create point features. We ultimately found that nearly ten percent of the point locations lacked sufficient precision to fall within the correct landform polygon, so we manually reviewed each point and assigned the Volcano ID to each polygon.We were able to assign 2,394 of 2,662 GVP volcanic features to landform polygons. 198 GVP features were not used because they represented undersea features and 75 GVP features did not have apparent landforms; either being very small or indistinguishable from surrounding topography. Of the 2,394 assigned GVP features, 48% are Holocene age features and 52% are Pleistocene age features. We found that 225 GVP features were not located within a landform feature that topographically represented a volcanic landform feature, e.g., a caldera or stratovolcano. This was usually due to insufficient precision of the coordinates provided, which sometimes were rounded to the nearest integer of latitude and longitude and could be over 50-km distant from the landform"s location. AttributeDescriptionVolcano ID (SI)The six-digit unique ID for the Global Volcanism Program features.Volcano Name (SI)The Name of the volcanic feature as provided by the Global Volcanism Program. Volcanic Region (SI)The Name of the volcanic region as provided by the Global Volcanism Program. Volcanic Province (SI)The Name of the volcanic province as provided by the Global Volcanism Program. VolcanismA consistently formatted description volcanism for the landform feature based on the age, last eruption, landform type, and type of material. This information was not consistently available from the Global Volcanism Program, and we used a Python script to determine the condition of the Global Volcanism Program"s data and then include whatever information was available. AntarcticaSeveral recent analyses of Antarctica complemented the GVP point features. In particular, the British Antarctic Survey"s 2019 Deep glacial troughs and stabilizing ridges unveiled beneath the margins of the Antarctic ice sheet shows sufficiently detailed land surface elevation beneath the ice sheets to support identifying topographic landform classes. We georeferenced the elevation image and combined that with Bridge"s geomorphological divisions and provinces to divide the continent into landforms. More work needs to be done to make these landform polygons as rich and accurately defined as those in NLWv2. Isolated Volcanic AreasNLWv2 has 333 Isolated Volcanic landforms. We intentionally expanded on Murphy"s map which could not show many of the smaller landforms and areas due to the 1:50,000,000 scale (poster sized map of the world). Murphy"s map only included isolated volcanic areas in three locations: north-central Africa, Hawaii, and Iceland. In NLWv2, we used the Global Lithological Map to identify several areas on each continent and used the example of Hawaii to include many other known volcanic islands. In most ways, Isolated Volcanics denoted geographic isolation from other mountain systems. NLWv3 contains 2,798 volcanic landform features, and 185 have Murphy"s Isolated Volcanic structure class because they do not occur within a region with the tectonic process of orogenic, subduction, or rifting. These Isolated Volcanic landform features are located mostly in mid-tectonic plate regions of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and on islands, particularly in the southern hemisphere, with a few in North America and Asia. NLWv3 contains 2,603 volcanic landform features, occurring on all continents and islands within all oceans. Tectonic ProcessThe GVP data included a tectonic setting attribute that was compiled independently of the NLWv2 tectonic setting variable. When these differed, we reviewed and if needed update the tectonic setting variable in the NLWv3. This also exposed several regions of landforms requiring updates to the Structure class. These areas included Japan, northeast Asia, the Aleutian Islands, and Alaska to either Orogenic or None. We independently verified these regions using Orogeny and Mantle Dynamics: role of tectonic erosion and second continent in the mantle transition zone which indicated specific orogenic and subducting areas, disagreeing with our original assessment and the GVP attribution for tectonic setting. Tectonic ProcessHolocene Volcanic Features Pleistocene Volcanic FeaturesNone (Isolated)7797Orogenic329497Subduction