I am hereby sharing the dataset used in the paper titled 'Beyond Tradition: A Hybrid Model Unveiling News Impact on Exchange Rates'. The dataset comprises the following components: Taylor Rule Fundamentals: - Inflation - Industrial production index (as a high-frequency proxy of GDP) - Money market rate spanning from 2000 to 2018. Textual Information: - Economic Policy Uncertainty Index from https://www.policyuncertainty.com/index.html (as of November 9, 2023). - Time series of entropies calculated for U.S. Dollar-related news topics extracted from the Nexis-Uni database. Note: To acquire the textual data from the Nexis-Uni database, we conducted the following steps: We entered "U.S. Dollar" as a keyword in the search for news, resulting in over 15 million non-duplicate news items. Subsequently, we cleaned the news data and selected relevant news items using the following criteria: (i) The U.S. Dollar appears in the title of news items, (ii) The term "U.S. Dollar" is repeated several times in the news, (iii) The first paragraph of the news contains the word "U.S. Dollar", (iv) The news items are automatically selected by the Nexis-Uni database with the U.S. Dollar as the subject. Subsequently, we identified the topics related to the US Dollar from the news using LDA and calculated the Shannon entropies over time for each topic.

The EUR/USD exchange rate rose to 1.1756 on September 30, 2025, up 0.22% from the previous session. Over the past month, the Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD has strengthened 0.36%, and is up by 6.25% over the last 12 months. Euro US Dollar Exchange Rate - EUR/USD - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on September of 2025.

For nearly five years, the Swiss National Bank intervened against the Swiss franc to prevent increase of deflation pressures. An unexpected switch in monetary policy was made in January 2015, and the regime was abandoned. In this paper, the authors examine the exchange rate influence on the inflation in Switzerland, separately for the pre-crisis and the intervention period. Using autoregressive models, they quantify the extent of pass-through of an exchange rate shock to different price indices. The results suggest that the exchange rate interventions did indeed enhance the exchange rate pass-through into inflation. Despite the effect’s moderate influence, the decline was not immediate. The authors additionally analysed long-term exchange rate pass-through. The examination reveals that the long-term behaviour arises rather from the intervention than from the pre-crisis period. The exchange rate effect on inflation was thus in a better accordance with theory during the intervention period. As such, currency depreciation did have a positive effect on inflation in Switzerland.

This paper investigates both the effects of domestic monetary policy and external shocks on fundamental macroeconomic variables in six fast growing emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and Turkey—denoted hereafter as BRICS_T. The authors adopt a structural VAR model with a block exogeneity procedure to identify domestic monetary policy shocks and external shocks. Their research reveals that a contractionary monetary policy in most countries appreciates the domestic currency, increases interest rates, effectively controls inflation rates and reduces output. They do not find any evidence of the price, output, exchange rates and trade puzzles that are usually found in VAR studies. Their findings imply that the exchange rate is the main transmission mechanism in BRICS_T economies. The authors also find that that there are inverse J-curves in five of the six fast growing emerging economies and there are deviations from UIP (Uncovered Interest Parity) in response to a contractionary monetary policy in those countries. Moreover, world output shocks are not a dominant source of fluctuations in those economies.

This dataset contains news headlines relevant to key forex pairs: AUDUSD, EURCHF, EURUSD, GBPUSD, and USDJPY. The data was extracted from reputable platforms Forex Live and FXstreet over a period of 86 days, from January to May 2023. The dataset comprises 2,291 unique news headlines. Each headline includes an associated forex pair, timestamp, source, author, URL, and the corresponding article text. Data was collected using web scraping techniques executed via a custom service on a virtual machine. This service periodically retrieves the latest news for a specified forex pair (ticker) from each platform, parsing all available information. The collected data is then processed to extract details such as the article's timestamp, author, and URL. The URL is further used to retrieve the full text of each article. This data acquisition process repeats approximately every 15 minutes.

To ensure the reliability of the dataset, we manually annotated each headline for sentiment. Instead of solely focusing on the textual content, we ascertained sentiment based on the potential short-term impact of the headline on its corresponding forex pair. This method recognizes the currency market's acute sensitivity to economic news, which significantly influences many trading strategies. As such, this dataset could serve as an invaluable resource for fine-tuning sentiment analysis models in the financial realm.

We used three categories for annotation: 'positive', 'negative', and 'neutral', which correspond to bullish, bearish, and hold sentiments, respectively, for the forex pair linked to each headline. The following Table provides examples of annotated headlines along with brief explanations of the assigned sentiment.

Examples of Annotated Headlines


    Forex Pair
    Headline
    Sentiment
    Explanation




    GBPUSD 
    Diminishing bets for a move to 12400 
    Neutral
    Lack of strong sentiment in either direction


    GBPUSD 
    No reasons to dislike Cable in the very near term as long as the Dollar momentum remains soft 
    Positive
    Positive sentiment towards GBPUSD (Cable) in the near term


    GBPUSD 
    When are the UK jobs and how could they affect GBPUSD 
    Neutral
    Poses a question and does not express a clear sentiment


    JPYUSD
    Appropriate to continue monetary easing to achieve 2% inflation target with wage growth 
    Positive
    Monetary easing from Bank of Japan (BoJ) could lead to a weaker JPY in the short term due to increased money supply


    USDJPY
    Dollar rebounds despite US data. Yen gains amid lower yields 
    Neutral
    Since both the USD and JPY are gaining, the effects on the USDJPY forex pair might offset each other


    USDJPY
    USDJPY to reach 124 by Q4 as the likelihood of a BoJ policy shift should accelerate Yen gains 
    Negative
    USDJPY is expected to reach a lower value, with the USD losing value against the JPY


    AUDUSD

    <p>RBA Governor Lowe’s Testimony High inflation is damaging and corrosive </p>

    Positive
    Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) expresses concerns about inflation. Typically, central banks combat high inflation with higher interest rates, which could strengthen AUD.

Moreover, the dataset includes two columns with the predicted sentiment class and score as predicted by the FinBERT model. Specifically, the FinBERT model outputs a set of probabilities for each sentiment class (positive, negative, and neutral), representing the model's confidence in associating the input headline with each sentiment category. These probabilities are used to determine the predicted class and a sentiment score for each headline. The sentiment score is computed by subtracting the negative class probability from the positive one.

Inflation Rate In the Euro Area remained unchanged at 2 percent in August. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation Rate in Japan decreased to 2.70 percent in August from 3.10 percent in July of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Japan Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This panel dataset contains quarterly series on inflation targets, bands, and track records for 41 inflation targeting countries from 1990 to 2024. Data on inflation targets and bands are collected through each central bank’s historical documents and rules-based track record measures are calculated by the author to assess actual inflation outcomes with respect to the central banks’ stated policy objectives. The dataset supports research work in Zhang (2025), Zhang and Wang (2022), and Zhang (2021). Please cite the following paper when using the data: Z. Zhang, Inflation Targets, Bands, and Track Records: a Dataset of Inflation Targeting Countries, Data in Brief, Volume 61, 2025, 111753.

Other related papers: Z. Zhang, Does inflation targeting track record matter for asset prices? Evidence from stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Volume 101, 2025, 102141. Z. Zhang, S. Wang, Do actions speak louder than words? Assessing the effects of inflation targeting track records on macroeconomic performance, 2022, IMF Working Papers 2022/227.
Z. Zhang, Stock returns and inflation redux: An explanation from monetary policy in advanced and emerging markets, 2021, IMF Working Papers 2021/219.

The 2025 August online version has added two non-IT countries (Switzerland and China) for comparison purpose.

This is the latest version of the Global VAR (GVAR) dataset - a global modelling framework for analyzing the international macroeconomic transmission of shocks while accounting for drivers of economic activity, interlinkages and spillovers between different countries, and the effects of unobserved or observed common factors. This dataset includes quarterly macroeconomic variables for 33 economies (log real GDP, y, the rate of inflation, dp, short-term interest rate, r, long-term interest rate, lr, the log deflated exchange rate, ep, and log real equity prices, eq, as well as quarterly data on commodity prices (oil prices, poil, agricultural raw material, pmat, and metals prices, pmetal), from 1979Q2 to 2023Q3. These 33 countries cover more than 90% of world GDP.

It would be appreciated if use of the updated dataset could be acknowledged as: “Mohaddes, K. and M. Raissi (2024). Compilation, Revision and Updating of the Global VAR (GVAR) Database, 1979Q2-2023Q3. University of Cambridge: Judge Business School (mimeo)”.

For more details on Global VAR (GVAR) modelling, see also www.mohaddes.org/gvar

P1380A: Quarterly time-series data (1970:1 - 1992:2 / 92 points of measurement) containing for West Germany and the United States: money-stock (source: OECD), nominal gross national product (source: OECD, IMF), world trade volume in 1985 prices (source: DATASTREAM, IMF), price index of gross national product - 1985=100 (source: OECD, IMF), foreign price index - 1985=100 (source: DATASTREAM, IMF), oil-price index in US dollars - 1985=100 (source: HWWA) and derived constructs. Analysis aimed at testing: 1. symmetry hypothesis (= positive and negative shocks have equal effect on real income), 2. structural neutrality hypothesis (= expected changes in aggregate demand do not influence real output) and 3. non persistence hypothesis (= shocks only influence real output at time they occur). The price-misperception models and the price-stickiness models lead to opposing predictions regarding these hypotheses. ( natural rate hypothesis, Phillips curve P1380B: Cross-sectional meta-analysis of 143 developed and developing countries, based on material from 10 studies previously published. Variables: supply response to changes in the expected real price level in each individual market, price variance, trade-off effects of an unexpected increase in nominal demand on cyclical output and variance of nominal demand growth. Analysis aimed at testing Lucas variability hypotheses. ( new-classical economics / Phillips-curve ) P1380C: Quarterly time-series data (1969:1 - 1995:2 / 106 points of measurement) containing for Spain and Italy: consumer price index - 1990=100 (for Germany also), European price index (constructed), import price index - 1990=100, exchange rate towards Deutschmark and real effective exchange rate index - 1972=100 (constructed) Source: International Financial Statistics/ constructed variables: various. Analysis aimed at testing increase of speed of inflation convergence of Spain and Italy when joining the Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM )of the European Monetary System ( EMS ) and when maintaining a hard peg to the Deutschmark in the 1975-1995 period. ( credibility hypothesis / monetary policy )

Inflation Rate in Turkey decreased to 32.95 percent in August from 33.52 percent in July of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Hajj Dataset 2021-2024: Ministry of Religious Affairs Malang City contains comprehensive data on the Hajj pilgrimage process for 2021 through 2024, gathered explicitly from the Malang City branch of Indonesia's Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kemenag). This dataset captures key information about the Hajj pilgrimage, including payment records, associated costs, and demographic details of the pilgrims, providing valuable insights into the financial aspects and trends over the four years. Key Data Features: Yearly Hajj Costs: Information on the financial breakdown of Hajj costs for each year, covering all components, including transportation, accommodation, and other mandatory fees. Pilgrim Demographics: Data on the number and characteristics of pilgrims from Malang City, including age, gender, and other socioeconomic indicators. Payment Status and History: Records of payments made by the pilgrims detailing the timing, amount, and any outstanding balances. Regulatory Changes: Information on changes in the regulations and policies of the Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kemenag) that may have impacted the cost structure or payment schedule during this period. Inflation and Currency Impact: Data reflecting the impact of national inflation rates or currency fluctuations, particularly the value of the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) relative to the Saudi Riyal (SAR), on the overall pilgrimage cost. Hajj Quota and Registrations: The number of Hajj applicants from Malang City and the annual quota allocated to the region, including details on the selection process and waiting periods. Potential Use Cases: Cost Prediction: Analyze cost trends and predict future financial needs for the Hajj pilgrimage. Policy Analysis: Assess the impact of government policies on the affordability and accessibility of Hajj for pilgrims. Economic Analysis: Understand how national economic factors (inflation and and exchange rates) affect pilgrimage costs. Social Research: Study demographic patterns and regional participation in Hajj from Malang City. This dataset provides an essential resource for anyone interested in the economic, social, and policy dimensions of the Hajj pilgrimage in Indonesia, particularly in the context of Malang City's unique data.

Inflation Rate in Brazil decreased to 5.13 percent in August from 5.23 percent in July of 2025. This dataset provides - Brazil Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Introduction of the euro in EU member states still using their national currency. Topics: contact with and use of euro banknotes or coins; use in the own country, abroad, or both; knowledge test on the euro: equal design of euro banknotes and coins in every country, number of countries that already introduced the euro; readiness of the own country to introduce the euro; year of introduction in the own country; self-rated knowledge on the euro; preferred time of information about the introduction of the euro in the own country; trust in information about the introduction provided by: national government or authorities, tax administrations, national central bank, European institutions, commercial banks, journalists, trade unions or professional organizations, consumer associations; preferred places of information about the euro and the changeover; most important issues to be covered by information campaigns; significance of selected information campaign actions; assessment of the impact of the introduction of the euro in the countries already using the euro as positive; assessment of the impact of the introduction on the own country and on personal life; preference for introducing the euro in the own country; preferred time for introducing the euro in the own country; expected impact of the introduction on the prices in the own country; expected impact of the introduction: easier price comparisons with other countries, easier shopping in other countries, save money by eliminating fees of currency exchange in other countries, more convenient travel in other countries, protection of the own country from the effects of international crises, further strengthening of the own country’s place in the EU; benefits from the adoption of the euro on the own country: lower interest rates, sounder public finances, improvement of growth and employment, low inflation rates, reinforcement of the place of Europe in the world, strengthening of the feeling of being European; attitude towards the following statements regarding the adoption of the euro: conviction to personally adapt to the new currency, concern about abusive price setting during the changeover, loss of control over national economic policy, loss of national identity. Demography: age; sex; nationality; age at end of education; professional position; region; type of community; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone; household composition and household size. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; type of phone line; weighting factor. Einführung des Euro in EU-Mitgliedsstaaten mit bisher nationaler Währung. Themen: Kontakt mit und Nutzung von Euro-Banknoten und -Münzen; Nutzung im eigenen Land, im Ausland oder beides; Wissenstest über den Euro: identisches Aussehen von Euro-Banknoten und -Münzen in jedem Land, Anzahl der bereits den Euro nutzenden Länder; Bereitsein des eigenes Landes für die Einführung des Euro; Jahr der Einführung im eigenen Land; Selbsteinschätzung der Informiertheit über den Euro; bevorzugter Zeitpunkt für Informationen zur Euro-Einführung im eigenen Land; Vertrauen in Informationen zur Euro-Einführung von: nationaler Regierung oder Behörden, Steuerbehörden, nationaler Zentralbank, europäischen Institutionen, Geschäftsbanken, Journalisten, Gewerkschaften oder Berufsorganisationen, Verbraucherschutzorganisationen; bevorzugte Orte für Informationen über den Euro und die Umstellung; wichtigste Inhalte einer Informationskampagne zum Euro; Bedeutung einzelner Aktionen einer Informationskampagne; Einschätzung der Folgen der Einführung in den bereits den Euro nutzenden Ländern als positiv; Einschätzung der Folgen der Einführung für das eigene Land und für den Befragten persönlich; Präferenz für die Einführung des Euro im eigenen Land; bevorzugter Zeitpunkt für die Einführung des Euro im eigenen Land; erwartete Auswirkungen der Einführung auf die Preise im eigenen Land; erwartete Folgen der Einführung: Erleichterung von Preisvergleichen mit anderen Ländern, Erleichterung von Einkäufen in anderen Ländern, Kostensenkung beim Geldumtausch durch Aufheben von Gebühren, bequemeres Reisen in anderen Ländern, Schutz des eigenen Landes vor den Folgen internationaler Krisen, weitere Stärkung der Rolle des eigenen Landes in der EU; Vorzüge durch die Einführung des Euro für das eigene Land: niedrigere Zinssätze, solidere öffentliche Finanzen, Verbesserung von Wachstum und Beschäftigung, niedrige Inflationsraten, Stärkung der Rolle Europas in der Welt, Stärkung der europäischen Identifikation; Einstellung zu folgenden Aussagen zur Euro-Einführung: Überzeugung der persönlichen Gewöhnung an die neue Währung, Besorgnis über missbräuchliche Preisbildung während des Übergangs, Verlust der Kontrolle über die nationale Wirtschaftspolitik, Verlust der nationalen Identität. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Staatsangehörigkeit; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; berufliche Stellung; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Anzahl der Personen ab 15 Jahren im Haushalt (Haushaltsgröße). Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Gewichtungsfaktor.

Einführung des Euro in Litauen. Themen: Kontakt mit und Nutzung von Euro-Banknoten und -Münzen; Nutzung im eigenen Land, im Ausland oder beides; Wissenstest über den Euro: identisches Aussehen von Euro-Banknoten und -Münzen in jedem Land, Anzahl der bereits den Euro nutzenden Länder, Wahlmöglichkeit des eigenen Landes zur Einführung des Euro, Jahr der Einführung im eigenen Land; Selbsteinschätzung der Informiertheit über den Euro; bevorzugter Zeitpunkt für Informationen zur Euro-Einführung im eigenen Land; Vertrauen in Informationen zur Euro-Einführung von: nationaler bzw. regionaler Regierung oder Behörden, Steuerbehörden, nationaler Zentralbank, europäischen Institutionen, Geschäftsbanken, Journalisten, Gewerkschaften oder Berufsorganisationen, Verbraucherschutzorganisationen; bevorzugte Orte für Informationen über den Euro und die Umstellung; wichtigste Inhalte einer Informationskampagne zum Euro; Bedeutung einzelner Aktionen einer Informationskampagne; Einschätzung der Folgen der Einführung in den bereits den Euro nutzenden Ländern als positiv; Einschätzung der Folgen der Einführung für das eigene Land und für den Befragten persönlich; Zustimmung zur Einführung des Euro im eigenen Land; bevorzugter Zeitpunkt für die Einführung des Euro; erwartete Auswirkungen der Einführung auf die Preise im eigenen Land; erwartete Folgen der Einführung: Erleichterung von Preisvergleichen mit anderen Ländern, Erleichterung von Einkäufen in anderen Ländern, Kostensenkung beim Geldumtausch durch Aufheben von Gebühren, bequemeres Reisen in anderen Ländern, Schutz des eigenen Landes vor den Folgen internationaler Krisen; Vorzüge durch die Einführung des Euro für das eigene Land: niedrigere Zinssätze, solidere öffentliche Finanzen, Verbesserung von Wachstum und Beschäftigung, niedrige Inflationsraten, Stärkung der europäischen Identifikation; Einstellung zu folgenden Aussagen zur Euro-Einführung: Überzeugung, sich persönlich an die neue Währung zu gewöhnen, Besorgnis über missbräuchliche Preisbildung, Verlust der Kontrolle über die nationale Wirtschaftspolitik, Verlust der nationalen Identität. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Staatsangehörigkeit; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; Beruf; berufliche Stellung; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Haushaltszusammensetzung und Haushaltsgröße. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Gewichtungsfaktor. Introduction of the euro in Lithuania. Topics: contact with and use of euro banknotes or coins; use of euro banknotes or coins in the own country or abroad; knowledge test on the euro: equal design of euro banknotes and coins in every country, number of countries that already introduced the euro, possibility of the own country to choose whether to introduce the euro or not, year of introduction of the euro in the own country; self-rated knowledge on the euro; preferred time of information about the introduction of the euro in the own country; trust in information about the introduction provided by: national or regional government or authorities, tax administration, national central bank, European institutions, commercial banks, journalists, trade unions or professional organizations, consumer associations; preferred places of information about the euro and the changeover; most important issues to be covered by information campaigns; significance of selected information campaign actions; assessment of the impact of the introduction of the euro in the countries already using the euro as positive; assessment of the impact of the introduction on the own country and on personal life; approval of introducing the euro in the own country; preferred time for introducing the euro; expected impact of the introduction on the prices in the own country; expected impact of the introduction: easier price comparisons with other countries, easier shopping in other countries, save money by eliminating fees of currency exchange in other countries, more convenient travel in other countries, protection of the own country from the effects of international crises; benefits from the adoption of the euro on the own country: lower interest rates, sounder public finances, improvement of growth and employment, ensuring low inflation rates, reinforcement of the place of Europe in the world, strengthening of European identity; approval of the following statements on the impact of the introduction of the euro: confident to adapt to the replacement of the national currency, afraid of abusive price setting, loss of control over national economic policy, loss of national identity. Demography: age; sex; nationality; age at end of education; occupation; professional position; region; type of community; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone; household composition and household size. Additionally coded was: type of phone line; weighting factor. Telephone interview: CATI Litauische Bevölkerung, im Alter von 15 Jahren und älter. Die Befragung umfasst die nationale Bevölkerung sowie die Bürger aller Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union, die in Litauen wohnhaft sind und über zum Ausfüllen des Fragebogens ausreichende Kenntnis der Landessprache verfügen. Population of Lithuania, aged 15 years and over. The survey covers the national population of citizens as well as the population of citizens of all the European Union Member States who are resident in Lithuania and have a sufficient command of the national language to answer the questionnaire.

Inflation Rate in Russia decreased to 8.10 percent in August from 8.80 percent in July of 2025. This dataset provides - Russia Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This statistic shows a ranking of the estimated total consumer spending on recreation & culture in 2020 in Australasia, differentiated by country. Consumer spending here refers to the domestic demand of private households and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) in the selected region. Spending by corporations or the state is not included. Consumer spending is the biggest component of the gross domestic product as computed on an expenditure basis in the context of national accounts. The other components in this approach are consumption expenditure of the state, gross domestic investment as well as the net exports of goods and services. Consumer spending is broken down according to the United Nations' Classification of Individual Consumption By Purpose (COICOP). The shown data adheres broadly to group **. As not all countries and regions report data in a harmonized way, all data shown here has been processed by Statista to allow the greatest level of comparability possible. The underlying input data are usually household budget surveys conducted by government agencies that track spending of selected households over a given period.The data is shown in nominal terms which means that monetary data is valued at prices of the respective year and has not been adjusted for inflation. For future years the price level has been projected as well. The data has been converted from local currencies to US$ using the average exchange rate of the respective year. For forecast years, the exchange rate has been projected as well. The timelines therefore incorporate currency effects.The shown forecast is adjusted for the expected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the local economy. The impact has been estimated by considering both direct (e.g. because of restrictions on personal movement) and indirect (e.g. because of weakened purchasing power) effects. The impact assessment is subject to periodic review as more data becomes available.The shown data are an excerpt of Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI). The KMI are a collection of primary and secondary indicators on the macro-economic, demographic and technological environment in more than *** countries and regions worldwide. All input data are sourced from international institutions, national statistical offices, and trade associations. All data has been are processed to generate comparable datasets (see supplementary notes under details for more information).

Einführung des Euro in EU-Mitgliedsstaaten mit bisher nationaler Währung. Themen: Kontakt mit und Nutzung von Euro-Banknoten und -Münzen; Nutzung im eigenen Land, im Ausland oder beides; Wissenstest über den Euro: identisches Aussehen von Euro-Banknoten und -Münzen in jedem Land, Anzahl der bereits den Euro nutzenden Länder; Bereitsein des eigenes Landes für die Einführung des Euro; Jahr der Einführung im eigenen Land; Selbsteinschätzung der Informiertheit über den Euro; bevorzugter Zeitpunkt für Informationen zur Euro-Einführung im eigenen Land; Vertrauen in Informationen zur Euro-Einführung von: nationaler Regierung oder Behörden, Steuerbehörden, nationaler Zentralbank, europäischen Institutionen, Geschäftsbanken, Journalisten, Gewerkschaften oder Berufsorganisationen, Verbraucherschutzorganisationen; bevorzugte Orte für Informationen über den Euro und die Umstellung; wichtigste Inhalte einer Informationskampagne zum Euro; Bedeutung einzelner Aktionen einer Informationskampagne; Einschätzung der Folgen der Einführung in den bereits den Euro nutzenden Ländern als positiv; Einschätzung der Folgen der Einführung für das eigene Land und für den Befragten persönlich; Präferenz für die Einführung des Euro im eigenen Land; bevorzugter Zeitpunkt für die Einführung des Euro im eigenen Land; erwartete Auswirkungen der Einführung auf die Preise im eigenen Land; erwartete Folgen der Einführung: Erleichterung von Preisvergleichen mit anderen Ländern, Erleichterung von Einkäufen in anderen Ländern, Kostensenkung beim Geldumtausch durch Aufheben von Gebühren, bequemeres Reisen in anderen Ländern, Schutz des eigenen Landes vor den Folgen internationaler Krisen, weitere Stärkung der Rolle des eigenen Landes in der EU; Vorzüge durch die Einführung des Euro für das eigene Land: niedrigere Zinssätze, solidere öffentliche Finanzen, Verbesserung von Wachstum und Beschäftigung, niedrige Inflationsraten, Stärkung der Rolle Europas in der Welt, Stärkung der europäischen Identifikation; Einstellung zu folgenden Aussagen zur Euro-Einführung: Überzeugung, sich persönlich an die neue Währung zu gewöhnen, Besorgnis über missbräuchliche Preisbildung während des Übergangs, Verlust der Kontrolle über die nationale Wirtschaftspolitik, Verlust der nationalen Identität. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Staatsangehörigkeit; Alter bei Beendigung der Ausbildung; berufliche Stellung; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad; Besitz eines Mobiltelefons; Festnetztelefon im Haushalt; Anzahl der Personen ab 15 Jahren im Haushalt (Haushaltsgröße). Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Interviewmodus (Mobiltelefon oder Festnetz); Gewichtungsfaktor. Introduction of the euro in EU member states still using their national currency. Topics: contact with and use of euro banknotes or coins; use in the own country, abroad, or both; knowledge test on the euro: equal design of euro banknotes and coins in every country, number of countries that already introduced the euro; readiness of the own country to introduce the euro; year of introduction in the own country; self-rated knowledge on the euro; preferred time of information about the introduction of the euro in the own country; trust in information about the introduction provided by: national government or authorities, tax administrations, national central bank, European institutions, commercial banks, journalists, trade unions or professional organizations, consumer associations; preferred places of information about the euro and the changeover; most important issues to be covered by information campaigns; significance of selected information campaign actions; assessment of the impact of the introduction of the euro in the countries already using the euro as positive; assessment of the impact of the introduction on the own country and on personal life; preference for introducing the euro in the own country; preferred time for introducing the euro in the own country; expected impact of the introduction on the prices in the own country; expected impact of the introduction: easier price comparisons with other countries, easier shopping in other countries, save money by eliminating fees of currency exchange in other countries, more convenient travel in other countries, protection of the own country from the effects of international crises, further strengthening of the own country’s place in the EU; benefits from the adoption of the euro on the own country: lower interest rates, sounder public finances, improvement of growth and employment, low inflation rates, reinforcement of the place of Europe in the world, strengthening of the feeling of being European; attitude towards the following statements regarding the adoption of the euro: conviction to personally adapt to the new currency, concern about abusive price setting during the changeover, loss of control over national economic policy, loss of national identity. Demography: age; sex; nationality; age at end of education; professional position; region; type of community; own a mobile phone and fixed (landline) phone; household composition and household size. Additionally coded was: respondent ID; type of phone line; weighting factor.

The DXY exchange rate fell to 97.6457 on October 1, 2025, down 0.19% from the previous session. Over the past month, the United States Dollar has weakened 0.76%, and is down by 3.95% over the last 12 months. United States Dollar - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

Views on the introduction of the euro. Themes: Contact with and use of euro banknotes and euro coins; use of euro banknotes and euro coins in respondent´s country or abroad; knowledge test of the design of euro coins and banknotes and about the number of EU countries that have introduced the euro; country has a choice to introduce the euro; expected year of introduction in respondent´s country; feeling well informed about the euro; desired time for information on the introduction of the euro; trust in selected institutions or groups regarding their informations on the changeover to the euro; essential issues for the information campaign; essential information campaign actions; positive or negative consequences for those countries that are using the euro already; expected positive or negative consequences of the introduction of the euro for the respondent´s country and for him personally; attitude towards the introduction of the euro; desired time to introduce the euro as new currency; suspected impact of the introduction of the euro on prices in the country; positive aspects of the euro-introduction (easier comparison of prices, easier shopping in other countries that use the euro, save of money by elimination fees of currency exchange, more convenient for traveling, protection of the country from the effects of international crises); positive aspects of the adoption of the euro for the country (will ensure lower interest rates, less debt charges, sounder public finances, improvement of growth and employment, ensure low inflation rates, reinforce the place of Europe in the world, feeling more European); the replacement of the national currency by the euro will cause a lot of inconvenience; concern about abusive price setting during the changeover; adoption of the euro leads to the lose of control over the economic policy of the country; adopting the euro will mean that the country will lose a part of its identity. Demography: Age; gender; age when finished full-time education; occupation and occupational status; region; type of community (degree of urbanization); possession of a mobile phone and a landline phone; number of persons in the household aged 15 years or more (household size). Ansichten über die Einführung des Euro. Themen: Kontakt mit und Verwendung von Euro-Banknoten und Euro-Münzen; Verwendung von Euro-Banknoten und Euro-Münzen im Inland oder im Ausland; Wissenstest über das Design der Euro-Münzen und Euro-Banknoten und über die Zahl der EU-Länder, die den Euro eingeführt haben; Land hat die Wahl, den Euro einzuführen; erwartetes Jahr der Euro-Einführung im Land; Gefühl, gut über den Euro informiert zu sein; gewünschte Zeit für Informationen über die Einführung des Euro; Vertrauen in ausgewählte Institutionen oder Gruppen in Bezug auf ihre Informationen zur Umstellung auf den Euro; wesentliche Fragen für die Informationskampagne; wesentliche Maßnahmen der Informationskampagne; positive oder negative Folgen für die Länder, die den Euro bereits verwenden; erwartete positive oder negativen Folgen der Einführung des Euro für das Land und für den Befragten persönlich; Einstellung zur Einführung des Euro; gewünschte Zeit für die Einführung des Euro als neue Währung; erwartete Auswirkungen der Einführung des Euro auf die Preise im Land; positiven Aspekte der Euro-Einführung (einfacherer Preisvergleich, einfacherer Einkauf in anderen Euro-Ländern, Einsparungen durch Wegfall von Wechselgebühren, praktisch für Reisen, Schutz des Landes vor den Auswirkungen der internationale Krisen); positive Aspekte der Einführung des Euro für das Land (Sicherstellen niedrigerer Zinsen, weniger Schuldengebühren, gesündere öffentliche Finanzen, Verbesserung von Wachstum und der Beschäftigung, sorgen für geringe Inflationsraten, verstärken den Platz Europas in der Welt, stärken eine europäische Identität); Ersetzen der nationalen Währung durch den Euro wird Unannehmlichkeiten verursachen; Besorgnis über missbräuchliche Preisauszeichnungen während der Umstellung; Einführung des Euro führt zum Kontrollverlust über die Wirtschaftspolitik des Landes; die Einführung des Euro bedeutet teilweisen Identitätsverlust für das Land. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Alter bei Ende der Schulbildung; Beruf und berufliche Stellung; Region; Urbanisierungsgrad; Besitz von Mobiltelefon und Festnetz-Telefon; Anzahl der Personen im Haushalt im Alter von 15 Jahren und älter (Haushaltsgröße).