The establishment of a BES Multi-User Geodatabase (BES-MUG) allows for the storage, management, and distribution of geospatial data associated with the Baltimore Ecosystem Study. At present, BES data is distributed over the internet via the BES website. While having geospatial data available for download is a vast improvement over having the data housed at individual research institutions, it still suffers from some limitations. BES-MUG overcomes these limitations; improving the quality of the geospatial data available to BES researches, thereby leading to more informed decision-making. BES-MUG builds on Environmental Systems Research Institute's (ESRI) ArcGIS and ArcSDE technology. ESRI was selected because its geospatial software offers robust capabilities. ArcGIS is implemented agency-wide within the USDA and is the predominant geospatial software package used by collaborating institutions. Commercially available enterprise database packages (DB2, Oracle, SQL) provide an efficient means to store, manage, and share large datasets. However, standard database capabilities are limited with respect to geographic datasets because they lack the ability to deal with complex spatial relationships. By using ESRI's ArcSDE (Spatial Database Engine) in conjunction with database software, geospatial data can be handled much more effectively through the implementation of the Geodatabase model. Through ArcSDE and the Geodatabase model the database's capabilities are expanded, allowing for multiuser editing, intelligent feature types, and the establishment of rules and relationships. ArcSDE also allows users to connect to the database using ArcGIS software without being burdened by the intricacies of the database itself. For an example of how BES-MUG will help improve the quality and timeless of BES geospatial data consider a census block group layer that is in need of updating. Rather than the researcher downloading the dataset, editing it, and resubmitting to through ORS, access rules will allow the authorized user to edit the dataset over the network. Established rules will ensure that the attribute and topological integrity is maintained, so that key fields are not left blank and that the block group boundaries stay within tract boundaries. Metadata will automatically be updated showing who edited the dataset and when they did in the event any questions arise. Currently, a functioning prototype Multi-User Database has been developed for BES at the University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab, using Arc SDE and IBM's DB2 Enterprise Database as a back end architecture. This database, which is currently only accessible to those on the UVM campus network, will shortly be migrated to a Linux server where it will be accessible for database connections over the Internet. Passwords can then be handed out to all interested researchers on the project, who will be able to make a database connection through the Geographic Information Systems software interface on their desktop computer. This database will include a very large number of thematic layers. Those layers are currently divided into biophysical, socio-economic and imagery categories. Biophysical includes data on topography, soils, forest cover, habitat areas, hydrology and toxics. Socio-economics includes political and administrative boundaries, transportation and infrastructure networks, property data, census data, household survey data, parks, protected areas, land use/land cover, zoning, public health and historic land use change. Imagery includes a variety of aerial and satellite imagery. See the readme: http://96.56.36.108/geodatabase_SAL/readme.txt See the file listing: http://96.56.36.108/geodatabase_SAL/diroutput.txt

The Eklutna River is an anadromous river in South Central Alaska, whose salmon runs have provided important subsistence fishing for Native Alaskan's for millennia. US Fish and Wildlife Service and our partners at the Native Village of Eklutna are hoping to better document the locations of returning fish and the behaviors they are exhibiting during fall river surveys. Spawning behaviors, fish condition, and species are recorded along with a time and georeferenced point on the map. This survey will also help manage photos and data in a tidy structure. Making this query-able through ArcGIS Online will allow for easy data management and up to date sharing between USFWS and NVE. This template includes all XLSForm features supported in ArcGIS Survey123 and was created in Survey123 Connect.

Abstract

The Investment Climate Surveys (ICS) were conducted by the World Bank and its partners across all geographic regions and covered firms of all sizes in many industries. The ICS collected a wide array of qualitative and quantitative information through face-to-face interviews with managers and owners regarding the investment climate in their country and the productivity of their firms. Topics covered in the ICS included the obstacles to doing business, infrastructure, finance, labor, corruption and regulation, contract enforcement, law and order, innovation and technology, and firm productivity. Taken together, the qualitative and quantitative data helped connect a country’s investment climate characteristics with firm productivity and performance.

Firm-level surveys have been administered since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit (FPDEA). Enterprise Surveys, a replacement for Investment Climate Surveys, are now conducted by the Enterprise Analysis Unit.

Montenegro Investment Climate Survey was performed in June 2003. It covered 100 firms in manufacturing and retail/whole sales sectors.

The survey was undertaken in the aftermath of the assassination of Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic at a time when Serbia and Montenegro were experiencing a great deal of uncertainty, so the survey results must be viewed in this light.

Geographic coverage

National

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The current survey instrument is available: - Investment Climate Survey Questionnaire.

The survey has 11 sections: 1) General information about the firm: ownership, activities, and location;
2) Sales and supplies: imports and exports, supply and demand conditions, and competition;
3) Investment climate constraints: evaluation of general obstacles;
4) Infrastructure and services: power, water, transport, computers, and business services; 5) Finance: sources of finance, terms of finance, financial services, auditing, and land ownership;
6) Labor relations: worker skills, status and training, skill availability, over-employment, unionization, and strikes;
7) Business-government relations: quality of public services, consistency of policy and administration, customs processing, regulatory compliance costs (management time, delays, bribes); 8) Conflict resolution/legal environment: confidence in legal system and resolution of credit disputes;
9) Crime: security costs, cost of crimes, and use and performance of police services;
10) Capacity, innovation, and learning: utilization, new products, planning horizon, sources of technology, worker and management education, and experience; 11) Productivity information: employment level, and balance sheet information (including income, main costs and assets).

These data were compiled for Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CPNWR) in southern Arizona, to support managment efforts of water resources and wildlife conservation. Objective(s) of our study were to 1) measure water storage capacity at select stage heights in three tanks (also termed tinajas), 2) build a stage storage model to help CPNWR staff accurately estimate water volumes throughout the year, and 3) collect topographic data adjacent to the tanks as a means to help connect these survey data to past or future work. These data represent high-resolution (sub-meter) ground based lidar measurements used to meet these objectives and are provided as: processed lidar files (point clouds), rasters (digital elevation models), and vectors (shapefiles). These data were collected in Southern Arizona at Buckhorn, Eagle, and Senita tanks in the CPNWR from February 13-18, 2022. These data were collected by U.S. Geological Survey - Southwest Biological Science Center - Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) staff for the CPNWR using a Riegl VZ 1000 ground-based lidar to produces ground elevation models georeferenced using control target coordinates collected by a Trimble real-time kinematic (RTK) rover and base station. These data which represent maximum water storage capacity at Buckhorn, Eagle and Senita tanks following sediment removal by CPNWR staff less than one month prior can be used to support management efforts for water resources at these tanks, and wildlife conservation in the CPNWR. Additionally, these data can be used as baseline conditions for evaluating changes in water storage and water storage capacity.

The purpose of this dataset is to understand the prevalence of the coronavirus in the UK population, using longitudinal data and including not only cross-sectional data but the inclusion of an antibody test for a sub-sample of people. Demographic information is also included allowing for analyse by different variables to identify patterns and trends.

Participants have three options open to them; can have just have one visit, can have a visit every week for a month or, can have a visit every week for a month and then continue to have visits every month for one year in total from when you joined the study. This is entirely voluntary.

At each visit a field worker conducts a questionnaire, and supervises swab tests. A proportion of visits also include a blood sample being taken. The swab and blood samples are tested at laboratories.

The overall purpose of this study is to understand how many people across the UK have or may already have had the coronavirus. This will help the government manage the pandemic moving forwards.

The COVID-19 Community Infection Survey includes information on: • how many people across England and Wales (extending to Scotland and Northern Ireland) test positive for COVID-19 at a given point in time, regardless of whether they report experiencing symptoms • the average number of new infections per week over the course of the study • the number of people who test positive for antibodies, to indicate how many people are ever likely to have had the virus • key demographic information (sex, age, occupation)

Taken from sections of the Report:

The purpose of the 1998/99 Antarctic survey season was to provide survey control around Davis, Beaver Lake and the Prince Charles Mountains in support of the ANARE mapping program (ANAREMAGIP) as well as providing survey support for other ANARE science programs.

Surveyors Matt King and Rachael Manson from the Centre for Spatial Information Science, University of Tasmania, already travelling to Davis as part of a ASAC project, were appointed as surveyors for the 1998/99 season.

The Royal Australian Army provided Cartographer/Surveyor Lee Palfrey to assist with the survey program in the Davis region.

The Antarctic Division's Brief to Surveyors which outlines the details of the program is included in Appendix A. The survey program consisted of the following major areas:

• Photo control
  • Vestfold Hills (Platcha, Ellis Narrows and Marine Plain)
  • Larsemann Hills
  • Beaver Lake, Pagodroma Gorge and Soyuz station
• Field checking of photogrammetric plotting
  • Davis station digital map
  • Vestfold Hills
  • Larsemann Hills
• Providing GPS coordinates for all uncoordinated survey marks in the Vestfold Hills.
• Completion of various tasks relating to the Davis tide gauge
  • Downloading and retrieval of the existing tide gauge at Davis.
  • Installation of the new tide gauge at Davis.
  • Timed water-level measurements.
  • Precise levelling connection of the tide gauge bench marks with the ARGN GPS site at Davis.
  • Third order levelling to connect the current tide gauge bench marks to those previously used by the Royal Australian Navy.*
• Lake levels within the Vestfold Hills.
• Installation of a new tide pole for Deep Lake.
• Engineering surveys at Davis

• Aerial photography of penguin colonies along the coast near Davis.*

• These tasks were not included in the original brief but were carried out at the request of the Mapping Officer during the season.

Flight lines and photo centres representing the aerial photography of penguin colonies were later created in the Australian Antarctic Data Centre. This data has Dataset_id 24 and is included in the the aerial photography data available for download (see URL below).

GIS data was also created from data resulting from Matt King's survey of some features at Davis. The features include a fuel tank, some aerials, some electrical cables, some buildings, the SHIRE box (Physics apparatus) and a concrete pad. This GIS data has Dataset_id 24 and is included in the Davis GIS data available for download (see URL below).

Recommendations

Several recommendations can be made from our experiences over the summer.

We recommend a complete inventory of all GPS base station observations be taken and summarised. After observing NMVS 4, HBM 1 and HBM 2 we found that these marks had already been observed during the 1997/98 season (Note: the latitude of NMVS4 is listed incorrectly on page 24 of the 1997/98 report). It has been proposed by the Mapping Officer that all GPS data over 2 hours in length be made available on CDROM in the future.

We further recommend that the various height datums in use in the Vestfold Hills be combined into the one datum. A least-squares adjustment of all height measurements made in the region would be a reasonably simple process (if all the data can be found!).

It is our understanding that the current differential GPS transmitter (for real time GPS corrections) at Davis is of poor quality and broadcasts broadband noise, interfering with other radio sources. As a result, the communications technicians are loathe to place the transmitter on a large antenna tower, thus significantly limiting the usefulness of real time differential GPS at Davis. If it is envisaged that real-time GPS corrections will be required in the future at Davis (or even the Vestfold Hills), this transmitter will need to be replaced.

It is widely held around station that significant errors exist in the current 1:50000 Vestfold Hills map. We are glad to hear that a new generation map is nearing completion.

Having used the Davis Science digital camera during the season, we recommend that a digital camera be regarded as an essential component of future mapping programs. It may prove beneficial if ANAREMAGIP were to purchase such a camera.

Abstract

The Investment Climate Surveys (ICS) were conducted by the World Bank and its partners across all geographic regions and covered firms of all sizes in many industries. The ICS collected a wide array of qualitative and quantitative information through face-to-face interviews with managers and owners regarding the investment climate in their country and the productivity of their firms. Topics covered in the ICS included the obstacles to doing business, infrastructure, finance, labor, corruption and regulation, contract enforcement, law and order, innovation and technology, and firm productivity. Taken together, the qualitative and quantitative data helped connect a country’s investment climate characteristics with firm productivity and performance.

Firm-level surveys have been administered since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit (FPDEA). Enterprise Surveys, a replacement for Investment Climate Surveys, are now conducted by the Enterprise Analysis Unit.

Serbia Investment Climate Survey was conducted in May 2003. It covered 408 firms in manufacturing, services, retail/whole sales, agriculture, and construction sectors.

After the assassination of Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic in March 2003, the situation in the country deteriorated into a stalemate in Parliament, disintegration of the ruling coalition and collapse of the government. New parliamentary elections took place in December 2003.

The survey was undertaken in the aftermath of the assassination of Prime Minister at a time when the country was experiencing a great deal of uncertainty, so the survey results must be viewed in this light.

Geographic coverage

National

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The current survey instrument is available: - Investment Climate Survey Questionnaire.

The survey has 11 sections: 1) General information about the firm: ownership, activities, and location;
2) Sales and supplies: imports and exports, supply and demand conditions, and competition;
3) Investment climate constraints: evaluation of general obstacles;
4) Infrastructure and services: power, water, transport, computers, and business services; 5) Finance: sources of finance, terms of finance, financial services, auditing, and land ownership;
6) Labor relations: worker skills, status and training, skill availability, over-employment, unionization, and strikes;
7) Business-government relations: quality of public services, consistency of policy and administration, customs processing, regulatory compliance costs (management time, delays, bribes); 8) Conflict resolution/legal environment: confidence in legal system and resolution of credit disputes;
9) Crime: security costs, cost of crimes, and use and performance of police services;
10) Capacity, innovation, and learning: utilization, new products, planning horizon, sources of technology, worker and management education, and experience; 11) Productivity information: employment level, and balance sheet information (including income, main costs and assets).

Abstract

The objective of the survey was to obtain data about the followings: • Olive presses distribution according to operational status, automation level and governorate. • Quantity of pressed olives and extracted oil according to automation level and governorate. • Number of employees and their compensations. • Olive pressing costs including material inputs, electricity, water and fuel. …etc. In addition to fees and taxes. • Olive presses output including olive presses return and other secondary activity. • Gross fixed capital formation of olive presses activity. • Value added of olive presses. • Other olive presses related variables.

Geographic coverage

West Bank and Gaza Strip

Analysis unit

presses constitutes the primary sampling unit

Universe

The survey was a comprehensive census for all studied statistical units (presses)

Kind of data

Complete enumeration [enu]

Sampling procedure

The survey was a comprehensive census for all studied statistical units (presses)

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Olive presses questionnaire was designed in a harmony with other economic series surveys. It includes the main agricultural and economic variables that satisfy the needs of policy planners and decision makers in the agricultural field.

Cleaning operations

After collection of data from the field, questionnaires underwent manual editing and logical revision. A special software was used in data entry and processing. After that certain relations between variables were used in post-data entry editing. There are a specific rules for data editing which connect the different indicators of the questionnaires logically with each others, and so the errors in any questionnaire treated and re-entered to get clean data.

Response rate

The response percent is 100.0%

Sampling error estimates

aZStatistical Errors The survey was implemented on the basis of a comprehensive census of all studied statistical units (olive presses) and therefore this survey is free of statistical (sampling) errors.

Non-Statistical Errors This type of error could appear in one or all stages of the survey that comprise data collection and data entry: ·Non-response errors: there was a very good response from all visited presses and no non-response cases were reported for this season. ·Response errors: these are related to respondents, field workers, and data entry personnel. To ensure data quality, a series of measures were implemented to support the accuracy of data collection and data processing, including: 1.Respondents: Data were collected on the quantities of olives pressed and olive oil extracted on a daily basis. This was to ensure reliable and accurate figures on the important indicators. Field workers visited the olive presses daily to check if data had been reported fully and correctly. 2.Field workers: A series of actions were implemented to support the accuracy of data collection via the following: ·Selection of a specialized field work team trained theoretically and practically on the survey questionnaire for four days. ·The main field work team was selected based on the training course. ·Different levels of supervision and monitoring took place according to the following hierarchy: -Field workers: field workers for this survey were distributed throughout all governorates. -Field work supervisors: supervisors were distributed in the north, middle, and south of the West Bank. -Field work coordinator. 3. Data entry operators: To ensure the quality and consistency of data, a series of measures were implemented, including: -The setting up of a data entry program prior to data collection to check the operation of the program. -A series of validation rules were applied in the program to check the consistency of data. -The efficiency of the program was checked through pre-testing by entering a few questionnaires and including incorrect information to monitor efficiency in capturing erroneous data. -Well-trained data entry personnel were selected and trained for the main data entry phase. -Data files were sent to the project management to be checked for accuracy and consistency. Notes were provided for data entry management for correction purposes.

These data were compiled for Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CPNWR) in southern Arizona, to support managment efforts of water resources and wildlife conservation. Objective(s) of our study were to 1) measure water storage capacity at select stage heights in three tanks (also termed tinajas), 2) build a stage storage model to help CPNWR staff accurately estimate water volumes throughout the year, and 3) collect topographic data adjacent to the tanks as a means to help connect these survey data to past or future work. These data represent high-resolution (sub-meter) ground based lidar measurements used to meet these objectives and are provided as: processed lidar files (point clouds), rasters (digital elevation models), and vectors (shapefiles). These data were collected in Southern Arizona at Buckhorn, Eagle, and Senita tanks in the CPNWR from February 13-18, 2022. These data were collected by U.S. Geological Survey - Southwest Biological Science Center - Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) staff for the CPNWR using a Riegl VZ 1000 ground-based lidar to produces ground elevation models georeferenced using control target coordinates collected by a Trimble real-time kinematic (RTK) rover and base station. These data which represent maximum water storage capacity at Buckhorn, Eagle and Senita tanks following sediment removal by CPNWR staff less than one month prior can be used to support management efforts for water resources at these tanks, and wildlife conservation in the CPNWR. Additionally, these data can be used as baseline conditions for evaluating changes in water storage and water storage capacity.

Abstract

The main objective of this survey is to provide a comprehensive picture about the tree horticulture sector in the Palestinian Territory, and so provide the interested people and policy makers and planner with reliable data that is needed to develop this strategic sector.

The other objectives for this survey are: 1. Define the demographic properties of the tree horticulture holders. 2. Define the demographic properties of the tree horticulture holdings 3. Define the pattern of land use for the tree horticulture holdings. 4. Define the tree horticulture crops. 5. Define the production and productivity of the horticulture trees in the Palestinian Territory. 6. Define a marketing tree horticulture crops. 7. Define of applications in the tree horticulture holdings. 8. Define available indicators related to the tree horticulture holdings employment. 9. Define the damages of the tree horticulture sectors due to the Israeli measures

Geographic coverage

All of the Palestinian Territory

Analysis unit

Agricultural holding

Universe

Agricultural Holding

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample is a one-stage stratified simple random sample. The sample size is 5,024 agricultural holdings in all of the Palestinian Territory, and it is large enough to obtain reliable estimates on a regional level (north, middle, south of the West Bank) in addition to Gaza Strip. The sampling frame consisted of enumerated agricultural holdings in the agricultural holdings enumeration activity which was implemented by PCBS in 2004. The agricultural holdings meet the criteria of the agricultural holding had been separated, according to the definition of type of agricultural holding

Sample Size The sample size is 5,024 agricultural holdings in all of the Palestinian Territory, and it is large enough to obtain reliable estimates on a regional level (North, Middle, South of the West Bank, and Gaza Strip) in addition to crop type.

Sampling deviation

-

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The tree horticulture questionnaire was designed depending on the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), also benefiting from the international experience in field of design the questionnaires, in addition, the pilot was conducted during the period 08/07- 11/07/2006 to check the project documents including the questionnaire, in which the questionnaire was changed and developed to suit the tree horticulture sector in the Palestinian Territory.

The questionnaire for the Tree Horticulture Survey 2006 consists of eleven sections as follows: 1. Section One: identification data of the agricultural holder and holding 2. Section Two: demographic properties of the agricultural holders, concerning sex, age and other related indicators. 3. Section Three: regarding agricultural holding, the type, legal status, main source of irrigation water, main source of extension, and other related indicators. 4. Section Four: regarding land use, the total area of the agricultural holding, the treatment of chemical and organic fertilizers, pesticides and treatment area, and other related indicators 5. Section Five: regarding the tree horticulture crops, the type, area and other related indicators 6. Section Six: regarding the production of tree horticulture crops, rainfed or irrigated, and other related indicators. 7. Section Seven: the number of horticulture trees by age. 8. Section Eight: the costs of production requirements for the trees horticulture. 9. Section Nine: the marketing of tree horticulture crops. 10. Section Ten: the agricultural applications for tree horticulture holdings. 11. Section Eleven: agricultural labor, in terms of sex, status, and other related indicators. 12. Section Twelve: damage to agricultural as aresult of Israeli attacks, in terms of size, number, and other relevant indicators

Cleaning operations

Preparation of Data Entry Programme: At this stage the data entry program was prepared using the ACCESS package. Data entry screens were designed. Also, rules of entry were established in a manner that guarantees successful entry of questionnaires and queries to check data after each entry. These queries examine the variables on the questionnaire level.

• Organization and Management of Data Entry: The Information Systems and Computer Directorate prepared the data entry program; the directorate also supervised the data entry process and applied the required validation rules to edit the data. The directorate was also responsible to select and train the data entry personnel.

• Data Entry Personnel Training: Before the start of the data entry, data entry personnel were trained on the use of the data entry program and then how to enter data into the computerized database.

• Editing of the Entered Data: There are specific rules for data editing which connect the different indicators of the questionnaires logically with each other, so that errors in any questionnaire are treated immediately and data re-entered to get clean data.

Response rate

·Response rate 92.5%

Sampling error estimates

Statistical Errors Data of this survey affected by statistical errors due to use the sample, Therefore, the emergence of certain differences from the real values expect obtained through censuses. It had been calculated variation of the most important indicators exists and the facility with the report. and the dissemination levels of the data were particularized at the regional level in the West Bank (North, Middle, South) and Gaza Strip, due to the sample design and the variance calculations for the different indicators.

Non-Statistical Errors Non-statistical errors are probable in all stages of the project, during data collection or processing. This is referred to as non-response errors, response errors, interviewing errors, and data entry errors. To avoid errors and reduce their effects, great efforts were made to train the fieldworkers intensively. They were trained in how to carry out the interview, what to discuss and what to avoid, carrying out a pilot survey and practical and theoretical training during the training course.

Data appraisal

-

A collection of interviews conducted with figures in national UK political parties, specifically with regards to digital technology and how parties are seeking to connect with citizens. A small number of interviews were also conducted with digital consultants and party activists.

The link between citizens and the state is the crux of democratic politics, yet it is crumbling. Numerous studies have diagnosed a crisis in representative politics with decreased participation and growing levels of distrust bringing the legitimacy of democratic institutions into doubt. For many a solution has been offered by digital technology, leading parties to embrace new digital campaigning software. To explore the capacity of digital innovations to renew democracy this study argues that we need to understand the nature of the 'disconnect' between parties and the people. As such, this study departs from traditional analyses of 'digital democracy' by focusing on public attitudes. Adapting the methodological approach used by Allen and Birch (2015) the project will discern how the public and parties conceive democratic linkage in practice and as an ideal, highlighting contradictions and convergence to diagnose the problem. Correlating these insights to the functions of digital software and theories of democratic linkage (Dalton, Farrell and McAllister, 2011) the capacity of digital innovations to renew party politics is considered. To enable analysis 3 work packages (WP) are conducted. WP1: How do parties perceive democratic linkage, and how have parties used digital management systems since 2010? WP1 will first identify available forms of the type of digital innovation of interest to this project - namely 'digital management software' - and will categorise the functions they perform. Second, it will explore and develop theories of democratic linkage to provide a framework for subsequent analysis. Then, using interviews, internal party data and 3 case studies of constituency parties (1 from Labour, the Conservatives and Scottish National Party) the PI and RA will map perceptions of democratic linkage and usage of digital technology. This data will provide new insight on developments in party politics and will be used to produce case study accounts and articles that trace the form of change and consider the impact of digital technology on party organisation. WP2: How do citizens perceive democratic linkage, and how does parties' use of digital management systems affect public attitudes? WP 2 explores the impact of new technology. Working with YouGov the PI will commission 2 surveys. The first will assess public attitudes towards parties', seeking to discern how the public want parties to engage and how they perceive this to work in practice. Data will be analysed to identify conceptions of democratic linkage (WP1) and then compared with party attitudes to identify synergies and incongruities in public and party conceptions. This analysis offers a diagnosis of the state of current linkage, and will identify areas of 'disconnect' to be further examined in WP3. This WP will also probe public attitudes towards parties' use of digital campaigning techniques. Utilising a split sample survey, designed in collaboration with Dr Chris Jones, the PI will assess whether practices such as social media data mining are compatible with public notions of democratic linkage. This will inform an article, infographics and practitioner briefing papers. WP3: Can digital campaigning methods resolve the disconnect between citizens and the state? In collaboration with the think tank Involve, the PI will use 3 deliberative events to explore parties' and citizens' attitudes towards democratic linkage and test the capacity of different forms of digital technology to reconcile these perceptions. Building on survey data these events will test attitudes; exploring whether sustained reflection affects how public and party desires are conceived (drawing on work by Stoker, Hay and Barr, forthcoming). Events will identify ideal forms of linkage - findings that will be used, returning to WP1, to consider the capacity of different forms of digital technology to promote linkage and hence renew party politics.

The dataset links data from two sources of information: (1) individuals with executive titles in a sample of small to medium- sized enterprises in Alberta were surveyed in 2016 and 2018 about their organization's human resource management practices, and (2) archival organizational-level injury data from Alberta Workers' Compensation Board from 2014 to 2019. Thus, the purpose of this dataset is to connect human resource management practices with injury data at the organizational level in a sample of small- to medium- sized enterprises in Alberta over time. The function of this dataset is to provide greater understanding of potential organizational-level predictors of occupational safety. The variables from the survey were removed prior to posting publicly; contact the researcher for more information.

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the level of domestic violence prosecution throughout the United States and to promote effective prosecution approaches through dissemination of information. The project sought to identify and connect local attorneys' needs for information with the best knowledge available on the most effective prosecution methods. In order to appraise domestic violence prosecution in the United States, the researchers mailed a survey to a nationally-representative sample of prosecutors to assess prosecution strategies in domestic violence cases (Part 1, Prosecutors' Survey Data). Smaller jurisdictions had such a low response rate to the initial survey that a modified follow-up survey (Part 2, Prosecutors' Follow-Up Data) was administered to those jurisdictions. From these surveys, the researchers identified three sites with pioneering specialized domestic violence prosecution programs: Duluth, Minnesota, King County, Washington, and San Francisco, California. In these three sites, the researchers then conducted a case file analysis of a random sample of domestic violence cases (Part 3, Case File Data). A survey of a random sample of female victims was also undertaken in King County and San Francisco (Part 4, Victim Interview Data). In addition, the researchers conducted on-site evaluations of these three specialized programs in which they interviewed staff about the scope of the domestic violence problem, domestic violence support personnel, the impact of the program on the domestic violence problem, and recommendations for the future. The qualitative data collected from these evaluations are provided only in the codebook for this collection. Parts 1 and 2, the Prosecutors' Surveys, contain variables about case management, case screening and charging, pretrial release policies, post-charge diversion, trial, sentencing options, victim support programs, and office and jurisdiction demographics. Questions cover the volume of domestic violence prosecutions, formal protocols for domestic violence prosecution, ways to deal with uncooperative victims, pro-arrest and no-drop policies, protection orders, types of evidence used, and collaboration with other organizations to prosecute domestic violence cases. In addition, Part 1 includes variables on diversion programs, victim noncompliance, substance abuse problems, victim support programs, and plea negotiations. Variables in Part 3, Case File Data, deal with reporting, initial and final charges, injuries sustained, weapons used, evidence available, protection orders issued, victim cooperation, police testimony, disposition, sentence, costs, and restitution for each domestic violence case. Part 4, Victim Interview Data, includes variables concerning victims' employment history, number of children, and substance abuse, opinions about the charges against the defendant, decision-making in the case, and prosecution strategies, and victims' participation in the case, amount of support from and contact with criminal justice agencies, safety concerns, and performance evaluations of various levels of the criminal justice system.

Abstract

The World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) is a firm-level survey of a representative sample of an economy's private sector. The surveys cover a broad range of topics related to the business environment including access to finance, corruption, infrastructure, competition, and performance.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The universe of inference includes all formal (i.e., registered) private sector businesses (with at least 1% private ownership) and with at least five employees. In terms of sectoral criteria, all manufacturing businesses (ISIC Rev 4. codes 10-33) are eligible; for services businesses, those corresponding to the ISIC Rev 4 codes 41-43, 45-47, 49-53, 55-56, 58, 61-62, 69-75, 79, and 95 are included in the Enterprise Surveys. Cooperatives and collectives are excluded from the Enterprise Surveys.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The WBES use stratified random sampling, where the population of establishments is first separated into non-overlapping groups, called strata, and then respondents are selected through simple random sampling from each stratum. The detailed methodology is provided in the Sampling Note (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Sampling_Note-Consolidated-2-16-22.pdf). Stratified random sampling has several advantages over simple random sampling. In particular, it:

• produces unbiased estimates of the whole population or universe of inference, as well as at the levels of stratification
• ensures representativeness by including observations in all of those categories
• produces more precise estimates for a given sample size or budget allocation, and
• may reduce implementation costs by splitting the population into convenient subdivisions.

The WBES typically use three levels of stratification: industry classification, establishment size, and subnational region (used in combination).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The standard WBES questionnaire covers several topics regarding the business environment and business performance. These topics include general firm characteristics, infrastructure, sales and supplies, management practices, competition, innovation, capacity, land and permits, finance, business-government relations, exposure to bribery, labor, and performance. Information about the general structure of the questionnaire is available in the Enterprise Surveys Manual and Guide (https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/methodology/Enterprise-Surveys-Manual-and-Guide.pdf).

The AusAEM survey is the world's largest airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey flown to date, extending across an area exceeding 3.5 million km2 over Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales Victoria and South Australia. Airborne electromagnetics is a geophysical method at the forefront in addressing the challenge of exploration under cover. In collaboration with the state and territory geological surveys, Geoscience Australia has led a national initiative whose goal is to acquire AEM data at a nominal line spacing of 20 km across Australia. The interpreted AEM conductivity sections were inverted using Geoscience Australia's open source Layered Earth Inversion Sample-By-Sample Time Domain Electromagnetics (GALEISBSTDEM) inversion. Horizontal along-flight line resolution is 12.5 m, and the vertical resolution varies exponentially with depth. Inversion cell sizes increase from 4.0 m at the surface to ~55 m in the bottom cell of the conductivity sections, ~500 m below surface. Consequently, the ability to resolve fine detail varies with depth. Using this dataset, we interpret the depth to chronostratigraphic surfaces, assembled stratigraphic relationship information, and delineated structural and electrically conductive features. Our results improved understanding of upper-crustal geology, led to 3D mapping of palaeovalleys, prompted further investigation of electrical conductors and their relationship to structural features and mineralisation, and helped us continuously connect correlative outcropping units separated by up to hundreds of kilometres. Our interpretation is designed to improve targeting and outcomes for mineral, energy and groundwater exploration, and contributes to our understanding of the chronostratigraphic, structural and upper-crustal evolution of northern Australia. Almost 200,000 regional depth measurements have been collected, each attributed with detailed geological information, are an important step towards a national geological framework, and offer a regional context for more detailed, smaller-scale AEM surveys. The AusAEM programme delivers much more than just reliable depth-to-cover estimates and the location of paleochannels. It can reveal basin architecture and regionally map structures, making it a crucial layer of data for mineral, energy and groundwater and exploration. It has become an essential part of data-driven decision making for conservation and environmental management.

This is the Critical Minerals and Materials Matchmaker (CM3) survey form. CM3 is an online information resource created to help connect users across the critical minerals and materials supply chain. The survey is designed to allow organizations to self-identify their critical minerals and materials-aligned activities and interests, and an interactive map that displays those on-going activities in a dynamic way. To include your critical minerals management activity or activities in CM3, please open and fill out the Critical Minerals and Materials Survey. If your organization has many ongoing or planned activities that would be onerous to enter in the form, or if your activities are difficult to geolocate (such as a transport network), please email the team at edxspatial@netl.doe.gov. This initiative is aligned with the approach of DOE’s H2 Matchmaker and Carbon Matchmaker. Read more information on H2 Matchmaker and Carbon Matchmaker. Below are some questions to help understand if you should fill out the CM3 survey: Does your company work with elements such as lithium, cobalt, copper, graphite, nickel, rare earth minerals, or platinum group metals? Does your organization have research and development activities related to critical materials or their supply chains? Does your company currently work in themore » critical minerals or materials supply chain? Do you have prospective work in critical minerals or materials in the next 5 years? Does your company mine, process, refine or distribute critical minerals or materials? Do you want to network with other facilities or organizations working in the same areas? Are you curious about the critical mineral and material activity in your surrounding area? Are you interested in aligning your potential needs across the supply chain to different geographic areas within the U.S? For more information, please see the CM3 website (https://www.energy.gov/fecm/articles/critical-minerals-materials-matchmaker-cm3) or email our team at edxspatial@netl.doe.gov.« less

Abstract: The Woodland Restoration Plot Network Spring Bird Survey Data Package contains bird point count survey data for thirty-six 0.1 hectare sites which were established on retired farmland that includes a mosaic of restored vegetation (native plantings) of varying ages juxtaposed with patches of remnant vegetation and untreated, abandoned pasture. All sites were originally woodland prior to agricultural development about 200 years ago.

The Woodland Restoration Plot Network research plots commenced in 1992 and have been revisited every 3-4 years since 2001. A synopsis of related data packages which have been collected as part of the Woodland Restoration Plot Network’s full program is provided at https://doi.org/10.25911/5c36e5688ff89

Sampling method: The restoration process was initiated with exclusion of livestock and weed control (J. Christie, Greening Australia, pers. comm.). All sites were slashed and sprayed with glyphosate before planting was undertaken. Twenty-six indigenous trees and shrub species, propagated to tubestock from local seed sources, were planted mechanically in rows after the pasture began to break down. The mix of planted species varied across the landscape, the aim being to match species with soils and topographic positions occupied by their wild populations. All plants were weed matted with a recycled paper disc and surrounded by a protective plastic sleeve. Maintenance sprays of glyphosate were applied in spring and autumn for two-three years after planting to reduce competition from weeds in the vicinity of plants. To reduce the risk of fire, mechanical slashing was carried out amongst the plantings and hazard reduction fires were lit in areas surrounding plantings at approximately annual intervals. Since the late 1990s, cattle have been reintroduced into the southern areas of plantings, but fencing has been constructed to exclude livestock from some restoration areas and remnants (D. Williams, Greening Australia, pers. comm.). Cattle continue to be excluded from the northern areas of plantings.

The study landscape therefore comprises a mosaic of patches including untreated pastures, remnant woodlands with various histories of past disturbance and a chronosequence of restoration plantings with dates of origin from 1992 to 2002.

The aims of the study design were to sample management treatments (untreated pasture, the chronosequence of restored vegetation and remnant woodland) across four primary locations (Hoxton Park, Plough and Harrow Property, Western Sydney Regional Park and Prospect Reservoir). A fully randomised orthogonal sampling design was not possible because all management treatments were not represented at each of the four primary locations. Sample sites representing different management treatments were therefore situated haphazardly within patches, to sample areas with similar topography (upper and mid slopes) to minimise environmental variation that may potentially confound management effects. The first set of vegetation surveys were carried out in 2001 (25 sites), with repeat surveys of new haphazardly selected sites to sample the same patch types in 2004 (54 sites), 2009 (24 sites) and 2012 (36 sites). The total number of sites varied between surveys depending on available resources, but the proportional stratification among patch types and ages remained the same. Invertebrates were sampled in late 2002 and 2009. Soils were sampled in 2010 by collaborators at UWS. A survey of avifauna commenced in 2013.

Study extent: The study site is located on retired farmland that includes a mosaic of restored vegetation (native plantings) of varying ages juxtaposed with patches of remnant vegetation and untreated, abandoned pasture. During their period of pastoral management (prior to 1990), the sites have been grazed by cattle, fertilised and planted with exotic pasture grasses, particularly Phalaris species. All sites were originally woodland prior to agricultural development about 200 years ago. Restoration projects commenced in the area in 1992 with a stated goal of ‘re-establishment of native vegetation’ (Perkins 1997). The restoration plantings were carried out in a pattern designed to connect remnant patches of woodland, which were also the primary sources of seed for tubestock. To evaluate success against the defined goal, we therefore identified the remnants as suitable reference sites to which the restored sites were expected to increase their resemblance in composition and structure over time. Disturbance resulting from past agricultural practices in the area have impacted upon remnant patches to varying degrees, but these were the best available examples of native woodland in the region. Untreated pasture is defined as a control, from which restored sites are expected to become increasingly dissimilar in species composition and vegetation structure with time.

Project funding: Between 2012 and 2018 this project was part of, and funded through the Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTERN) a facility within the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) and supported by the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy.

This dataset represents the consolidated submissions of GRSG habitat management areas from each individual BLM ARMP & ARMPA/Records of Decision (ROD) and for subsequent updates. These data were submitted to the BLM’s Wildlife Habitat Spatial Analysis Lab in March 2016 and were updated for UT in April of 2017 and WY in October of 2017. All of the data used to create this file was submitted by the EIS.

October 2017 Update: WY - On October 27, 2017 the WY state director signed maintenance actions for the Wyoming Sage-Grouse ARMPA, Buffalo RMP, Cody RMP, and Worland RMP that changed WY PHMA boundaries, bringing them into consistency with the Wyoming Core Areas (version 4) from the current Governor's executive order 2015-4. The updated PHMA boundaries were also adopted by the Lander RMP.

April 2017 Update: UT - The interagency team reconvened in late 2016 to review State of Utah GRSG populations and the BLM’s 2015 and 2016 wildfire data. Of the ten soft triggers and seven hard triggers evaluated, only one population soft trigger and one population hard trigger have been met, both within the Sheeprocks population area of Fillmore and Salt Lake Field Offices. Appendix I of the ARMPA includes “hard-wired” changes in management that were finalized in the 2015 Record of Decision, listed in Appendix I Table I.1 (Specific Management Responses). The PHMA in the Sheeprocks population has changed as a result of this, and the change is reflected in this data.

The following habitat management areas were used in the creation of this feature class.

PHMA: Areas identified as having the highest habitat value for maintaining sustainable GRSG populations and include breeding, late brood-rearing, and winter concentration areas.

GHMA: Areas that are occupied seasonally or year-round and are outside of PHMAs.

IHMA: Areas in Idaho that provide a management buffer for and that connect patches of PHMAs. IHMAs encompass areas of generally moderate to high habitat value habitat or populations but that are not as important as PHMAs.

OHMA: Areas in Nevada and Northeastern California, identified as unmapped habitat in the Proposed RMP/Final EIS, that are within the Planning Area and contain seasonal or connectivity habitat areas.

RHMA: Areas with ongoing or imminent impacts containing substantial and high-quality GRSG habitat that historically supported sustainable GRSG populations. Management actions would emphasize restoration for the purpose of establishing or restoring sustainable GRSG populations. Areas are delineated using key, core, and connectivity data or maps and other resource information.

LCHMA: Areas that have been identified as broader regions of connectivity important to facilitate the movement of GRSG and maintain ecological processes.

Anthro Mountain: An additional 41,200 acres of National Forest System lands in the Anthro Mountain portion of the Carbon Population Area that are managed as neither PHMA nor GHMA. These areas are identified as “Anthro Mountain.” In the BLM’s ARMPA, these areas are considered split-estate, where the BLM merely administers the mineral estate.

Adaptive Management Updates:UT:Updated April 2017. The interagency team reconvened in late 2016 to review State of Utah GRSG populations and the BLM’s 2015 and 2016 wildfire data. Of the ten soft triggers and seven hard triggers evaluated, only one population soft trigger and one population hard trigger have been met, both within the Sheeprocks population area of Fillmore and Salt Lake Field Offices. Appendix I of the ARMPA includes “hard-wired” changes in management that were finalized in the 2015 Record of Decision, listed in Appendix I Table I.1 (Specific Management Responses). The PHMA in the sheeprocks population has changed as a result of this, and the change is reflected in this data.

These data are provided by Bureau of Land Management (BLM) “as is” and might contain errors or omissions. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data and bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User’s intended use.

The information contained in these data is dynamic and may change over time. The data are not better than the sources from which they were derived, and both scale and accuracy may vary across the data set. These data might not have the accuracy, resolution, completeness, timeliness, or other characteristics appropriate for applications that potential users of the data may contemplate. The User is encouraged to carefully consider the content of the metadata file associated with these data. These data are neither legal documents nor land surveys, and must not be used as such. Official records may be referenced at most BLM offices. Please report any errors in the data to the BLM office from which it was obtained.

The BLM should be cited as the data source in any products derived from these data. Any Users wishing to modify the data should describe the types of modifications they have performed. The User should not misrepresent the data, nor imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by BLM. This data may be updated by the BLM without notification.

Karst environments present many challenges to agencies and engineers attempting to work in these landscapes, particularly towards building infrastructure. The interconnectivity of karst hydrologic systems means that activities occurring on the surface of a karst landscape can have an impact on water quality and quantity. Additionally, soil thickness in karst landscape is often highly variable due to the presence of solutionally-enlarged fractures, joints, and openings at the soil-bedrock interface. Therefore, when planning infrastructure in karst terrains it is critical to do a thorough assessment to ensure that planned activities will not negatively impact the sensitive environment. In October 2020 Electric Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys were conducted at two National Park Service (NPS) campgrounds on the Buffalo National River: Kyles Landing and Ozark campgrounds. The surveys were done in order to map the thickness of soil over the bedrock surface to aid NPS management in making future decisions regarding the wastewater treatment systems for both campgrounds. This data release includes three types of data: (1) raw direct current (DC) resistivity data, (2) inverted resistivity data, and (3) geospatial data collected via global positioning system (GPS) of the electrode locations and other relevant geospatial data. A data dictionary is included along with the data and defines all of the table headings, definitions, and units. Additional information related to the collection of the data present are included in the process steps within the metadata. An Iris Syscal Pro Switch 96 resistivity meter (http://www.iris-instruments.com/syscal-prosw.html) was used to conduct the DC resistivity survey along with a series of cables to connect a total of 96 electrodes. Resistivity arrays were designed using the Electre 2.03 software by Iris Instruments (http://www.iris-instruments.com/download.html#processing). Electrodes were connected to steel pins driven into the soil at set spacings. In most cases 2D resistivity arrays were used for data collection, however; at Ozark campground one 3D resistivity array was collected as a proof of concept. The geographic _location and elevation for each electrode was also surveyed using a differential GPS. A Hemisphere SmartLink Antenna with Atlas H10 differential correction was used to georeference each stainless-steel pin _location as well as other relevant features including river levels, benchmarks, and features related to nearby infrastructure. In all cases, once the GPS had acquired satellite connectivity the device was left to acquire position until horizontal (2D) position was less than 10 centimeters (cm), and vertical (3D) position was less than 15 cm. These locations were then used in the inversion process required to interpret the geophysical data.

By 2025, forecasts suggest that there will be more than 75 billion Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices in use. This would be a nearly threefold increase from the IoT installed base in 2019.

What is the Internet of Things?

The IoT refers to a network of devices that are connected to the internet and can “communicate” with each other. Such devices include daily tech gadgets such as the smartphones and the wearables, smart home devices such as smart meters, as well as industrial devices like smart machines. These smart connected devices are able to gather, share, and analyze information and create actions accordingly. By 2023, global spending on IoT will reach 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars.

How does Internet of Things work?

IoT devices make use of sensors and processors to collect and analyze data acquired from their environments. The data collected from the sensors will be shared by being sent to a gateway or to other IoT devices. It will then be either sent to and analyzed in the cloud or analyzed locally. By 2025, the data volume created by IoT connections is projected to reach a massive total of 79.4 zettabytes.

Privacy and security concerns 

Given the amount of data generated by IoT devices, it is no wonder that data privacy and security are among the major concerns with regard to IoT adoption. Once devices are connected to the Internet, they become vulnerable to possible security breaches in the form of hacking, phishing, etc. Frequent data leaks from social media raise earnest concerns about information security standards in today’s world; were the IoT to become the next new reality, serious efforts to create strict security stands need to be prioritized.