The benchmark interest rate in the United Kingdom was last recorded at 4 percent. This dataset provides - United Kingdom Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Mortgage rates surged at an unprecedented pace in 2022, with the average 10-year fixed rate doubling between March and December of that year. In response to mounting inflation, the Bank of England implemented a series of rate hikes, pushing borrowing costs steadily higher. By August 2025, the average 10-year fixed mortgage rate had climbed to 4.49 percent. As financing becomes more expensive, housing demand has cooled, weighing on market sentiment and slowing house price growth. How have the mortgage hikes affected the market? After surging in 2021, the number of residential properties sold fell significantly in 2023, dipping to just above *** million transactions. This contraction in activity also dampened mortgage lending. Between the first quarter of 2023 and the first quarter of 2024, the value of new mortgage loans declined year-on-year for five consecutive quarters. Even as rates eased modestly in 2024 and housing activity picked up slightly, volumes remained well below the highs recorded in 2021. How are higher mortgages impacting homebuyers? For homeowners, the impact is being felt most acutely as fixed-rate deals expire. Mortgage terms in the UK typically range from two to ten years, and many borrowers who locked in historically low rates are now facing significantly higher repayments when refinancing. By the end of 2026, an estimated five million homeowners will see their mortgage deals expire. Roughly two million of these loans are projected to experience a monthly payment increase of up to *** British pounds by 2026, putting additional pressure on household budgets and constraining affordability across the market.

Mortgage Approvals in the United Kingdom decreased to 64.68 Thousand in August from 65.16 Thousand in July of 2025. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Mortgage Approvals - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

This dataset provides values for INTEREST RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

These National Statistics provide monthly estimates of the number of residential and non-residential property transactions in the UK and its constituent countries. National Statistics are accredited official statistics.

England and Northern Ireland statistics are based on information submitted to the HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) database by taxpayers on SDLT returns.

Land and Buildings Transaction Tax (LBTT) replaced SDLT in Scotland from 1 April 2015 and this data is provided to HMRC by https://www.revenue.scot/">Revenue Scotland to continue the time series.

Land Transaction Tax (LTT) replaced SDLT in Wales from 1 April 2018. To continue the time series, the https://gov.wales/welsh-revenue-authority">Welsh Revenue Authority (WRA) have provided HMRC with a monthly data feed of LTT transactions since July 2021.

LTT figures for the latest month are estimated using a grossing factor based on data for the most recent and complete financial year. Until June 2021, LTT transactions for the latest month were estimated by HMRC based upon year on year growth in line with other UK nations.

LTT transactions up to the penultimate month are aligned with LTT statistics.

Go to Stamp Duty Land Tax guidance for the latest rates and information.

Go to Stamp Duty Land Tax rates from 1 December 2003 to 22 September 2022 and Stamp Duty: rates on land transfers before December 2003 for historic rates.

The latest release was published 09:30 30 September 2025 and was updated with provisional data from completed transactions during August 2025.

The next release will be published 09:30 31 October 2025 and will be updated with provisional data from completed transactions during September 2025.

https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20240320184933/https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/monthly-property-transactions-completed-in-the-uk-with-value-40000-or-above">Archive versions of the Monthly property transactions completed in the UK with value of £40,000 or above are available via the UK Government Web Archive, from the National Archives.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Family Resources Survey (FRS) has been running continuously since 1992 to meet the information needs of the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). It is almost wholly funded by DWP. The FRS collects information from a large, and representative sample of private households in the United Kingdom (prior to 2002, it covered Great Britain only). The interview year runs from April to March.The focus of the survey is on income, and how much comes from the many possible sources (such as employee earnings, self-employed earnings or profits from businesses, and dividends; individual pensions; state benefits, including Universal Credit and the State Pension; and other sources such as savings and investments). Specific items of expenditure, such as rent or mortgage, Council Tax and water bills, are also covered.Many other topics are covered and the dataset has a very wide range of personal characteristics, at the adult or child, family and then household levels. These include education, caring, childcare and disability. The dataset also captures material deprivation, household food security and (new for 2021/22) household food bank usage. The FRS is a national statistic whose results are published on the gov.uk website. It is also possible to create your own tables from FRS data, using DWP’s Stat Xplore tool. Further information can be found on the gov.uk Family Resources Survey webpage. Safe Room Access FRS data In addition to the standard End User Licence (EUL) version, Safe Room access datasets, containing unrounded data and additional variables, are also available for FRS from 2005/06 onwards - see SN 7196, where the extra contents are listed. The Safe Room version also includes secure access versions of the Households Below Average Income (HBAI) and Pensioners' Incomes (PI) datasets. The Safe Room access data are currently only available to UK HE/FE applicants and for access at the UK Data Archive's Safe Room at the University of Essex, Colchester. Prospective users of the Safe Room access version of the FRS/HBAI/PI will need to fulfil additional requirements beyond those associated with the EUL datasets. Full details of the application requirements are available from Guidance on applying for the Family Resources Survey: Secure Access.FRS, HBAI and PIThe FRS underpins the related Households Below Average Income (HBAI) dataset, which focuses on poverty in the UK, and the related Pensioners' Incomes (PI) dataset. The EUL versions of HBAI and PI are held under SNs 5828 and 8503 respectively. The secure access versions are held within the Safe Room FRS study under SN 7196 (see above). The FRS aims to: support the monitoring of the social security programme; support the costing and modelling of changes to national insurance contributions and social security benefits; provide better information for the forecasting of benefit expenditure. From April 2002, the FRS was extended to include Northern Ireland. Detailed information regarding anonymisation within the FRS can be found in User Guide 2 of the dataset documentation. Edition History: For the second edition (July 2009), correction was made to variables TOTCAPBU and TOTCAPB2. Edits made to the PENPROV table were reviewed and new edits, based on revised criteria, applied to the dataset (see Penprov note for details). For the third edition (October 2014) the data have been re-grossed following revision of the FRS grossing methodology to take account of the 2011 Census mid-year population estimates. New variable GROSS4 has been added to the dataset. Main Topics: Household characteristics (composition, tenure type); tenure and housing costs including Council Tax, mortgages, insurance, water and sewage rates; welfare/school milk and meals; educational grants and loans; children in education; informal care (given and received); childcare; occupation and employment; health restrictions on work; travel to work; children's health; wage details; self-employed earnings; personal and occupational pension schemes; income and benefit receipt; income from pensions and trusts, royalties and allowances, maintenance and other sources; income tax payments and refunds; National Insurance contributions; earnings from odd jobs; children's earnings; interest and dividends; investments; National Savings products; assets. Standard Measures Standard Occupational Classification Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing 2006 2007 ABSENTEEISM ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS AGE APARTMENTS APPLICATION FOR EMP... APPOINTMENT TO JOB ATTITUDES BANK ACCOUNTS BEDROOMS BONDS BUILDING SOCIETY AC... BUSES BUSINESS RECORDS CARE OF DEPENDANTS CARE OF THE DISABLED CARE OF THE ELDERLY CARS CHARITABLE ORGANIZA... CHILD BENEFITS CHILD CARE CHILD DAY CARE CHILD MINDERS CHILD MINDING CHILD SUPPORT PAYMENTS CHILD WORKERS CHILDREN CHRONIC ILLNESS CIVIL PARTNERSHIPS COHABITATION COLOUR TELEVISION R... COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS COMMUTING CONCESSIONARY TELEV... CONSUMPTION COUNCIL TAX CREDIT UNIONS Consumption and con... DAY NURSERIES DEBILITATIVE ILLNESS DEBTS DISABILITIES DISABILITY DISCRIMI... DISABLED CHILDREN DISABLED PERSONS DOMESTIC RESPONSIBI... ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC VALUE EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND EDUCATIONAL FEES EDUCATIONAL GRANTS EDUCATIONAL INSTITU... EDUCATIONAL VOUCHERS ELDERLY EMPLOYEES EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES ENDOWMENT ASSURANCE ETHNIC GROUPS EXPENDITURE EXTRACURRICULAR ACT... FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOOD FREE SCHOOL MEALS FRIENDS FRINGE BENEFITS FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT FURNISHED ACCOMMODA... FURTHER EDUCATION Family life and mar... GENDER GIFTS GRANDPARENTS GRANTS HEADS OF HOUSEHOLD HEALTH HEALTH SERVICES HEARING IMPAIRED PE... HEARING IMPAIRMENTS HIGHER EDUCATION HOLIDAY LEAVE HOME BASED WORK HOME OWNERSHIP HOME SHARING HOURS OF WORK HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HOUSEHOLD HEAD S OC... HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING HOUSING FACILITIES HOUSING FINANCE HOUSING TENURE INCOME INCOME TAX INDUSTRIES INSURANCE INSURANCE PREMIUMS INTEREST FINANCE INVESTMENT INVESTMENT RETURN Income JOB DESCRIPTION JOB HUNTING JOB SEEKER S ALLOWANCE LANDLORDS LEAVE LOANS LODGERS MANAGERS MARITAL STATUS MARRIED WOMEN MARRIED WOMEN WORKERS MATERNITY LEAVE MATERNITY PAY MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS MORTGAGE PROTECTION... MORTGAGES MOTORCYCLES NEIGHBOURS Northern Ireland OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL QUALIF... OCCUPATIONS ONE PARENT FAMILIES ONLINE BANKING OVERTIME PARENTS PART TIME COURSES PART TIME EMPLOYMENT PARTNERSHIPS BUSINESS PASSENGERS PATERNITY LEAVE PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PENSIONS PHYSICALLY DISABLED... PHYSICIANS POVERTY PRIVATE EDUCATION PRIVATE PERSONAL PE... PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFITS QUALIFICATIONS RATES REBATES REDUNDANCY REDUNDANCY PAY REMOTE BANKING RENTED ACCOMMODATION RENTS RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY RETIREMENT ROOM SHARING ROOMS ROYALTIES SAVINGS SAVINGS ACCOUNTS AN... SCHOLARSHIPS SCHOOL MILK PROVISION SCHOOLCHILDREN SCHOOLS SEASONAL EMPLOYMENT SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLS SELF EMPLOYED SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND... SHARES SHIFT WORK SICK LEAVE SICK PAY SICK PERSONS SOCIAL CLASS SOCIAL HOUSING SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SECURITY BEN... SOCIAL SECURITY CON... SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL SUPPORT SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS SPECIAL EDUCATION SPECTACLES SPOUSES STATE EDUCATION STATE HEALTH SERVICES STATE RETIREMENT PE... STUDENT HOUSING STUDENT LOANS STUDENTS STUDY SUBSIDIARY EMPLOYMENT SUPERVISORS SUPERVISORY STATUS Social stratificati... TAXATION TELEPHONES TELEVISION LICENCES TELEVISION RECEIVERS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT TENANCY AGREEMENTS TENANTS HOME PURCHA... TERMINATION OF SERVICE TIED HOUSING TIME TOP MANAGEMENT TRAINING TRANSPORT FARES TRAVEL CONCESSIONS TRAVEL PASSES UNEARNED INCOME UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNFURNISHED ACCOMMO... UNWAGED WORKERS VISION IMPAIRMENTS VISUALLY IMPAIRED P... VOCATIONAL EDUCATIO... VOLUNTARY WORK WAGES WATER RATES WIDOWED WORKING MOTHERS WORKING WOMEN property and invest...

This statistical release presents the figures related to the export of objects of cultural interest, which will be included in the report on the operation of the control of such objects which the Secretary of State is required to present to Parliament under Section 10 (1)(a) of the Export Control Act 2002 (the ‘Act’). Source agency: Culture, Media and Sport Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: Export of Objects of Cultural Interest

This dataset encompasses the foundations and findings of a study titled "Housing Wealth Distribution, Inequality, and Residential Satisfaction," highlighting the evolution of residential properties from mere consumption goods to significant assets for wealth accumulation. Since the 1980s, with financial market deregulation in the UK, there has been a noticeable shift in homeownership patterns and housing wealth's role. The liberalisation of the banking sector, particularly mortgage lending, facilitated a significant rise in homeownership rates from around 50% in the 1970s to over 70% in the early 2000s, stabilizing at 65% in recent years. Concurrently, housing wealth relative to household annual gross disposable income has seen a considerable increase, underscoring the growing importance of residential properties as investment goods. The study explores the multifaceted impact of housing wealth on various aspects of life, including retirement financing, intergenerational wealth transfer, health, consumption, energy conservation, and education. Residential satisfaction, defined as the overall experience and contentment with housing, emerges as a critical factor influencing subjective well-being and labor mobility. Despite the evident influence of housing characteristics, social environment, and demographic factors on residential satisfaction, the relationship between housing wealth and satisfaction remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, the research meticulously assembles data from different surveys across the UK and the USA spanning 1970 to 2019, despite challenges such as data compatibility and measurement errors. Initial findings reveal no straightforward correlation between rising house prices and residential satisfaction, mirroring the Easterlin Paradox, which suggests that happiness levels do not necessarily increase with income growth. This paradox is dissected through the lenses of social comparison and adaptation, theorizing that relative income and the human tendency to adapt to changes might explain the stagnant satisfaction levels despite increased housing wealth. Further analysis within the UK context supports the social comparison hypothesis, suggesting that disparities in housing wealth distribution can lead to varied satisfaction levels, potentially exacerbating societal inequality. This phenomenon is not isolated to developed nations but is also pertinent to developing countries experiencing rapid economic growth alongside widening income and wealth gaps. The study concludes by emphasizing the significance of considering housing wealth inequality in policy-making, aiming to mitigate its far-reaching implications on societal well-being.Although China has almost eliminated urban poverty, the total number of Chinese citizens in poverty remains at 82 million, most of which are rural residents. The development of rural finance is essential to preventing the country from undergoing further polarization because of the significant potential of such development to facilitate resource interflows between rural and urban markets and to support sustainable development in the agricultural sector. However, rural finance is the weakest point in China's financial systems. Rural households are more constrained than their urban counterparts in terms of financial product availability, consumer protection, and asset accumulation. The development of the rural financial system faces resistance from both the demand and the supply sides. The proposed project addresses this challenge by investigating the applications of a proven behavioural approach, namely, Libertarian Paternalism, in the development of rural financial systems in China. This approach promotes choice architectures to nudge people into optimal decisions without interfering with the freedom of choice. It has been rigorously tested and warmly received in the UK public policy domain. This approach also fits the political and cultural background in China, in which the central government needs to maintain a firm control over financial systems as the general public increasingly demands more freedom. Existing behavioural studies have been heavily reliant on laboratory experiments. Although the use of field studies has been increasing, empirical evidence from the developing world is limited. Meanwhile, the applications of behavioural insights in rural economic development in China remains an uncharted territory. Rural finance studies on the household level are limited; evidence on the role of psychological and social factors in rural households' financial decisions is scarce. The proposed project will bridge this gap in the literature. The overarching research question of this project is whether and how behavioural insights can be used to help rural residents in China make sound financial decisions, which will ultimately contribute to the sustainable economic development in China. The research will be conducted through field experiments in rural China. By relying on field evidences, the project team will develop policy tools and checklists for policy makers to help rural households make sound financial decisions. Two types of tools will be developed for policy makers, namely, "push" tools that aim to achieve short-term policy compliance among rural households so that they can break out of the persistent poverty cycle and "pull" tools that can reduce fraud, error, and debt among rural households to prevent them from falling back into poverty. Finally, the project team will also use the research activities and findings as vehicles to engage and educate rural residents, local governments, regulators, and financial institutions. Standard and good practice will be proposed to interested parties for the designs of good behavioural interventions; ethical guidelines will be provided to encourage good practice. This important step ensures that the findings of this project will benefit academia and practice, with long-lasting, positive impacts. The findings will benefit researchers in behavioural finance and economics, rural economics, development economics, political sciences, and psychology. The findings of and the engagement in this project will help policy makers to develop cost-effective behavioural change policies. Rural households will benefit by being nudged into sound financial decisions and healthy financial habits. The project will provide insights on how to leverage behavioural insights to overcome persistent poverty in the developing world. Therefore, the research will be of interest to communities in China and internationally. The data were retrived from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) between 1997 and 2008, when both residential satisfaction scores and home valuations are available.

For further information about areas of archaeological importance (AAI) see the City of York Council website. *Please note that the data published within this dataset is a live API link to CYC's GIS server. Any changes made to the master copy of the data will be immediately reflected in the resources of this dataset. The date shown in the "Last Updated" field of each GIS resource reflects when the data was first published.

Due to high levels of public interest in the processing of Higher Education Student Support applications by Student Finance England, the Student Loan Company, in conjunction with BIS analysts, released early provisional figures to show the levels of processing and payment of Student Support in England for the 2009/10 academic year. Following continued interest after the publication of the annual Student Support Statistical First Release on Wednesday 25 November 2009, the series of additional releases is being resumed. Source agency: Business, Innovation and Skills Designation: Official Statistics not designated as National Statistics Language: English Alternative title: Student loans Data and Resources Position at 31st January 2010 Position at 31st January 2010

Sites Nature Conservation Interest (SNCI). Designations used by local authorities in England for sites of substantive local nature conservation and geological value. Upon accessing this Licensed Data you will be deemed to have accepted the terms of the Public Sector End User Licence - INSPIRE

Points of Interest® is the most comprehensive, location-based directory of all public and privately-owned businesses, education and leisure services in Britain. Points of Interest contains over four million records, sourced and quality-checked from more than 100 leading listing suppliers. It's updated four times a year, so you'll always be working with current information.

Potential Sites Nature Conservation Interest (pSNCI). Designations used by local authorities in England for sites of substantive local nature conservation and geological value. Upon accessing this Licensed Data you will be deemed to have accepted the terms of the Public Sector End User Licence - INSPIRE

Sites Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). A conservation designation protecting land and habitat in the UK. Upon accessing this Licensed Data you will be deemed to have accepted the terms of the Public Sector End User Licence - INSPIRE

The yield on United Kingdom 10Y Bond Yield eased to 4.73% on October 7, 2025, marking a 0.02 percentage points decrease from the previous session. Over the past month, the yield has edged up by 0.12 points and is 0.54 points higher than a year ago, according to over-the-counter interbank yield quotes for this government bond maturity. UK 10 Year Gilt Bond Yield - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on October of 2025.

In response to a report by the Public Administration Select Committee on Lobbying, the Government committed to publishing information about hospitality received by Ministers in a ministerial capacity valued at over £140, and ministerial meetings with outside interest groups. This information will be published on a quarterly basis, with effect from 1 October 2009.

Conservation Areas are areas of architectural or historic interest. They were first introduced in England in 1967 in recognition of the fact that the quality of historic areas depends not only on the quality of individual buildings but also on the historic layout of properties, the use of characteristic building materials, public spaces, trees, views between buildings and along streets. There are 42 designated Conservation Areas in the National Park. Reviews of Conservation Areas are carried out periodically. If significant change has occurred or if additional areas of special interest are identified, then changes to the boundaries of Conservation Areas may be proposed and consulted on. Conservation Areas are recorded as a polygon. Some Conservation Areas are only partly in the National Park, the District Council should be contacted for the areas of these CA not in the National Park.

A Conservation Area is an area of special architectural or historic interest with a character or appearance that is desirable to preserve or enhance. There are no standard specifications for Conservation Areas; they may include the historic parts of a town or village, have an important industrial past or, for example, cover an historic park. Invariably such areas will have a concentration of historic buildings, many of which may be listed. However, it will be the quality and interest of the area which will be significant. This may include spaces around buildings, views and vistas, historic street patterns, gardens (public and private), trees and field systems. Conservation areas give broader protection than listing individual buildings: all the features, listed or otherwise, within the area, are recognised as part of its character. The first conservation areas were created in 1967, and there are now over 8000 conservation areas in England. There are 145 in Cornwall. Conservation areas were introduced through the Civic Amenities Act 1967. The primary legislation is the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The key reference to government policy on all development affecting conservation areas is Planning Policy Guidance Note (PPG) 15 'Planning and the historic environment' (1994). The definition of a conservation area remains as 'areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance' (Section 69(1)(a) of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. Local authorities have the power to designate as conservation areas in any area of 'special architectural or historic interest' whose character or appearance is worth protecting or enhancing. This 'specialness' is judged against local and regional criteria, rather than national importance as is the case with listing. English Heritage can designate conservation areas in London, where we have to consult the relevant London Borough Council and obtain the consent of the Secretary of State for National Heritage. The Secretary of State can also designate in exceptional circumstances - usually where the area is of more than local interest. Within a conservation area the local authority has extra controls over: demolition minor developments

Falmouth bay and the Fal estuary are situated on the south coast of Cornwall at the western entrance to the English channel. The estuary and its various branches extend 17 Km from the open coast to the head of the Tresillian river with the major port, Falmouth, situated close to the mouth on the west side. The estuary is considered to be rich in biota because of its biogeographical position. 2. Previous biological studies have been largely concerned with the oyster industry, heavy metal contamination or specific areas of high biological interest such as the St Mawes maerl bed. The present work includes a review of previous studies in addition to a wide ranging intertidal and subtidal survey through out the estuary. 3. Intertidal work was carried out between Thursday 2nd May and Thursday 9th May, 1985. Various types of shore with rocky, muddy or mixed substrata were surveyed. The subtidal work was carried out between Fiday 29th June and Friday 12th July, 1985, mainly using diving techniques, plus some trawling and dredging which was carried out on the 10th July. During the two surveys, 24 intertidal and 57 subtidal sites were surveyed and photographs were obtained from almost all sites during the periods of fieldwork. Aerial photographs were taken during a flight on Saturday 4th May, 1985. 4. The predominant features of the Fal estuary are the very slow tidal currents in all but a few areas, the consequent degree of sediment deposition which is taking place, the scarcity of subtidal rock habitats and the large extent of the shallow subtidal banks. 5. During the surveys 9 different intertidal and 14 subtidal habitats were distinguished. Several communities are characterised by a range of silt tolerant species which occur commonly through out the estuary. The richness of algal and animal populations is reduced due to lack of hard substrata and it is clear that many species present offshore are unable to penetrate far northwards into the estuary. Some habitats are very rich in species although these areas represent only a small proportion of the total area surveyed and are found almost entireley in the vicinity of St Mawes and the Percuil River. There are also rich intertidal communities in gullies between Trefusis Point and Penarrow point. Many of the other expensive habitats such as the various shallow banks in Carrick roads are species poor. 6. The maerl bed on St Mawes bank is an unusual habitat being the furthest south in the british isles. In view of its importance many sites there were surveyed during the 1985 survey. The majority of species found are fairly typical of maerl beds but some were lower in abundance than expected. The presence of mud and silt combined with the relatively slow tidal currents is probably detrimental to many organisms. 7. An assesment of scientific interest and nature conservation importance has been undertaken through a general evaluation and by ranking the conservation importance of the habitats and communities encountered and also of species considered to be of conservation interest. Although the whole region of the Fal estuary must be considered of scientific interest because of its physiographical features, our surveys have revealed fairly impoverished communities over much of the area. However the outer part of the estuary has many features which make it of high scientific interest. 8. The maerl bed and adjacent areas to the south were designated as the Roseland Voluntary Marine Reserve in 1982 and these areas are confirmed as being of high scientific interest. There are many significant threats to the future security of the reserve including damage by anchors, bait digging, collection of shellfish, pollution by organotin compounds and also the construction of a modern container complex south of Falmouth Docks. The latter is likely to have some adverse effects on communities within the reserve. Records currently considered sensitive have been removed from this dataset.