This dataset contains counts of live births for California counties based on information entered on birth certificates. Final counts are derived from static data and include out of state births to California residents, whereas provisional counts are derived from incomplete and dynamic data. Provisional counts are based on the records available when the data was retrieved and may not represent all births that occurred during the time period.

The final data tables include both births that occurred in California regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence) and births to California residents (by residence), whereas the provisional data table only includes births that occurred in California regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence). The data are reported as totals, as well as stratified by parent giving birth's age, parent giving birth's race-ethnicity, and birth place type. See temporal coverage for more information on which strata are available for which years.

Number and percentage of live births, by month of birth, 1991 to most recent year.

This dataset contains counts of live births for California as a whole based on information entered on birth certificates. Final counts are derived from static data and include out of state births to California residents, whereas provisional counts are derived from incomplete and dynamic data. Provisional counts are based on the records available when the data was retrieved and may not represent all births that occurred during the time period.

The final data tables include both births that occurred in California regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence) and births to California residents (by residence), whereas the provisional data table only includes births that occurred in California regardless of the place of residence (by occurrence). The data are reported as totals, as well as stratified by parent giving birth's age, parent giving birth's race-ethnicity, and birth place type. See temporal coverage for more information on which strata are available for which years.

Dataset from Singapore Department of Statistics. For more information, visit https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_6150f21b0892b3fdde546d2a1af2af82/view

This is a publication on maternity activity in English NHS hospitals. This report examines data relating to delivery and birth episodes in 2018-19, and the booking appointments for these deliveries. This annual publication covers the financial year ending March 2019. Data is included from both the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data warehouse and the Maternity Services Data Set (MSDS). HES contains records of all admissions, appointments and attendances for patients admitted to NHS hospitals in England. The HES data used in this publication are called 'delivery episodes'. The MSDS collects records of each stage of the maternity service care pathway in NHS-funded maternity services, and includes information not recorded in HES. The MSDS is a maturing, national-level dataset. The number of deliveries recorded in the MSDS is 91 per cent of the number of deliveries recorded in HES, so the partial coverage of the MSDS both geographically and over time means that figures from the MSDS should not be interpreted as England level figures for 2018-19. This publication shows the number of HES delivery episodes during the period, with a number of breakdowns including by method of onset of labour, delivery method and place of delivery. It also shows the number of MSDS deliveries recorded during the period, with breakdowns including the baby's first feed type and the smoking status of women in early pregnancy. For the first time, this publication contains information about the mother’s weekly alcohol intake at booking appointment and folic acid use from the MSDS. The purpose of this publication is to inform and support strategic and policy-led processes for the benefit of patient care. This document will also be of interest to researchers, journalists and members of the public interested in NHS hospital activity in England. A slight correction has been made to the rates table in tab TC1819 of the HES Provider Analysis file which now derives the correct totals excluding the unknowns. These are the denominators for the respective rates in the table so all the rates have been updated.

This is a publication on maternity activity in English NHS hospitals. This report examines data relating to delivery and birth episodes in 2023-24, and the booking appointments for these deliveries. This annual publication covers the financial year ending March 2024. Data is included from both the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) data warehouse and the Maternity Services Data Set (MSDS). HES contains records of all admissions, appointments and attendances for patients admitted to NHS hospitals in England. The HES data used in this publication are called 'delivery episodes'. The MSDS collects records of each stage of the maternity service care pathway in NHS-funded maternity services, and includes information not recorded in HES. The MSDS is a maturing, national-level dataset. In April 2019, the MSDS transitioned to a new version of the dataset. This version, MSDS v2.0, is an update that introduced a new structure and content - including clinical terminology, in order to meet current clinical practice and incorporate new requirements. It is designed to meet requirements that resulted from the National Maternity Review, which led to the publication of the Better Births report in February 2016. This is the fifth publication of data from MSDS v2.0 and data from 2019-20 onwards is not directly comparable to data from previous years. This publication shows the number of HES delivery episodes during the period, with a number of breakdowns including by method of onset of labour, delivery method and place of delivery. It also shows the number of MSDS deliveries recorded during the period, with a breakdown for the mother's smoking status at the booking appointment by age group. It also provides counts of live born term babies with breakdowns for the general condition of newborns (via Apgar scores), skin-to-skin contact and baby's first feed type - all immediately after birth. There is also data available in a separate file on breastfeeding at 6 to 8 weeks. For the first time information on 'Smoking at Time of Delivery' has been presented using annual data from the MSDS. This includes national data broken down by maternal age, ethnicity and deprivation. From 2025/2026, MSDS will become the official source of 'Smoking at Time of Delivery' information and will replace the historic 'Smoking at Time of Delivery' data which is to become retired. We are currently undergoing dual collection and reporting on a quarterly basis for 2024/25 to help users compare information from the two sources. We are working with data submitters to help reconcile any discrepancies at a local level before any close down activities begin. A link to the dual reporting in the SATOD publication series can be found in the links below. Information on how all measures are constructed can be found in the HES Metadata and MSDS Metadata files provided below. In this publication we have also included an interactive Power BI dashboard to enable users to explore key NHS Maternity Statistics measures. The purpose of this publication is to inform and support strategic and policy-led processes for the benefit of patient care. This report will also be of interest to researchers, journalists and members of the public interested in NHS hospital activity in England. Any feedback on this publication or dashboard can be provided to enquiries@nhsdigital.nhs.uk, under the subject “NHS Maternity Statistics”.

In Costa Rica, the production of vital statistics is the responsibility of the Unidad de Estadísticas Demográficas (UED) which belongs to the Área de Censos y Encuestas of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. .

Vital statistics arise from the processing of information obtained from certificates of vital events (births, deaths and marriages) whose registration is in charge of the Civil Registry of Costa Rica. For this purpose, a tripartite form has been established, where the original copy is from the Civil Registry, the first copy for the INEC and the second copy for the mother of the newborn. As of mid-2016, the digital declaration of birth began, however, the physical record is still maintained.

As of 2016, births begin to be registered online, for which the information is entered into the Unit through a database which is coupled at the end of the processing of physical certificates, which have not disappeared from the all.

Specifically, the birth statistics reflect the frequency and intensity with which births occur throughout the country. In addition, it is possible to know the sociodemographic profile of the mother and father, as well as the birth data.

All these variables allow, among other aspects, to create indicators such as the global fertility rate, the crude birth rate, as well as to make population estimates. These data are used both nationally and internationally.

It should be noted that because there is a level of lag in birth statistics in the country, operationally all cases that occurred in the last 10 years are included, including the calendar year that is being worked on. In this way, for example, for the year 2017, all those births that occurred in the period 2008-2017 but that were registered in the year 2017 are included, and so on for the other years.

This lag, it has been verified that it is compensated at the national level year after year, in this way, it is expected that what was not registered in 2017, will enter in 2018 and this data will be approximately equal to what is stopped enrolling in 2016 and enrolled in 2017 and so on for all years. Late registrations are published respecting the year in which the birth occurred.

Data description and definitions:

Other concepts and definitions:

Birth: is the expulsion or complete extraction from the mother's body of a product of conception, (regardless of the duration of the pregnancy), which after such separation, breathes or manifests any other sign of life, such as heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsations, or voluntary effective movement of muscles, wheth...

Birth Statistics (i) Number of Known Births for Different Sexes and Crude Birth Rate for the Period from 1981 to 2024 (ii) Percentage Distribution of Live Births by Birth Weight for the Period from 2012 to 2023

Number of live births and fetal deaths (stillbirths), by type of birth (single or multiple), 1991 to most recent year.

Live births and stillbirths annual summary statistics, by sex, age of mother, whether within marriage or civil partnership, percentage of non-UK-born mothers, birth rates and births by month and mothers' area of usual residence.

Births that occurred by hospital name. Birth events of 5 or more per hospital location are displayed

Postnatal Affective MRI Dataset

Authors Heidemarie Laurent, Megan K. Finnegan, and Katherine Haigler

The Postnatal Affective MRI Dataset (PAMD) includes MRI and psych data from 25 mothers at three months postnatal, with additional psych data collected at three additional timepoints (six, twelve, and eighteen months postnatal). Mother-infant dyad psychosocial tasks and cortisol samples were also collected at all four timepoints, but this data is not included in this dataset. In-scanner tasks involved viewing own- and other-infant affective videos and viewing and labeling adult affective faces. This repository includes de-identified MRI, in-scanner task, demographic, and psych data from this study.

Citation Laurent, H., Finnegan, M. K., & Haigler, K. (2020). Postnatal Affective MRI Dataset. OpenNeuro. Retrieved from OpenNeuro.org.

Acknowledgments Saumya Agrawal was instrumental in getting the PAMD dataset into a BIDS-compliant structure.

Funding This work was supported by the Society for Research in Child Development Victoria Levin Award "Early Calibration of Stress Systems: Defining Family Influences and Health Outcomes" to Heidemarie Laurent and by the University of Oregon College of Arts and Sciences

Contact For questions about this dataset or to request access to alcohol- and tobacco-related psych data, please contact Dr. Heidemarie Laurent, hlaurent@illinois.edu.

References Laurent, H. K., Wright, D., & Finnegan, M. K. (2018). Mindfulness-related differences in neural response to own-infant negative versus positive emotion contexts. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience 30: 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2018.01.002.

Finnegan, M. K., Kane, S., Heller, W., & Laurent, H. (2020). Mothers' neural response to valenced infant interactions predicts postnatal depression and anxiety. PLoS One (under review).

MRI Acquisition The PAMD dataset was acquired in 2015 at the University of Oregon Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging with a 3T Siemens Allegra 3 magnet. A standard 32-channel phase array birdcage coil was used to acquire data from the whole brain. Sessions began with a shimming routine to optimize signal-to-noise ratio, followed by a fast localizer scan (FISP) and Siemens Autoalign routine, a field map, then the 4 functional runs and anatomical scan.

Anatomical: T1*-weighted 3D MPRAGE sequence, TI=1100 ms, TR=2500 ms, TE=3.41 ms, flip angle=7°, 176 sagittal slices, 1.0mm thick, 256×176 matrix, FOV=256mm.

Fieldmap: gradient echo sequence TR=.4ms, TE=.00738 ms, deltaTE=2.46 ms, 4mm thick, 64x64x32x2 matrix.

Task: T2-weighted gradient echo sequence, TR=2000 ms, TE=30 ms, flip angle=90°, 32 contiguous slices acquired ascending and interleaved, 4 mm thick, 64×64 voxel matrix, 226 vols per run.

Participants Mothers (n=25) of 3-month-old infants were recruited from the Women, Infants, and Children program and other community agencies serving low-income women in a midsize Pacific Northwest city. Mothers' ages ranged from 19 to 33 (M=26.4, SD=3.8). Most mothers were Caucasian (72%, 12% Latina, 8% Asian American, 8% other) and married or living with a romantic partner (88%). Although most reported some education past high school (84%), only 24% had completed college or received a graduate degree, and their median household income was between $20,000 and $29,999. For more than half of the mothers (56%), this was their first child (36% second child, 8% third child). Most infants were born on time (4% before 37 weeks and 8% after 41 weeks of pregnancy), and none had serious health problems. A vaginal delivery was reported by 56% of mothers, with 88% breastfeeding and 67% bed-sharing with their infant at the time of assessment. Over half of the mothers (52%) reported having engaged in some form of contemplative practice (mostly yoga and only 8% indicated some form of meditation), and 31% reported currently engaging in that practice. All women gave informed consent prior to participation, and all study procedures were approved by the University of Oregon Institutional Review Board. Due to a task malfunction, participant 178's scanning session was split over two days, with the anatomical acquired in ses-01, and the field maps and tasks acquired in ses-02.

Study overview Mothers visited the lab to complete assessments at four timepoints postnatal: the first session occurred when mothers were approximately three months postnatal (T1), the second session at approximately six months postnatal (T2), the third session at approximately twelve months postnatal (T3), and the fourth and last session at approximately eighteen months postnatal (T4). MRI scans were acquired shortly after their first session (T1).

Asssessment data Assessments collected during sessions include demographic, relationship, attachment, mental health, and infant-related questionnaires. For a full list of included measures and timepoints at which they were acquired, please refer to PAMD_codebook.tsv in the phenotype folder. Data has been made available and included in the phenotype folder as 'PAMD_T1_psychdata', 'PAMD_T2_psychdata', 'PAMD_T3_psychdata', 'PAMD_T4_psychdata'. To protect participants' privacy, all identifiers and questions relating to drugs or alcohol have been removed. If you would like access to drug- and alcohol-related questions, please contact the principle investigator, Dr. Heidemarie Laurent, to request access. Assessment data will be uploaded shortly.

Post-scan ratings After the scan session, mothers watched all of the infant videos and rated the infant's and their own emotional valence and intensity for each video. For valence, mothers were asked "In this video clip, how positive or negative is your baby's emotion?" and "While watching this video clip, how positive or negative is your emotion? from -100 (negative) to +100 (positive). For emotional intensity, mothers were asked "In this video clip, how intense is your baby's emotion?" and "While watching this video clip, how intense is your emotion?"" on a scale of 0 (no intensity) to 100 (maximum intensity). Post-scan ratings are available in the phenotype folder as "PAMD_Post-ScanRatings."

MRI Tasks

Neural Reactivity to Own- and Other-Infant Affect

File Name: task-infant 

Approximately three months postnatal, a graduate research assistant visited mothers’ homes to conduct a structured clinical interview and video-record the mother interacting with her infant during a peekaboo and arm-restraint task, designed to elicit positive and negative emotions, respectively. The mother and infant were face-to-face for both tasks. For the peekaboo task, the mother covered her face with her hands and said "baby," then opened her hands and said "peekaboo" (Montague and Walker-Andrews, 2001). This continued for three minutes, or until the infant showed expressions of joy. For the arm-restraint task, the mother changed their baby's diaper and then held the infant's arms to their side for up to two minutes (Moscardino and Axia, 2006). The mother was told to keep her face neutral and not talk to her infant during this task. This procedure was repeated with a mother-infant dyad that were not included in the rest of the study to generate other-infant videos. Videos were edited to 15-second clips that showed maximum positive and negative affect. Presentation® software (Version 14.7, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc. Berkeley, CA, www.neurobs.com) was used to present positive and negative own- and other-infant clips and rest blocks in counterbalanced order during two 7.5-minute runs. Participants were instructed to watch the videos and respond as they normally would without additional task demands. To protect participants' and their infants' privacy, infant videos will not be made publicly available. However, the mothers' post-scan rating of their infant's, the other infant's, and their own emotional valence and intensity can be found in the phenotype folder as "PAMD_Post-ScanRatings."

Observing and Labeling Affective Faces

File Name: task-affect 

Face stimuli were selected from a standardized set of images (Tottenham, Borscheid, Ellersten, Markus, & Nelson, 2002). Presentation Software (version 14.7, Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc., Berkeley, CA, www.neurobs.com) was used to show participants race-matched adult target faces displaying emotional expressions (positive: three happy faces; negative: one fear, one sad, one anger; two from each category were open-mouthed; one close-mouthed) and were instructed to "observe" or choose the correct affect label for the target image. In the observe task, subjects viewed an emotionally evocative face without making a response. During the affect-labeling task, subjects chose the correct affect label (e.g., "scared," "angry," "happy," "surprised") from a pair of words shown at the bottom of the screen (Lieberman et al., 2007). Each block was preceded by a 3-second instruction screen cueing participants for the current task ("observe" and "affect labeling") and consisted of five affective faces presented for 5 seconds each, with a 1- to 3-second jittered fixation cross between stimuli. Each run consisted of twelve blocks (six observe; six label) counterbalanced within the run and in a semi-random order of trials within blocks (no more than four in a row of positive or negative and, in the affect-labeling task, of the correct label on the right or left side).

.Nii to BIDs

The raw DICOMs were anonymized and converted to BIDS format using the following procedure (for more details, seehttps://github.com/Haigler/PAMD_BIDS/).

1. Deidentifying DICOMS: Batch Anonymization of the DICOMS using DicomBrowser (https://nrg.wustl.edu/software/dicom-browser/)

2. Conversion to .nii and BIDS structure: Anonymized DICOMs were converted to

Annual UK and constituent country figures for births, deaths, marriages, divorces, civil partnerships and civil partnership dissolutions.

Introduction: Growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD), short children born small for gestational age (SGA), and Turner syndrome (TS) is well established. However, a variety of parameters are still under discussion to achieve optimal growth results and efficiency of GH use in real-world treatment. Methods: German GH-treatment naïve patients of the PATRO Children database were grouped according to their start of treatment into groups of 3 years from 2007 to 2018. Time trends in age, gender, GH dose, height standard deviation score (SDS), first-year growth response, and Index of Responsiveness (IoR) were investigated in children with GHD, short children born SGA, and TS starting GH treatment in the German patient population of the PATRO Children database from 2007 to 2018 to determine specific parameters for GH treatment optimization. Results: All patient groups started GH treatment at a relatively high chronological age (2007–2009: GHD 8.33 ± 3.19, SGA 7.32 ± 2.52, TS 8.65 ± 4.39) with a slight but not significant trend towards younger therapy start up to 2016–2018 (GHD 8.04 ± 3.36, SGA 6.67 ± 2.65, TS 7.85 ± 3.38). In the GHD and SGA groups, female patients were underrepresented compared to male patients (GHD 32.3%, SGA 43.6%) with no significant change over the 4 time periods. Patients with GHD started GH treatment at a low dose (0.026 mg/kg/day). In SGA and TS patients, GH therapy was started below the registered dose recommendation (30.0 μg/kg/day and 33.7 μg/kg/day, respectively). In the first year of treatment, the mean GH dose was increased moderately (GHD: 30.7, SGA: 35.7, TS: 40.8 μg/kg/day). There was no significant change of GH dosing over time from 2007 to 2018. The IoR was comparable between time-groups for all 3 diagnoses. Discussion: This study shows potential for improvement of GH treatment results in GHD, SGA, and TS patients in terms of early dose adjustment and younger age at the start of treatment. This is in accordance with important parameters used in prediction models.

Dataset

The dataset (dataset.csv) comes from a service from which anyone present on the French territory benefits without social, cultural or administrative distinction (with or without papers). Nationalities have only been inferred from individuals' last names.

Task Details

The text below is based on an article from the French Observatory for Immigration and Demography entitled: The « Great Replacement »: Fantasy or Reality? The notion of « great replacement » in France now haunts editorials, social networks and major audiovisual media platforms, but places of power and simple family discussions. The importance of migratory flows, coupled with the birth rate of immigrants or of immigrant origin, resulted in 11% of the population residing in France being immigrant in 2017 and 25% being of immigrant origin - counting children of the second generation from immigration - according to figures from the French Office for Immigration and Integration (OFII) published in October 2018. This represents a quarter of the French population. And these are all stocks - that is, what is and not what will be in the future, as a result of migratory flows and future births. However, it is necessary to take into account the fertility differential between women descending from indigenous peoples (less than 1.8 children per woman on average in 2017), women descending from immigrants (2.02 children per woman on average) and immigrant women (2.73 children per woman on average). This fertility varies greatly according to the origin of the women: 3.6 children per woman on average for Algerian immigrants, 3.5 children per woman for Tunisian immigrants, 3.4 children per woman for Moroccan immigrants and 3.1 children per woman for Turkish immigrants, which is higher than the fertility of their country of origin (respectively 3; 2.4; 2.2; 2.1). Over the same twenty-year period, between 1998 and 2018: • The number of births to children with both French parents fell by 13.7%. • The number of births of children with at least one foreign parent increased by 63.6% • The number of births to children with both foreign parents increased by 43%. In 2018, almost a third of children born (31.4%) had at least one parent born abroad. While a part of the French political class remains in denial about this phenomenon and its consequences, officials in other countries source of immigration, have openly claimed this contemporary mode of conquest since the 70s: 1974, former Algerian President Houari Boumedienne said in a U.N. speech: “One day, millions of men will leave the Southern Hemisphere to go to the Northern Hemisphere. And they will not go there as friends. The wombs of our women will give us victory.” A precisely anti-France hatred is even cultivated by certain African states for which France happens to be the perfect scapegoat for the failure of their successive policies. For Algeria, this hatred even goes so far as to be included in its national anthem (cf. [Wikipedia] National anthem of Algeria).

Expected Submission

Using the data provided, support a diagnosis on the current state and future of the French civilization. And if the replacement of the French population and its customs a fantasy or reality?

Further help

• 2020 France population pyramide : https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2381472
• For cartographic representations, the projection RGF93 / Lambert93, reference EPSG:2154 or IGNF:LAMB93 should be favored.

Number of infant deaths and infant mortality rates, by age group (neonatal and post-neonatal), 1991 to most recent year.

Estimated annual number of births by gender for Canada, provinces and territories.

Background:
The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) is a large-scale, multi-purpose longitudinal dataset providing information about babies born at the beginning of the 21st century, their progress through life, and the families who are bringing them up, for the four countries of the United Kingdom. The original objectives of the first MCS survey, as laid down in the proposal to the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in March 2000, were:

• to chart the initial conditions of social, economic and health advantages and disadvantages facing children born at the start of the 21st century, capturing information that the research community of the future will require
• to provide a basis for comparing patterns of development with the preceding cohorts (the National Child Development Study, held at the UK Data Archive under GN 33004, and the 1970 Birth Cohort Study, held under GN 33229)
• to collect information on previously neglected topics, such as fathers' involvement in children's care and development
• to focus on parents as the most immediate elements of the children's 'background', charting their experience as mothers and fathers of newborn babies in the year 2000, recording how they (and any other children in the family) adapted to the newcomer, and what their aspirations for her/his future may be
• to emphasise intergenerational links including those back to the parents' own childhood
• to investigate the wider social ecology of the family, including social networks, civic engagement and community facilities and services, splicing in geo-coded data when available

Additional objectives subsequently included for MCS were:

• to provide control cases for the national evaluation of Sure Start (a government programme intended to alleviate child poverty and social exclusion)
• to provide samples of adequate size to analyse and compare the smaller countries of the United Kingdom, and include disadvantaged areas of England

Further information about the MCS can be found on the Centre for Longitudinal Studies web pages.

The content of MCS studies, including questions, topics and variables can be explored via the CLOSER Discovery website.

The first sweep (MCS1) interviewed both mothers and (where resident) fathers (or father-figures) of infants included in the sample when the babies were nine months old, and the second sweep (MCS2) was carried out with the same respondents when the children were three years of age. The third sweep (MCS3) was conducted in 2006, when the children were aged five years old, the fourth sweep (MCS4) in 2008, when they were seven years old, the fifth sweep (MCS5) in 2012-2013, when they were eleven years old, the sixth sweep (MCS6) in 2015, when they were fourteen years old, and the seventh sweep (MCS7) in 2018, when they were seventeen years old.

Safeguarded versions of MCS studies:
The Safeguarded versions of MCS1, MCS2, MCS3, MCS4, MCS5, MCS6 and MCS7 are held under UK Data Archive SNs 4683, 5350, 5795, 6411, 7464, 8156 and 8682 respectively. The longitudinal family file is held under SN 8172.

Polygenic Indices
Polygenic indices are available under Special Licence SN 9437. Derived summary scores have been created that combine the estimated effects of many different genes on a specific trait or characteristic, such as a person's risk of Alzheimer's disease, asthma, substance abuse, or mental health disorders, for example. These polygenic scores can be combined with existing survey data to offer a more nuanced understanding of how cohort members' outcomes may be shaped.

Sub-sample studies:
Some studies based on sub-samples of MCS have also been conducted, including a study of MCS respondent mothers who had received assisted fertility treatment, conducted in 2003 (see EUL SN 5559). Also, birth registration and maternity hospital episodes for the MCS respondents are held as a separate dataset (see EUL SN 5614).

Release of Sweeps 1 to 4 to Long Format (Summer 2020)
To support longitudinal research and make it easier to compare data from different time points, all data from across all sweeps is now in a consistent format. The update affects the data from sweeps 1 to 4 (from 9 months to 7 years), which are updated from the old/wide to a new/long format to match the format of data of sweeps 5 and 6 (age 11 and 14 sweeps). The old/wide formatted datasets contained one row per family with multiple variables for different respondents. The new/long formatted datasets contain one row per respondent (per parent or per cohort member) for each MCS family. Additional updates have been made to all sweeps to harmonise variable labels and enhance anonymisation.

How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:
For information on how to access biomedical data from MCS that are not held at the UKDS, see the CLS Genetic data and biological samples webpage.

Secure Access datasets:
Secure Access versions of the MCS have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard Safeguarded Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access data' tab above).

Secure Access versions of the MCS include:

• detailed sensitive variables not available under EUL. These have been grouped thematically and are held under SN 8753 (socio-economic, accommodation and occupational data), SN 8754 (self-reported health, behaviour and fertility), SN 8755 (demographics, language and religion) and SN 8756 (exact participation dates). These files replace previously available studies held under SNs 8456 and 8622-8627
  
• detailed geographical identifier files which are grouped by sweep held under SN 7758 (MCS1), SN 7759 (MCS2), SN 7760 (MCS3), SN 7761 (MCS4), SN 7762 (MCS5 2001 Census Boundaries), SN 7763 (MCS5 2011 Census Boundaries), SN 8231 (MCS6 2001 Census Boundaries), SN 8232 (MCS6 2011 Census Boundaries), SN 8757 (MCS7), SN 8758 (MCS7 2001 Census Boundaries) and SN 8759 (MCS7 2011 Census Boundaries). These files replace previously available files grouped by geography SN 7049 (Ward level), SN 7050 (Lower Super Output Area level), and SN 7051 (Output Area level)
• linked education administrative datasets for Key Stages 1, 2, 4 and 5 held under SN 8481 (England). This replaces previously available datasets for Key Stage 1 (SN 6862) and Key Stage 2 (SN 7712)
  
• linked education administrative datasets for Key Stage 1 held under SN 7414 (Scotland)
• linked education administrative dataset for Key Stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 under SN 9085 (Wales)
  
• linked NHS Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) for MCS1 – MCS5 held under SN 8302
• linked Scottish Medical Records data held under SNs 8709, 8710, 8711, 8712, 8713 and 8714;
• Banded Distances to English Grammar Schools for MCS5 held under SN 8394
• linked Health Administrative Datasets (Hospital Episode Statistics) for England for years 2000-2019 held under SN 9030
• linked Hospital of Birth data held under SN 5724.

The linked education administrative datasets held under SNs 8481,7414 and 9085 may be ordered alongside the MCS detailed geographical identifier files only if sufficient justification is provided in the application.

Researchers applying for access to the Secure Access MCS datasets should indicate on their ESRC Accredited Researcher application form the EUL dataset(s) that they also wish to access (selected from the MCS Series Access web page).

MCS4:
The objectives of MCS4 were the same as MCS3, namely:

• to continue tracking the child's physical, cognitive and behavioural development
• to chart continuity and change in the child's family circumstances and physical environment up to age seven
• to record the child's transition to primary school and their experience of the first years at school
• to track the child's previous experience of early education and day-care, along with current out-of-school care arrangements
• record the progress of the child's older siblings
• to re-contact families who had participated in at least one of the earlier surveys but who may not have participated in all sweeps
• to ask the children directly about their thoughts and experiences at age seven

This study now includes the data and documentation from the Teacher Survey completed at Sweep 4 which were previously available under SN 6848.

Latest edition information
For the ninth edition (October 2022), a new data file mcs4_family_interview has been added due to the family level data being split out from the parent-level data to make future merging with MCS8 onwards easier. Two data files (mcs4_parent_interview and mcs4_parent_cm_interview) have been updated to include variables that were missed from the previous edition (mainly from the income and employment module) due to a technical error. There have also been edits to some variable labels that had been found to

BackgroundIn response to the 2015–2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and the causal relationship established between maternal ZIKV infection and adverse infant outcomes, we conducted a cohort study to estimate the incidence of ZIKV infection in pregnancy and assess its impacts in women and infants.Methodology/Principal findingsFrom May 2018-January 2020, we prospectively followed pregnant women recruited from 134 participating hospitals in two non-adjacent provinces in northeastern Thailand. We collected demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic data and blood and urine at routine antenatal care visits until delivery. ZIKV infections were confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Specimens with confirmed ZIKV underwent whole genome sequencing.Among 3,312 women enrolled, 12 (0.36%) had ZIKV infections, of which two (17%) were detected at enrollment. Ten (83%, 3 in 2nd and 7 in 3rd trimester) ZIKV infections were detected during study follow-up, resulting in an infection rate of 0.15 per 1,000 person-weeks (95% CI: 0.07–0.28). The majority (11/12, 91.7%) of infections occurred in one province. Persistent ZIKV viremia (42 days) was found in only one woman. Six women with confirmed ZIKV infections were asymptomatic until delivery. Sequencing of 8 ZIKV isolates revealed all were of Asian lineage. All 12 ZIKV infected women gave birth to live, full-term infants; the only observed adverse birth outcome was low birth weight in one (8%) infant. Pregnancies in 3,300 ZIKV-rRT-PCR-negative women were complicated by 101 (3%) fetal deaths, of which 67 (66%) had miscarriages and 34 (34%) had stillbirths. There were no differences between adverse fetal or birth outcomes of live infants born to ZIKV-rRT-PCR-positive mothers compared to live infants born to ZIKV-rRT-PCR-negative mothers.Conclusions/SignificanceConfirmed ZIKV infections occurred infrequently in this large pregnancy cohort and observed adverse maternal and birth outcomes did not differ between mothers with and without confirmed infections.

Background: The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) is a large-scale, multi-purpose longitudinal dataset providing information about babies born at the beginning of the 21st century, their progress through life, and the families who are bringing them up, for the four countries of the United Kingdom. The original objectives of the first MCS survey, as laid down in the proposal to the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in March 2000, were:to chart the initial conditions of social, economic and health advantages and disadvantages facing children born at the start of the 21st century, capturing information that the research community of the future will requireto provide a basis for comparing patterns of development with the preceding cohorts (the National Child Development Study, held at the UK Data Archive under GN 33004, and the 1970 Birth Cohort Study, held under GN 33229)to collect information on previously neglected topics, such as fathers' involvement in children's care and developmentto focus on parents as the most immediate elements of the children's 'background', charting their experience as mothers and fathers of newborn babies in the year 2000, recording how they (and any other children in the family) adapted to the newcomer, and what their aspirations for her/his future may beto emphasise intergenerational links including those back to the parents' own childhoodto investigate the wider social ecology of the family, including social networks, civic engagement and community facilities and services, splicing in geo-coded data when availableAdditional objectives subsequently included for MCS were:to provide control cases for the national evaluation of Sure Start (a government programme intended to alleviate child poverty and social exclusion)to provide samples of adequate size to analyse and compare the smaller countries of the United Kingdom, and include disadvantaged areas of EnglandFurther information about the MCS can be found on the Centre for Longitudinal Studies web pages.The content of MCS studies, including questions, topics and variables can be explored via the CLOSER Discovery website. The first sweep (MCS1) interviewed both mothers and (where resident) fathers (or father-figures) of infants included in the sample when the babies were nine months old, and the second sweep (MCS2) was carried out with the same respondents when the children were three years of age. The third sweep (MCS3) was conducted in 2006, when the children were aged five years old, the fourth sweep (MCS4) in 2008, when they were seven years old, the fifth sweep (MCS5) in 2012-2013, when they were eleven years old, the sixth sweep (MCS6) in 2015, when they were fourteen years old, and the seventh sweep (MCS7) in 2018, when they were seventeen years old. End User Licence versions of MCS studies:The End User Licence (EUL) versions of MCS1, MCS2, MCS3, MCS4, MCS5, MCS6 and MCS7 are held under UK Data Archive SNs 4683, 5350, 5795, 6411, 7464, 8156 and 8682 respectively. The longitudinal family file is held under SN 8172.

Sub-sample studies: Some studies based on sub-samples of MCS have also been conducted, including a study of MCS respondent mothers who had received assisted fertility treatment, conducted in 2003 (see EUL SN 5559). Also, birth registration and maternity hospital episodes for the MCS respondents are held as a separate dataset (see EUL SN 5614).Release of Sweeps 1 to 4 to Long Format (Summer 2020)To support longitudinal research and make it easier to compare data from different time points, all data from across all sweeps is now in a consistent format. The update affects the data from sweeps 1 to 4 (from 9 months to 7 years), which are updated from the old/wide to a new/long format to match the format of data of sweeps 5 and 6 (age 11 and 14 sweeps). The old/wide formatted datasets contained one row per family with multiple variables for different respondents. The new/long formatted datasets contain one row per respondent (per parent or per cohort member) for each MCS family. Additional updates have been made to all sweeps to harmonise variable labels and enhance anonymisation.

How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:For information on how to access biomedical data from MCS that are not held at the UKDS, see the CLS Genetic data and biological samples webpage.

Secure Access datasets: Secure Access versions of the MCS have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard End User Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access data' tab above).

Secure Access versions of the MCS include:detailed sensitive variables not available under EUL.