The Higher Education Research and Development (HERD) Survey is a dataset created by the U.S. National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), part of the National Science Foundation (NSF). It serves as the primary source for tracking research and development (R&D) expenditures at U.S. colleges and universities. The dataset collects detailed information on R&D spending by field of research, funding sources (e.g., federal, state, industry), types of research (basic, applied), and R&D personnel. Its purpose is to provide insights into academic R&D trends, supporting policy-making and resource allocation decisions. Key use cases include analyzing federal funding impacts, institutional research capacity, and workforce development in science and engineering. The survey covers institutions expending at least $150,000 in separately accounted R&D annually, ensuring comprehensive coverage of major research institutions. Unique aspects include its annual census design, granular breakdowns by discipline (e.g., computer sciences, biology), and historical tracking of long-term trends, such as the 11.2% increase in total higher education R&D expenditures reported for FY 2023 ($108 billion). Data are widely used for strategic planning in academia, government, and industry.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Sudan. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 0.719 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value since 12/31/2018. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 29.03 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 29.03.The 3 year change in percent is 8.06.The 5 year change in percent is -67.30.The 10 year change in percent is -54.83.The Serie's long term average value is 0.591 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 21.73 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1996, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +855.89%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2017, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is -73.51%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Turkey. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 33.22 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value since 12/31/2017. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 13.52 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 13.52.The 3 year change in percent is 15.75.The 5 year change in percent is -3.77.The 10 year change in percent is 8.86.The Serie's long term average value is 11.06 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 200.29 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1971, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +10,939.34%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2013, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is -6.09%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Uzbekistan. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 3.43 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value since 12/31/2018. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 16.30 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 16.30.The 3 year change in percent is 10.43.The 5 year change in percent is -35.37.The 10 year change in percent is -20.21.The Serie's long term average value is 2.49 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 37.70 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/2002, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +315.57%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2015, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is -37.70%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Dominican Republic. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 2.26 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 19.35 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 19.35.The 3 year change in percent is 9.37.The 5 year change in percent is 23.58.The 10 year change in percent is 106.86.The Serie's long term average value is 0.573 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 293.50 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1971, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +6,220.05%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country China. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 314.54 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 20.61 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 20.61.The 3 year change in percent is 27.02.The 5 year change in percent is 57.21.The 10 year change in percent is 134.89.The Serie's long term average value is 59.62 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 427.54 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1971, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +22,412.29%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Spain. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 57.43 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value since 12/31/2012. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 12.09 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 12.09.The 3 year change in percent is 1.80.The 5 year change in percent is 15.39.The 10 year change in percent is -11.27.The Serie's long term average value is 26.97 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 112.92 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +10,816.38%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2008, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is -11.71%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Guatemala. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 2.58 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 5.73 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 5.73.The 3 year change in percent is 21.35.The 5 year change in percent is 36.07.The 10 year change in percent is 91.83.The Serie's long term average value is 0.633 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 307.28 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +8,030.60%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Serbia. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 2.24 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value since 12/31/2009. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 17.23 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 17.23.The 3 year change in percent is 27.77.The 5 year change in percent is 56.68.The 10 year change in percent is 5.74.The Serie's long term average value is 1.48 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 51.25 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/2000, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +643.36%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2008, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is -4.94%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Chile. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 16.51 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 26.10 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 26.10.The 3 year change in percent is 16.69.The 5 year change in percent is 33.66.The 10 year change in percent is 74.74.The Serie's long term average value is 4.28 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 285.81 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1975, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +5,981.41%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Estonia. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 1.74 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/2001, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 17.82 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 17.82.The 3 year change in percent is 22.86.The 5 year change in percent is 50.77.The 10 year change in percent is 65.58.The Serie's long term average value is 0.955 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 82.27 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/2000, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +539.76%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country India. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 96.31 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 18.81 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 18.81.The 3 year change in percent is 16.94.The 5 year change in percent is 39.10.The 10 year change in percent is 73.04.The Serie's long term average value is 25.42 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 278.80 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1971, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +6,437.65%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Austria. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 23.49 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 9.89 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 9.89.The 3 year change in percent is 6.40.The 5 year change in percent is 15.53.The 10 year change in percent is 0.4486.The Serie's long term average value is 11.24 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 109.06 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +4,654.09%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Belgium. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 35.63 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 13.01 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 13.01.The 3 year change in percent is 8.71.The 5 year change in percent is 22.66.The 10 year change in percent is 11.08.The Serie's long term average value is 15.04 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 137.01 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +3,108.34%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Cameroon. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 1.19 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1971, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 11.08 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 11.08.The 3 year change in percent is 12.93.The 5 year change in percent is 33.23.The 10 year change in percent is 39.34.The Serie's long term average value is 0.421 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 182.38 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1970, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +3,302.87%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Ethiopia. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 3.40 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1982, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 3.43 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 3.43.The 3 year change in percent is 31.97.The 5 year change in percent is 49.50.The 10 year change in percent is 191.69.The Serie's long term average value is 0.836 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 307.17 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1982, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +2,663.27%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.

Time series data for the statistic Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$) and country Congo, Dem. Rep.. Indicator Definition:Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.The indicator "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)" stands at 1.07 Billion usd as of 12/31/2021, the highest value at least since 12/31/1995, the period currently displayed. Regarding the One-Year-Change of the series, the current value constitutes an increase of 9.58 percent compared to the value the year prior.The 1 year change in percent is 9.58.The 3 year change in percent is 13.35.The 5 year change in percent is 43.04.The 10 year change in percent is 156.67.The Serie's long term average value is 0.384 Billion usd. It's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 178.92 percent higher, compared to it's long term average value.The Serie's change in percent from it's minimum value, on 12/31/1999, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is +2,416.87%.The Serie's change in percent from it's maximum value, on 12/31/2021, to it's latest available value, on 12/31/2021, is 0.0%.