This project explored the decline of the 'male breadwinner' model of the articulation of employment and family life, in which men were responsible for market work and women for unpaid caring. As women increasingly enter employment, has the gendered division of labour (understood as incorporating both paid and unpaid work) been shifted as a consequence and have gender relations within the family changed? Are women able to realise their individual aspirations, and has an increase in women's employment been followed by greater equality in money management between partners? As the work of caring is increasingly transferred out of the 'private' sphere, how have institutions, families and employers adapted to this new situation? Are adaptations in some countries more successful than in others?

In order to answer these questions, a cross-national comparative analysis was necessary. Thus, the project formed part of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) 2002 module, Family and Changing Gender Roles III. The module concerned included a series of questions relating to work-life conflict as well as attitudes to gender roles and working mothers, and the allocation of money within the household. Some extra questions were included in the ISSP project (fielded in Britain, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Hungary, Norway and Portugal) and a resulting harmonised seven-country data set was generated. The ISSP is conducted by the Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Data Archive for the Social Sciences (GESIS), based in Cologne, Germany. The full ISSP Family and Changing Gender Roles III dataset is available to order via the UK Data Archive - see under SN 5018. It is recommended that users order the full dataset to use alongside this one.

In the case of Britain, a further set of questions were added to the ISSP module, and thus a separate file of extended British data is included in this dataset. The British questions focused on working conditions and individual promotion aspirations. They were piloted alongside the British Social Attitudes Survey, 2002 (BSA - held at the Archive under SN 4838), conducted by the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen).

Users should note that the documentation for this study includes only the questionnaire. Details of sampling and other methodology may be found in the documentation for the relevant BSA 2002 (see under SN 4838) and ISSP studies.

A previous study by the same principal investigator on a similar topic, Women's Employment and Family Life in the United Kingdom, Norway, France, Czech Republic and Russia, 1996-1997, is also held at the Archive under SN 3926. This study also used data from ISSP.

The estimates of the number (or “stock”) of international migrants disaggregated by age, sex and country or area of origin are based on national statistics, in most cases obtained from population censuses. Additionally, population registers and nationally representative surveys provided information on the number and composition of international migrants.

The dataset presents estimates of international migrant by age, sex and origin. Estimates are presented for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 and are available for 232 countries and areas of the world. The estimates are based on official statistics on the foreign-born or the foreign population.

1 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in Regions of Metropolitan France and in French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, New Caledonia, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (French part), and Wallis and Futuna Islands.
2 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in Regions of Metropolitan France and in French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (French part), and Wallis and Futuna Islands.
3 The estimates for 1990 to 2005 refer to Sudan and South Sudan.
4 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in United Kingdom, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gibraltar, Isle of Man, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
5 Including East Jerusalem. Refugees are not part of the foreign-born migrant stock in the State of Palestine.
6 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in United Kingdom, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gibraltar, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Saint Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
7 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in Faroe Islands, and Greenland.
8 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in Denmark and Greenland.
9 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in United Kingdom, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gibraltar, Montserrat, Saint Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
10 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gibraltar, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Saint Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
11 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in United Kingdom, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Isle of Man, Montserrat, Saint Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
12 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (French part), and Wallis and Futuna Islands.
13 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in Aruba, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part).
14 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in United Kingdom, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gibraltar, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Saint Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
15 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in the Netherlands, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part).
16 The estimates of migrant stock for 1990 to 2000 refer to the former Netherlands Antilles. The estimates of the migrant stock for 2005 refer to the former Netherlands Antilles without Sint Maarten (Dutch part).
17 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in the Netherlands, Aruba, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten (Dutch part).
18 For statistical purposes, the foreign-born population includes persons born in United Kingdom, Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gibraltar, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Saint Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands.
19 For statistical purposes, the foreign-bor...