One in every 100 children dies before completing one year of life. Around 68 percent of infant mortality is attributed to deaths of children before completing 1 month. 15,000 children die every day – Child mortality is an everyday tragedy of enormous scale that rarely makes the headlines Child mortality rates have declined in all world regions, but the world is not on track to reach the Sustainable Development Goal for child mortality Before the Modern Revolution child mortality was very high in all societies that we have knowledge of – a quarter of all children died in the first year of life, almost half died before reaching the end of puberty Over the last two centuries all countries in the world have made very rapid progress against child mortality. From 1800 to 1950 global mortality has halved from around 43% to 22.5%. Since 1950 the mortality rate has declined five-fold to 4.5% in 2015. All countries in the world have benefitted from this progress In the past it was very common for parents to see children die, because both, child mortality rates and fertility rates were very high. In Europe in the mid 18th century parents lost on average between 3 and 4 of their children Based on this overview we are asking where the world is today – where are children dying and what are they dying from?

5.4 million children died in 2017 – Where did these children die? Pneumonia is the most common cause of death, preterm births and neonatal disorders is second, and diarrheal diseases are third – What are children today dying from? This is the basis for answering the question what can we do to make further progress against child mortality? We will extend this entry over the course of 2020.

@article{owidchildmortality, author = {Max Roser, Hannah Ritchie and Bernadeta Dadonaite}, title = {Child and Infant Mortality}, journal = {Our World in Data}, year = {2013}, note = {https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality} }

The child mortality rate in the United States, for children under the age of five, was 462.9 deaths per thousand births in 1800. This means that for every thousand babies born in 1800, over 46 percent did not make it to their fifth birthday. Over the course of the next 220 years, this number has dropped drastically, and the rate has dropped to its lowest point ever in 2020 where it is just seven deaths per thousand births. Although the child mortality rate has decreased greatly over this 220 year period, there were two occasions where it increased; in the 1870s, as a result of the fourth cholera pandemic, smallpox outbreaks, and yellow fever, and in the late 1910s, due to the Spanish Flu pandemic.

Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

UNICEF's country profile for United States, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

The map shows the latest available data for mortality up to the age of 15. In several countries, the rate has declined to about 0.3%, a mortality rate that is more than 100 times lower than in the past. This was achieved in just a few generations. Progress can be fast.

In the richest parts of the world, child deaths have become very rare, but differences across countries are high. Niger is the country with the highest rate, 15% of newborns die as children.

The fact that several countries show that it is possible for 99.7% of children to survive shows us what the world can aspire to. Global health has improved, and it is on us to make sure that this progress continues to bring the daily tragedy of child deaths to an end.

Our ancestors could have surely not imagined what is reality today. Let’s make it our goal to give children everywhere the chance to live a long and healthy life. The chart above also shows the dramatic progress that was recently achieved. Most children in the world still died at extremely high rates well into the 20th century. Even as recently as 1950 – a time that some readers might well remember – one in four children died globally.

More recently, during our lifetimes, the world has achieved an entirely unprecedented improvement. In a brief episode of human history, the global death rate of children declined from around 50% to 4%.

After millennia of suffering and failure, the progress against child mortality is, for me, one of the greatest achievements of humanity.

This is not an improvement that is only achieved by a few countries. The rate has declined in every single country in the world.

This datas real-world trends in children's screen time usage. It includes data on educational, recreational, and total screen time for children aged 5 to 15 years, with breakdowns by gender (Male, Female, Other/Prefer not to say) and day type (Weekday, Weekend). The dataset follows expected behavioral patterns:

Screen time increases with age (~1.5 hours/day at age 5 to 6+ hours/day at age 15).

Recreational screen time dominates, making up 65–80% of total screen time.

Weekend screen time is 20–30% higher than weekdays, with a larger increase for teenagers.

Slight gender-based variations in recreational screen time.

The dataset contains natural variability, ensuring realism, and the sample size decreases slightly with age (e.g., 500 respondents at age 5, 300 at age 15).

This dataset is ideal for data analysis, visualization, and machine learning experiments related to children's digital habits. 🚀

This table contains data on the number of licensed day care center slots (facility capacity) per 1,000 children aged 0-5 years in California, its regions, counties, cities, towns, and census tracts. The table contains 2015 data, and includes type of facility (day care center or infant center). Access to child care has become a critical support for working families. Many working families find high-quality child care unaffordable, and the increasing cost of child care can be crippling for low-income families and single parents. These barriers can impact parental choices of child care. Increased availability of child care facilities can positively impact families by providing more choices of child care in terms of price and quality. Estimates for this indicator are provided for the total population, and are not available by race/ethnicity. More information on the data table and a data dictionary can be found in the Data and Resources section. The licensed day care centers table is part of a series of indicators in the Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project (HCI) of the Office of Health Equity. The goal of HCI is to enhance public health by providing data, a standardized set of statistical measures, and tools that a broad array of sectors can use for planning healthy communities and evaluating the impact of plans, projects, policy, and environmental changes on community health. The creation of healthy social, economic, and physical environments that promote healthy behaviors and healthy outcomes requires coordination and collaboration across multiple sectors, including transportation, housing, education, agriculture and others. Statistical metrics, or indicators, are needed to help local, regional, and state public health and partner agencies assess community environments and plan for healthy communities that optimize public health. More information on HCI can be found here: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OHE/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Accessible%202%20CDPH_Healthy_Community_Indicators1pager5-16-12.pdf

The format of the licensed day care centers table is based on the standardized data format for all HCI indicators. As a result, this data table contains certain variables used in the HCI project (e.g., indicator ID, and indicator definition). Some of these variables may contain the same value for all observations.

The child mortality rate in Africa has steadily declined over the past seven decades. In 2023, it reached 63 deaths per thousand births. In 1950, child mortality was significantly higher, estimated at 327 deaths per thousand births, meaning that almost one-third of all children born in these years did not make it to their fifth birthday. While the reduction rate varies on a country-by-country basis, the overall decline can be attributed in large part to the expansion of healthcare services, improvements in nutrition and access to clean drinking water, and the implementation of large-scale immunization campaigns across the continent. The temporary slowdown in the 1980s and 1990s has been attributed in part to rapid urbanization of many parts of the continent that coincided with poor economic performance, resulting in the creation of overcrowded slums with poor access to health and sanitation services. Despite significant improvements in the continent-wide averages, there remains a significant imbalance in the continent, with Sub-Saharan countries experiencing much higher child mortality rates than those in North Africa.

Background: Mortality rate rapidly decreases with age after birth, and, simultaneously, the spectrum of death causes show remarkable changes with age. This study analyzed age-associated decreases in mortality rate from diseases of all main chapters of the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases.Methods: The number of deaths was extracted from the mortality database of the World Health Organization. As zero cases could be ascertained for a specific age category, the Halley method was used to calculate the mortality rates in all possible calendar years and in all countries combined.Results: All causes mortality from the 1st day of life to the age of 10 years can be represented by an inverse proportion model with a single parameter. High coefficients of determination were observed for total mortality in all populations (arithmetic mean = 0.9942 and standard deviation = 0.0039).Slower or no mortality decrease with age was detected in the 1st year of life, while the inverse proportion method was valid for the age range [1, 10) years in most of all main chapters with three exceptions. The decrease was faster for the chapter “Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period” (XVI).The inverse proportion was valid already from the 1st day for the chapter “Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities” (XVII).The shape of the mortality decrease was very different for the chapter “Neoplasms” (II) and the rates of mortality from neoplasms were age-independent in the age range [1, 10) years in all populations.Conclusion: The theory of congenital individual risks of death is presented and can explain the results. If it is valid, latent congenital impairments may be present among all cases of death that are not related to congenital impairments. All results are based on published data, and the data are presented as a supplement.

Background: Substantial mortality occurs after hospital discharge in children younger than 5 years with suspected sepsis, especially in low-income countries. A better understanding of its epidemiology is needed for effective interventions to reduce child mortality in these countries. We evaluated risk factors for death after discharge in children admitted to hospital for suspected sepsis in Uganda, and assessed how these differed by age, time of death, and location of death. Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, we recruited 0-60-month-old children admitted with suspected sepsis from the community to the paediatric wards of six Ugandan hospitals. The primary outcome was six-month post-discharge mortality among those discharged alive. We evaluated the interactive impact of age, time of death, and location of death on risk factors for mortality. Findings: 6,545 children were enrolled, with 6,191 discharged alive. The median (interquartile range) time from discharge to death was 28 (9-74) days, with a six-month post-discharge mortality rate of 5·5%, constituting 51% of total mortality. Deaths occurred at home (45%), in-transit to care (18%), or in hospital (37%) during a subsequent readmission. Post-discharge death was strongly associated with weight-for-age z-scores < -3 (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 4·7, 95% CI 3·7–5·8 vs a Z score of >–2), referral for further care (7·3, 5·6–9·5), and unplanned discharge (3·2, 2·5–4·0). The hazard ratio of those with severe anaemia increased with time since discharge, while the hazard ratios of discharge vulnerabilities (unplanned, poor feeding) decreased with time. Age influenced the effect of several variables, including anthropometric indices (less impact with increasing age), anaemia (greater impact), and admission temperature (greater impact). Data Collection Methods: All data were collected at the point of care using encrypted study tablets and these data were then uploaded to a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database hosted at the BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (Vancouver, Canada). At admission, trained study nurses systematically collected data on clinical, social and demographic variables. Following discharge, field officers contacted caregivers at 2 and 4 months by phone, and in-person at 6 months, to determine vital status, post-discharge health-seeking, and readmission details. Verbal autopsies were conducted for children who had died following discharge. Data Processing Methods: For this analysis, data from both cohorts (0-6 months and 6-60 months) were combined and analysed as a single dataset. We used periods of overlapping enrolment (72% of total enrolment months) between the two cohorts to determine site-specific proportions of children who were 0-6 and 6-60 months of age. These proportions were used to weight the cohorts for the calculation of overall mortality rate. Z-scores were calculated using height and weight. Hematocrit was converted to hemoglobin. Distance to hospital was calculated using latitude and longitude. Extra symptom and diagnosis categories were created based on text field in these two variables. BCS score was created by summing all individual components. Abbreviations: MUAC -mid upper arm circumference wfa – weight for age wfl – weight for length bmi – body mass index lfa – length for age abx - antibiotics hr – heart rate rr – respiratory rate antimal - antimalarial sysbp – systolic blood pressure diasbp – diastolic blood pressure resp – respiratory cap - capillary BCS - Blantyre Coma Scale dist- distance hos - hospital ed - education disch - discharge dis -discharge fu – follow-up pd – post-discharge loc - location materl - maternal Ethics Declaration: This study was approved by the Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Committee (No. 15/10-16), the Uganda National Institute of Science and Technology (HS 2207), and the University of British Columbia / Children & Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia Research Ethics Board (H16-02679). This manuscript adheres to the guidelines for STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Study Protocol & Supplementary Materials: Smart Discharges to improve post-discharge health outcomes in children: A prospective before-after study with staggered implementation, NOTE for restricted files: If you are not yet a CoLab member, please complete our membership application survey to gain access to restricted files within 2 business days. Some files may remain restricted to CoLab members. These files are deemed more sensitive by the file owner and are meant to be shared on a case-by-case basis. Please contact the CoLab coordinator at sepsiscolab@bcchr.ca or visit our website.

Number of deaths and mortality rates, by age group, sex, and place of residence, 1991 to most recent year.

INTRO

This dataset covers the most recent and updated health statistics of the world (countries recognized by WHO- all), BUT the data could not be directly used as the major indicator of various subtopics in the dataset was mixed so I have filtered based on various indicators and hence, divided into subcategories. I know so many datasets seem overwhelming, but I will be giving the various categories they belong to and what they represent so do not worry!)

The dataset was filtered to increase user readability and create amazing and beautiful visualizations and EDA’s. Listed below will be the various datasets (named csv’s) and what they represent under their categories.

Also, before starting I will soon be uploading a viz for the same and this data cleaning and filtering has along with compiling has been a great task so...

Let us get started.

DATASET (CONTENTS)

Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy

lifeExpectancyAtBirth.csv -> Life expectancy at birth, country wise mentioned in age (years). HALElifeExpectancyAtBirth.csv -> Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth, country wise mentioned in age(years).csv WHOregionLifeExpectancAtBirth.csv -> Life expectancy at birth, Region wise mentioned in age (years). HAleWHOregionLifeExpectancy.csv -> Healthy life expectancy at birth, region wise mentioned in age(years). %HaleInLifeExpectancy.csv -> Healthy life and life expectancy at birth with the % of HALE in life expectancy.

Maternal mortality

Data from 2014 to 2019 indicate that approximately 81% of all births globally took place in the presence of skilled health personnel, an increase from 64% in the 2000–2006 period

maternalMortalityRatio.csv-> Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 births birthAttendedBySkilledPersonal.csv-> Births attended by skilled personals (percentile)

Newborn and child mortality

infantMortalityRate.csv-> Probability of dying between birth and age 1 per 1000 live births. neonatalMortalityRate.csv -> Probability of children dying in the first 28 days of life. under5MortalityRate.csv- > Probability of children dying below the age of 5 per 1000 live births.

Communicable Diseases

incedenceOfMalaria.csv-> Malaria incidence per 1000 population at risk incedenceOfTuberculosis.csv-> Incidence of TB per 100,000 population per year. hepatitusBsurfaceAntigen.csv -> Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence among children under 5 years) interventionAgianstNTD's.csv -> Reported number of people requiring interventions against NTDs. newHivInfections.csv ->New HIV infections per 1000 uninfected population

Noncommunicable diseases and mental health

30-70cancerChdEtc.csv -> Probability of dying between the age of 30 and exact age of 70 from any of the cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease. crudeSuicideRates.csv -> Crude suicide rates per 100,000 population

Substance abuse

AlcoholSubstanceAbuse.csv -> Total (recorded + unrecorded) alcohol per capita (15 +) consumption’s

Road Traffic Injuries

roadTrafficDeaths.csv -> Estimated road traffic death rate per 100,000 population

Sexual and reproductive health

reproductiveAgeWomen.csv -> Married or in-union women of reproductive age who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods (%) adolescentBirthRate.csv -> Adolescent birth rate per 1000 women aged 15-19 years

Achieve universal health coverage (UHC) including financial risk protection

uhcCoverage.csv ->UHC index of service coverage (SCI) dataAvailibilityForUhc.csv ->Data availability of UHC index of essential service coverage (%) population10%SDG3.8.2.csv ->Population with household expenditures on health greater than 10% of total household expenditure or income (SDG indicator 3.8.2) (%) population25%SDG3.8.2.csv -> Population with household expenditures on health greater than 25% of total household expenditure or income (SDG indicator 3.8.2) (%)

Mortality from environment pollution

airPollutionDeathRate.csv -> Ambient and household air pollution attributable death rate per 100,00 population and the same data with age-standardized. mortalityRateUnsafeWash.csv -> Mortality rate attributed to exposure to unsafe WASH services per 100,000 population SDG3.9.2 mortalityRatePoisoning.csv -> Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning per 100,000 population

Tobacco control

tobaccoAge15.csv ->Prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older (age- standardized rate)

Health Workforce

medicalDoctors.csv -> Medical doctors per 10,000 population. nursingAndMidwife.csv -> Nursing and midwifery personnel per 10,000 ...

Number of infant deaths and infant mortality rates, by age group (neonatal and post-neonatal), 1991 to most recent year.

This data tracks the deaths of children up to 18 years old and whether or not the child, youth or their family were involved with a children's aid society within 12 months of their death. This data is provided to the Office of the Chief Coroner by the Registrar General of Ontario and by children's aid societies and has not been independently verified by the Office of the Chief Coroner.

The child mortality rate in Canada, for children under the age of five, was 333 deaths per thousand births in the year 1830. This means that one third of all children born in 1830 did not make it to their fifth birthday. Child mortality remained above 25 percent for the remainder of the nineteenth century, before falling at a much faster rate throughout the 1900s. By the year 2020, Canada's child mortality rate is expected to be just five deaths per thousand births.

UNICEF's country profile for India, including under-five mortality rates, child health, education and sanitation data.

By the early 1870s, the child mortality rate of the area of modern-day Bangladesh was estimated to be just over five hundred deaths per thousand live births, meaning that more than half of all infants born in these years would not survive past their fifth birthday. Child mortality would steadily climb towards the end of the 19th century, to a rate of almost 57 percent, as a series of famines would result in significant declines in access to nutrition and the increased displacement of the population. However, after peaking at just over 565 deaths per thousand births at the turn of the century, the British colonial administration partitioned the Bengal region (a large part of which lies in present-day India), which would begin to bring some bureaucratic stability to the region, improving healthcare and sanitation.

Child mortality would largely decline throughout the 20th century, with two temporary reversals in the late 1940s and early 1970s. The first of these can be attributed in part to disruptions in government services and mass displacement of the country’s population in the partitioning of India and Pakistan following their independence from the British Empire; during which time, present-day Bangladesh became East Pakistan. The second reversal would occur in the early 1970s, as a side effect for the Bangladesh Liberation War, the famine of 1974, and the subsequent transition to independence. Outside of these reversals, child mortality would decline significantly in the 20th century, and by the turn of the century, child mortality in Bangladesh would fall below one hundred deaths per thousand births; less than a fifth of the rate at the beginning of the century. In the past two decades, Bangladesh's child mortality has continued its decline to roughly a third of this rate, due to improvements in healthcare access and quality in the country; in 2020, it was estimated that for every thousand children born in Bangladesh, almost 97 percent will survive past the age of five years.

The child mortality rate in the United Kingdom, for children under the age of five, was 329 deaths per thousand births in 1800. This means that approximately one in every three children born in 1800 did not make it to their fifth birthday. Over the course of the next 220 years, this number has dropped drastically, particularly in the first half of the twentieth century, and the rate has dropped to its lowest point ever in 2020 where it is just four deaths per thousand births.

Dear Partners,

This month, the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) observed World Day Against Child Labor by spotlighting and encouraging those, who could, to join the Within and Beyond Our Borders: Collective Action to Address Hazardous Child Labor organized by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) on June 12, 2023. If you missed it, or would like to rewatch it, you can find it here

.

Since 2018, the DOL has seen a 69 percent increase in children being employed illegally by companies. In the last fiscal year, the department found that 835 companies it investigated had employed more than 3,800 children in violation of labor laws. There has been a 26 percent increase in children employed in hazardous occupations. These numbers tell us that we have work to do as the human services sector to learn more and become engaged in preventing unlawful child labor and supporting youth.

As I have said before, child labor exploitation can disrupt a youth’s health, safety, education, and overall well-being, which are unacceptable consequences for any child. The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) supports a broad network of resources for vulnerable youth. We know that migrant and immigrant youth are especially vulnerable to exploitation, and it is often youth in or exiting the child welfare system who are targeted for various forms of exploitation. Child labor exploitation can impact children and youth across demographics.

On March 24, 2023, the DOL and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced a Memorandum of Agreement - PDF

to advance ongoing efforts to address child labor exploitation. In addition, DOL and HHS are collaborating on training and educational materials.

As we expand this work, we know how important our partners throughout the country are in this effort. The Administration for Children and Families (ACF) is committed to addressing the increased presence of child labor exploitation through a variety of actions including equipping partners with materials and educational resources to build knowledge about child labor laws and rights, and remedies. This information is important for our human services sector and the children and families who may be most at risk.

Please join ACF in increasing awareness and distributing resources to address child labor exploitation including the following:

ACF resources may be also useful when working with a youth who has concerns about their safety. This includes the Family and Youth Services Bureau (FYSB)’s program on Runaway and Homeless Youth which provides a hotline for youth, concerned adults, and providers to access resources. At, www.1800runaway.org

, their 24/7 crisis connection allows for calls, texts, live chat, and email to get information and resources.

In addition, ACF’s Office of Trafficking In-Persons (OTIP) is an important resource for identifying and supporting survivors of trafficking. The National Human Trafficking Hotline

provides a 24/7, confidential, multilingual hotline for victims, survivors, and witnesses of human trafficking. While labor exploitation should not be conflated with labor trafficking, in some cases labor exploitation may rise to meet the legal definitions of trafficking. The OTIP website

contains many resources for grantees and communities on labor trafficking.

Again, I hope you will continue to build awareness for yourself, your organization, or your community on child labor exploitation. It takes a whole community effort to support our children and youth.

Most sincerely,

January Contreras

Metadata-only record linking to the original dataset. Open original dataset below.