Mean number of teeth, missing decayed or filled in 5 year-olds.

Mean number of teeth per child sampled which were either actively decayed or had been filled or extracted. Data was only available at PCT level, and had to be apportioned to Local Authorities. This process can only be approximate where PCTs are not completely contained within Local Authorities. Data is missing for some areas, in London Greenwich and Bexley.

http://www.apho.org.uk/default.aspx?QN=HP_DATATABLES

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

Background:
The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW), previously known as the British Crime Survey (BCS), has been in existence since 1981. The survey traditionally asks a sole randomly selected adult, in a random sample of households, details pertaining to any instances where they, or the household, has been a victim of a crime in the previous 12 months. These are recorded in the victim form data file (VF). A wide range of questions are then asked covering demographics and crime-related subjects such as attitudes to the police and the criminal justice system (CJS). Most of the questionnaire is completed in a face-to-face interview in the respondent's home; these variables are contained within the non-victim form (NVF) data file. Since 2009, the survey has been extended to children aged 10-15 years old; one resident of that age range has also been selected at random from the household and asked about incidents where they have been a victim of crime, and other related topics. The first set of children's data, covering January-December 2009, had experimental status, and is held separately under SN 6601. From 2009-2010, the children's data cover the same period as the adult data and are included with the main dataset. Further information may be found on the ONS Crime Survey for England and Wales web page and for the previous BCS, from the GOV.UK BCS Methodology web page.

Self-completion data:
A series of questions on drinking behaviour, drug use and intimate personal violence (including stalking and sexual victimisation) are administered to adults via a self-completion module which the respondent completes on a laptop computer. Children aged 10-15 years also complete a separate self-completion questionnaire. The questions are contained within the main questionnaire documents, but the data are not available with the main survey; they are available only under Secure Access conditions. Lower-level geographic variables are also available under Secure Access conditions to match to the survey.

History:
Up to 2001, the survey was conducted biennially. From April 2001, interviewing was carried out continually and reported on in financial year cycles and the crime reference period was altered to accommodate this change. The core sample size has increased from around 11,000 in the earlier cycles to over 40,000. Following the National Statistician's Review of Crime Statistics in June 2011 the collation and publication of Crime Statistics moved to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) from 1st April 2012, and the survey changed its name to the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) accordingly.

Scottish data:
The 1982 and 1988 BCS waves were also conducted in Scotland. The England and Wales data for 1982 and 1988 are held at the UKDA under SNs 1869 and 2706, but the Scottish data for these studies are held separately under SNs 4368 and 4599. Since 1993, separate Scottish Crime and Justice Surveys have been conducted, see the series web page for more details.

New methodology for capping the number of incidents from 2017-18
The CSEW datasets available from 2017-18 onward are based upon a new methodology of capping the number of incidents at the 98th percentile. Incidence variables names have remained consistent with previously supplied data but due to the fact they are based on the new 98th percentile cap, and old data sets are not, comparability has been lost with previous years. More information can be found in the 2017-18 User Guide and the article ‘Improving victimisation estimates derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales’. ONS intend to publish all micro data back to 1981 with incident data based on the 98th percentile cap later in 2019.

The main CSEW 1996-2020 Secure Access dataset (SN 7280) includes:

• the adult and child data also held in the standard End User Licence (EUL) version
• adult self-completion modules on drinking behaviour, drug use, stolen goods, children's self-completion modules and sexual identity and low-level geography variables formerly held under Special Licence access conditions (please note that not all modules occur for each year - see the survey year's documentation for details)
• hate crime variables HATEMT3A-HATEMT3I and HATEPS3A-HATEPS3I from the Victim Form
• the interpersonal violence (IPV) data (comprising the modules on domestic violence, sexual victimisation and stalking)

Users who do not require access to the modules noted above should apply for the EUL version. The Secure Access version has more restrictive access conditions than the standard EUL version - see the 'Access' tab. All studies in the series can be viewed from the Crime Survey for England and Wales series webpage.

This study also includes the following...

A geometric shape regularity effect in the human brain: fMRI dataset

Authors:

• Mathias Sablé-Meyer*
• Lucas Benjamin
• Cassandra Potier Watkins
• Chenxi He
• Maxence Pajot
• Théo Morfoisse
• Fosca Al Roumi
• Stanislas Dehaene

*Corresponding author: mathias.sable-meyer@ucl.ac.uk

Abstract

The perception and production of regular geometric shapes is a characteristic trait of human cultures since prehistory, whose neural mechanisms are unknown. Behavioral studies suggest that humans are attuned to discrete regularities such as symmetries and parallelism, and rely on their combinations to encode regular geometric shapes in a compressed form. To identify the relevant brain systems and their dynamics, we collected functional MRI and magnetoencephalography data in both adults and six-year-olds during the perception of simple shapes such as hexagons, triangles and quadrilaterals. The results revealed that geometric shapes, relative to other visual categories, induce a hypoactivation of ventral visual areas and an overactivation of the intraparietal and inferior temporal regions also involved in mathematical processing, whose activation is modulated by geometric regularity. While convolutional neural networks captured the early visual activity evoked by geometric shapes, they failed to account for subsequent dorsal parietal and prefrontal signals, which could only be captured by discrete geometric features or by more advanced transformer models of vision. We propose that the perception of abstract geometric regularities engages an additional symbolic mode of visual perception.

Notes about this dataset

We separately share the MEG dataset at https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds006012. Below are some notes about the fMRI dataset of N=20 adult participants (sub-2xx, numbers between 204 and 223), and N=22 children (sub-3xx, numbers between 301 and 325).

• The code for the analyses is provided at https://github.com/mathias-sm/AGeometricShapeRegularityEffectHumanBrain
  However, the analyses work from already preprocessed data. Since there is no custom code per se for the preprocessing, I have not included it in the repository. To preprocess the data as was done in the published article, here is the command and software information:
  • fMRIPrep version: 20.0.5
  • fMRIPrep command: /usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /data /out participant --participant-label <label> --output-spaces MNI152NLin6Asym:res-2 MNI152NLin2009cAsym:res-2
• Defacing has been performed with bidsonym running the pydeface masking, and nobrainer brain registraction pipeline.
  The published analyses have been performed on the non-defaced data. I have checked for data quality on all participants after defacing. In specific cases, I may be able to request the permission to share the original, non-defaced dataset.
• sub-325 was acquired by a different experimenter and defaced before being shared with the rest of the research team, hence why the slightly different defacing mask. That participant was also preprocessed separately, and using a more recent fMRIPrep version: 20.2.6.
• The data associated with the children has a few missing files. Notably:
  1. sub-313 and sub-316 are missing one run of the localizer each
  2. sub-316 has no data at all for the geometry
  3. sub-308 has eno useable data for the intruder task Since all of these still have some data to contribute to either task, all available files were kept on this dataset. The analysis code reflects these inconsistencies where required with specific exceptions.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) asks a sole adult in a random sample of households about their, or their household's, experience of crime victimisation in the previous 12 months. These are recorded in the victim form data file (VF). A wide range of questions are then asked, covering demographics and crime-related subjects such as attitudes to the police and the criminal justice system (CJS). These variables are contained within the non-victim form (NVF) data file. In 2009, the survey was extended to children aged 10-15 years old; one resident of that age range was also selected from the household and asked about their experience of crime and other related topics. The first set of children's data covered January-December 2009 and is held separately under SN 6601. From 2009-2010, the children's data cover the same period as the adult data and are included with the main study.

The Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales (TCSEW) became operational on 20 May 2020. It was a replacement for the face-to-face CSEW, which was suspended on 17 March 2020 because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It was set up with the intention of measuring the level of crime during the pandemic. As the pandemic continued throughout the 2020/21 survey year, questions have been raised as to whether the year ending March 2021 TCSEW is comparable with estimates produced in earlier years by the face-to-face CSEW. The ONS Comparability between the Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales and the face-to-face Crime Survey for England and Wales report explores those factors that may have a bearing on the comparability of estimates between the TCSEW and the former CSEW. These include survey design, sample design, questionnaire changes and modal changes.

More general information about the CSEW may be found on the ONS Crime Survey for England and Wales web page and for the previous BCS, from the GOV.UK BCS Methodology web page.

History - the British Crime Survey

The CSEW was formerly known as the British Crime Survey (BCS), and has been in existence since 1981. The 1982 and 1988 BCS waves were also conducted in Scotland (data held separately under SNs 4368 and 4599). Since 1993, separate Scottish Crime and Justice Surveys have been conducted. Up to 2001, the BCS was conducted biennially. From April 2001, the Office for National Statistics took over the survey and it became the CSEW. Interviewing was then carried out continually and reported on in financial year cycles. The crime reference period was altered to accommodate this.

Secure Access CSEW data
In addition to the main survey, a series of questions covering drinking behaviour, drug use, self-offending, gangs and personal security, and intimate personal violence (IPV) (including stalking and sexual victimisation) are asked of adults via a laptop-based self-completion module (questions may vary over the years). Children aged 10-15 years also complete a separate self-completion questionnaire. The questionnaires are included in the main documentation, but the data are only available under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7280), not with the main study. In addition, from 2011 onwards, lower-level geographic variables are also available under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7311).

New methodology for capping the number of incidents from 2017-18
The CSEW datasets available from 2017-18 onwards are based on a new methodology of capping the number of incidents at the 98th percentile. Incidence variables names have remained consistent with previously supplied data but due to the fact they are based on the new 98th percentile cap, and old datasets are not, comparability has been lost with years prior to 2012-2013. More information can be found in the 2017-18 User Guide (see SN 8464) and the article ‘Improving victimisation estimates derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales’.

CSEW Historic back series – dataset update (March 2022)

From January 2019, all releases of crime statistics using CSEW data adopted a new methodology for measuring repeat victimisation (moving from a cap of 5 in the number of repeat incidents to tracking the 98th percentile value for major crime types).

To maintain a consistent approach across historic data, all datasets back to 2001 have been revised to the new methodology. The change affects all incident data and related fields. A “bolt-on” version of the data has been created for the 2001/02 to 2011/12 datasets. This “bolt-on” dataset contains only variables previously supplied impacted by the change in methodology. These datasets can be merged onto the existing BCS NVF and VF datasets. A template ‘merge’ SPSS syntax file is provided, which will need to be adapted for other software formats.

For the fourth edition...