Note: DPH is updating and streamlining the COVID-19 cases, deaths, and testing data. As of 6/27/2022, the data will be published in four tables instead of twelve.

The COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, and Tests by Day dataset contains cases and test data by date of sample submission. The death data are by date of death. This dataset is updated daily and contains information back to the beginning of the pandemic. The data can be found at https://data.ct.gov/Health-and-Human-Services/COVID-19-Cases-Deaths-and-Tests-by-Day/g9vi-2ahj.

The COVID-19 State Metrics dataset contains over 93 columns of data. This dataset is updated daily and currently contains information starting June 21, 2022 to the present. The data can be found at https://data.ct.gov/Health-and-Human-Services/COVID-19-State-Level-Data/qmgw-5kp6 .

The COVID-19 County Metrics dataset contains 25 columns of data. This dataset is updated daily and currently contains information starting June 16, 2022 to the present. The data can be found at https://data.ct.gov/Health-and-Human-Services/COVID-19-County-Level-Data/ujiq-dy22 .

The COVID-19 Town Metrics dataset contains 16 columns of data. This dataset is updated daily and currently contains information starting June 16, 2022 to the present. The data can be found at https://data.ct.gov/Health-and-Human-Services/COVID-19-Town-Level-Data/icxw-cada . To protect confidentiality, if a town has fewer than 5 cases or positive NAAT tests over the past 7 days, those data will be suppressed.

COVID-19 cases and associated deaths that have been reported among Connecticut residents, broken out by age group. All data in this report are preliminary; data for previous dates will be updated as new reports are received and data errors are corrected. Deaths reported to the either the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) or Department of Public Health (DPH) are included in the daily COVID-19 update.

Data are reported daily, with timestamps indicated in the daily briefings posted at: portal.ct.gov/coronavirus. Data are subject to future revision as reporting changes.

Starting in July 2020, this dataset will be updated every weekday.

Additional notes: A delay in the data pull schedule occurred on 06/23/2020. Data from 06/22/2020 was processed on 06/23/2020 at 3:30 PM. The normal data cycle resumed with the data for 06/23/2020.

A network outage on 05/19/2020 resulted in a change in the data pull schedule. Data from 5/19/2020 was processed on 05/20/2020 at 12:00 PM. Data from 5/20/2020 was processed on 5/20/2020 8:30 PM. The normal data cycle resumed on 05/20/2020 with the 8:30 PM data pull. As a result of the network outage, the timestamp on the datasets on the Open Data Portal differ from the timestamp in DPH's daily PDF reports.

Starting 5/10/2021, the date field will represent the date this data was updated on data.ct.gov. Previously the date the data was pulled by DPH was listed, which typically coincided with the date before the data was published on data.ct.gov. This change was made to standardize the COVID-19 data sets on data.ct.gov.

Effective June 28, 2023, this dataset will no longer be updated. Similar data are accessible from CDC WONDER (https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10-provisional.html).

Deaths involving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on ages 0-18 years in the United States.

Data for CDC’s COVID Data Tracker site on Rates of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Vaccination Status. Click 'More' for important dataset description and footnotes

Dataset and data visualization details: These data were posted on October 21, 2022, archived on November 18, 2022, and revised on February 22, 2023. These data reflect cases among persons with a positive specimen collection date through September 24, 2022, and deaths among persons with a positive specimen collection date through September 3, 2022.

Vaccination status: A person vaccinated with a primary series had SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected on a respiratory specimen collected ≥14 days after verifiably completing the primary series of an FDA-authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccine. An unvaccinated person had SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected on a respiratory specimen and has not been verified to have received COVID-19 vaccine. Excluded were partially vaccinated people who received at least one FDA-authorized vaccine dose but did not complete a primary series ≥14 days before collection of a specimen where SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen was detected. Additional or booster dose: A person vaccinated with a primary series and an additional or booster dose had SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected on a respiratory specimen collected ≥14 days after receipt of an additional or booster dose of any COVID-19 vaccine on or after August 13, 2021. For people ages 18 years and older, data are graphed starting the week including September 24, 2021, when a COVID-19 booster dose was first recommended by CDC for adults 65+ years old and people in certain populations and high risk occupational and institutional settings. For people ages 12-17 years, data are graphed starting the week of December 26, 2021, 2 weeks after the first recommendation for a booster dose for adolescents ages 16-17 years. For people ages 5-11 years, data are included starting the week of June 5, 2022, 2 weeks after the first recommendation for a booster dose for children aged 5-11 years. For people ages 50 years and older, data on second booster doses are graphed starting the week including March 29, 2022, when the recommendation was made for second boosters. Vertical lines represent dates when changes occurred in U.S. policy for COVID-19 vaccination (details provided above). Reporting is by primary series vaccine type rather than additional or booster dose vaccine type. The booster dose vaccine type may be different than the primary series vaccine type. ** Because data on the immune status of cases and associated deaths are unavailable, an additional dose in an immunocompromised person cannot be distinguished from a booster dose. This is a relevant consideration because vaccines can be less effective in this group. Deaths: A COVID-19–associated death occurred in a person with a documented COVID-19 diagnosis who died; health department staff reviewed to make a determination using vital records, public health investigation, or other data sources. Rates of COVID-19 deaths by vaccination status are reported based on when the patient was tested for COVID-19, not the date they died. Deaths usually occur up to 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Participating jurisdictions: Currently, these 31 health departments that regularly link their case surveillance to immunization information system data are included in these incidence rate estimates: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New York City (New York), North Carolina, Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, and West Virginia; 30 jurisdictions also report deaths among vaccinated and unvaccinated people. These jurisdictions represent 72% of the total U.S. population and all ten of the Health and Human Services Regions. Data on cases

Note: Data elements were retired from HERDS on 10/6/23 and this dataset was archived.

This dataset includes the cumulative number and percent of healthcare facility-reported fatalities for patients with lab-confirmed COVID-19 disease by reporting date and age group. This dataset does not include fatalities related to COVID-19 disease that did not occur at a hospital, nursing home, or adult care facility. The primary goal of publishing this dataset is to provide users with information about healthcare facility fatalities among patients with lab-confirmed COVID-19 disease.

The information in this dataset is also updated daily on the NYS COVID-19 Tracker at https://www.ny.gov/covid-19tracker.

The data source for this dataset is the daily COVID-19 survey through the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) Health Electronic Response Data System (HERDS). Hospitals, nursing homes, and adult care facilities are required to complete this survey daily. The information from the survey is used for statewide surveillance, planning, resource allocation, and emergency response activities. Hospitals began reporting for the HERDS COVID-19 survey in March 2020, while Nursing Homes and Adult Care Facilities began reporting in April 2020. It is important to note that fatalities related to COVID-19 disease that occurred prior to the first publication dates are also included.

The fatality numbers in this dataset are calculated by assigning age groups to each patient based on the patient age, then summing the patient fatalities within each age group, as of each reporting date. The statewide total fatality numbers are calculated by summing the number of fatalities across all age groups, by reporting date. The fatality percentages are calculated by dividing the number of fatalities in each age group by the statewide total number of fatalities, by reporting date. The fatality numbers represent the cumulative number of fatalities that have been reported as of each reporting date.

Age-standardised mortality rates for deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19), non-COVID-19 deaths and all deaths by vaccination status, broken down by age group.

Data for CDC’s COVID Data Tracker site on Rates of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Vaccination Status. Click 'More' for important dataset description and footnotes

Dataset and data visualization details: These data were posted on October 21, 2022, archived on November 18, 2022, and revised on February 22, 2023. These data reflect cases among persons with a positive specimen collection date through September 24, 2022, and deaths among persons with a positive specimen collection date through September 3, 2022.

Vaccination status: A person vaccinated with a primary series had SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected on a respiratory specimen collected ≥14 days after verifiably completing the primary series of an FDA-authorized or approved COVID-19 vaccine. An unvaccinated person had SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected on a respiratory specimen and has not been verified to have received COVID-19 vaccine. Excluded were partially vaccinated people who received at least one FDA-authorized vaccine dose but did not complete a primary series ≥14 days before collection of a specimen where SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen was detected. Additional or booster dose: A person vaccinated with a primary series and an additional or booster dose had SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen detected on a respiratory specimen collected ≥14 days after receipt of an additional or booster dose of any COVID-19 vaccine on or after August 13, 2021. For people ages 18 years and older, data are graphed starting the week including September 24, 2021, when a COVID-19 booster dose was first recommended by CDC for adults 65+ years old and people in certain populations and high risk occupational and institutional settings. For people ages 12-17 years, data are graphed starting the week of December 26, 2021, 2 weeks after the first recommendation for a booster dose for adolescents ages 16-17 years. For people ages 5-11 years, data are included starting the week of June 5, 2022, 2 weeks after the first recommendation for a booster dose for children aged 5-11 years. For people ages 50 years and older, data on second booster doses are graphed starting the week including March 29, 2022, when the recommendation was made for second boosters. Vertical lines represent dates when changes occurred in U.S. policy for COVID-19 vaccination (details provided above). Reporting is by primary series vaccine type rather than additional or booster dose vaccine type. The booster dose vaccine type may be different than the primary series vaccine type. ** Because data on the immune status of cases and associated deaths are unavailable, an additional dose in an immunocompromised person cannot be distinguished from a booster dose. This is a relevant consideration because vaccines can be less effective in this group. Deaths: A COVID-19–associated death occurred in a person with a documented COVID-19 diagnosis who died; health department staff reviewed to make a determination using vital records, public health investigation, or other data sources. Rates of COVID-19 deaths by vaccination status are reported based on when the patient was tested for COVID-19, not the date they died. Deaths usually occur up to 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Participating jurisdictions: Currently, these 31 health departments that regularly link their case surveillance to immunization information system data are included in these incidence rate estimates: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New York City (New York), North Carolina, Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, and West Virginia; 30 jurisdictions also report deaths among vaccinated and unvaccinated people. These jurisdictions represent 72% of the total U.S. population and all ten of the Health and Human Services Regions. Data on cases among people who received additional or booster doses were reported from 31 jurisdictions; 30 jurisdictions also reported data on deaths among people who received one or more additional or booster dose; 28 jurisdictions reported cases among people who received two or more additional or booster doses; and 26 jurisdictions reported deaths among people who received two or more additional or booster doses. This list will be updated as more jurisdictions participate. Incidence rate estimates: Weekly age-specific incidence rates by vaccination status were calculated as the number of cases or deaths divided by the number of people vaccinated with a primary series, overall or with/without a booster dose (cumulative) or unvaccinated (obtained by subtracting the cumulative number of people vaccinated with a primary series and partially vaccinated people from the 2019 U.S. intercensal population estimates) and multiplied by 100,000. Overall incidence rates were age-standardized using the 2000 U.S. Census standard population. To estimate population counts for ages 6 months through 1 year, half of the single-year population counts for ages 0 through 1 year were used. All rates are plotted by positive specimen collection date to reflect when incident infections occurred. For the primary series analysis, age-standardized rates include ages 12 years and older from April 4, 2021 through December 4, 2021, ages 5 years and older from December 5, 2021 through July 30, 2022 and ages 6 months and older from July 31, 2022 onwards. For the booster dose analysis, age-standardized rates include ages 18 years and older from September 19, 2021 through December 25, 2021, ages 12 years and older from December 26, 2021, and ages 5 years and older from June 5, 2022 onwards. Small numbers could contribute to less precision when calculating death rates among some groups. Continuity correction: A continuity correction has been applied to the denominators by capping the percent population coverage at 95%. To do this, we assumed that at least 5% of each age group would always be unvaccinated in each jurisdiction. Adding this correction ensures that there is always a reasonable denominator for the unvaccinated population that would prevent incidence and death rates from growing unrealistically large due to potential overestimates of vaccination coverage. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs): IRRs for the past one month were calculated by dividing the average weekly incidence rates among unvaccinated people by that among people vaccinated with a primary series either overall or with a booster dose. Publications: Scobie HM, Johnson AG, Suthar AB, et al. Monitoring Incidence of COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths, by Vaccination Status — 13 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–July 17, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:1284–1290. Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, et al. COVID-19 Incidence and Death Rates Among Unvaccinated and Fully Vaccinated Adults with and Without Booster Doses During Periods of Delta and Omicron Variant Emergence — 25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4–December 25, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:132–138

Abstract Objectives: to characterize school-aged children, adolescents, and young people’s profile and their associations with positive COVID-19 test results. Methods: an observational and descriptive study of secondary data from the COVID-19 Panel in Espírito Santo State in February to August 2020. People suspected of COVID-19, in the 0–19-years old age group, were included in order to assess clinical data and demographic and epidemiological factors associated with the disease. Results: in the study period, 27,351 COVID-19 notification were registered in children, adolescents, and young people. The highest COVID-19 test confirmation was found in Caucasians and were 5-14 years age group. It was also observed that headache was the symptom with the highest test confirmation. Infection in people with disabilities was more frequent in the confirmed cases. The confirmation of cases occurred in approximately 80% of the notified registrations and 0.3% of the confirmed cases, died. Conclusion: children with confirmed diagnosis for COVID-19 have lower mortality rates, even though many were asymptomatic. To control the chain of transmission and reduce morbidity and mortality rates, it was necessaryto conduct more comprehensive research and promote extensive testing in the population.

Examples of the different approaches to mitigate transmission of COVID-19 and provide information to children about COVID-19 (coronavirus) within the participating countries during the time of the study.

Provisional counts of the number of deaths registered in England and Wales, by age, sex, region and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), in the latest weeks for which data are available.

IntroductionRecent reviews summarize evidence that some vaccines have heterologous or non-specific effects (NSE), potentially offering protection against multiple pathogens. Numerous economic evaluations examine vaccines' pathogen-specific effects, but less than a handful focus on NSE. This paper addresses that gap by reporting economic evaluations of the NSE of oral polio vaccine (OPV) against under-five mortality and COVID-19.Materials and methodsWe studied two settings: (1) reducing child mortality in a high-mortality setting (Guinea-Bissau) and (2) preventing COVID-19 in India. In the former, the intervention involves three annual campaigns in which children receive OPV incremental to routine immunization. In the latter, a susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model was developed to estimate the population benefits of two scenarios, in which OPV would be co-administered alongside COVID-19 vaccines. Incremental cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost ratios were modeled for ranges of intervention effectiveness estimates to supplement the headline numbers and account for heterogeneity and uncertainty.ResultsFor child mortality, headline cost-effectiveness was $650 per child death averted. For COVID-19, assuming OPV had 20% effectiveness, incremental cost per death averted was $23,000–65,000 if it were administered simultaneously with a COVID-19 vaccine

BackgroundDespite children and young people (CYP) having a low risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, there is still a degree of uncertainty related to their risk in the context of immunodeficiency or immunosuppression, primarily due to significant reporting bias in most studies, as CYP characteristically experience milder or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and the severe outcomes tend to be overestimated.MethodsA comprehensive systematic review to identify globally relevant studies in immunosuppressed CYP and CYP in general population (defined as younger than 25 years of age) up to 31 October 2021 (to exclude vaccinated populations) was performed. Studies were included if they reported the two primary outcomes of our study, admission to intensive therapy unit (ITU) and mortality, while data on other outcomes, such as hospitalization and need for mechanical ventilation were also collected. A meta-analysis estimated the pooled proportion for each severe COVID-19 outcome, using the inverse variance method. Random effects models were used to account for interstudy heterogeneity.FindingsThe systematic review identified 30 eligible studies for each of the two populations investigated: immunosuppressed CYP (n = 793) and CYP in general population (n = 102,022). Our meta-analysis found higher estimated prevalence for hospitalization (46% vs. 16%), ITU admission (12% vs. 2%), mechanical ventilation (8% vs. 1%), and increased mortality due to severe COVID-19 infection (6.5% vs. 0.2%) in immunocompromised CYP compared with CYP in general population. This shows an overall trend for more severe outcomes of COVID-19 infection in immunocompromised CYP, similar to adult studies.InterpretationThis is the only up-to-date meta-analysis in immunocompromised CYP with high global relevance, which excluded reports from hospitalized cohorts alone and included 35% studies from low- and middle-income countries. Future research is required to characterize individual subgroups of immunocompromised patients, as well as impact of vaccination on severe COVID-19 outcomes.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO identifier, CRD42021278598.

RECOVERY is a randomised trial investigating whether treatment with Lopinavir-Ritonavir, Hydroxychloroquine, Corticosteroids, Azithromycin, Colchicine, IV Immunoglobulin (children only), Convalescent plasma, Casirivimab+Imdevimab, Tocilizumab, Aspirin, Baricitinib, Infliximab, Empagliflozin, Sotrovimab, Molnupiravir, Paxlovid or Anakinra (children only) prevents death in patients with COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is not usually associated with significant adverse effects. However, in this study, we report a fetal death associated with mild COVID-19 in a 34-week-pregnant woman. The virus was detected in the placenta and in an unprecedented way in several fetal tissues. Placental abnormalities (MRI and anatomopathological study) were consistent with intense vascular malperfusion, probably the cause of fetal death. Lung histopathology also showed signs of inflammation, which could have been a contributory factor. Monitoring inflammatory response and coagulation in high-risk pregnant women with COVID-19 may prevent unfavorable outcomes, as shown in this case.

Rank, number of deaths, percentage of deaths, and age-specific mortality rates for the leading causes of death, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

Number of deaths and age-specific mortality rates for selected grouped causes, by age group and sex, 2000 to most recent year.

This data is a subset of the Smart Discharges Uganda Under 5 years parent study and is specific to the Phase I observation cohort of children aged 0-6 months collected during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Objective(s): Used as part of the Smart Discharge prediction modelling for adverse outcomes such as post-discharge death and readmission. Data Description: All data were collected at the point of care using encrypted study tablets and these data were then uploaded to a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database hosted at the BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute (Vancouver, Canada). At admission, trained study nurses systematically collected data on clinical, social and demographic variables. Following discharge, field officers contacted caregivers at 2 and 4 months by phone, and in-person at 6 months, to determine vital status, post-discharge health-seeking, and readmission details. Verbal autopsies were conducted for children who had died following discharge. . Data Processing: Created z-scores for anthropometry variables using height and weight according to WHO cutoff. Distance to hospital was calculated using latitude and longitude. Extra symptom and diagnosis categories were created based on text field in these two variables. BCS score was created by summing all individual components. Limitations: There are missing dates and the admission, discharge, and readmission dates are not in order. Ethics Declaration: This study was approved by the Mbarara University of Science and Technology Research Ethics Committee (No. 15/10-16), the Uganda National Institute of Science and Technology (HS 2207), and the University of British Columbia / Children & Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia Research Ethics Board (H16-02679). This manuscript adheres to the guidelines for STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). NOTE for restricted files: If you are not yet a CoLab member, please complete our membership application survey to gain access to restricted files within 2 business days. Some files may remain restricted to CoLab members. These files are deemed more sensitive by the file owner and are meant to be shared on a case-by-case basis. Please contact the CoLab coordinator at sepsiscolab@bcchr.ca or visit our website.

We have developed a guidance for managing COVID-19. This guidance is for: health professionals who manage clinical care, and infection prevention and control within health care facilities, health professionals who develop public health advice, policies and programs, and a broad range of sectors, including: industry, youth and child care settings, community-based services (for example, services for homeless people), death services and faith community leaders.

On behalf of the Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, the opinion research institute forsa has regularly conducted representative population surveys on the subject of the ´Corona crisis´ (COVID-19) from calendar week 12/2020. The individual question areas were adapted according to the survey period. Credibility of information provided by the federal government on the corona crisis; assessment of current political measures to contain the coronavirus (appropriate, go too far or do not go far enough); vaccination status: Received first vaccination against the Corona virus, already fully vaccinated or not yet vaccinated; willingness to be vaccinated against the Corona virus; own children aged 12-17; willingness in principle to have own children aged 12-17 vaccinated against the Corona virus; Corona warning app installed and used on smartphone in the last few weeks, app installed but deleted in the meantime or never installed; reasons why the Corona warning app has not been installed so far; knowledge of the new functions of the Corona warning app (anonymous check-in via QR code, display of results of rapid tests, display of digital proof of vaccination); use of these new functions; likelihood of (also) using the Corona warning app in the future. Demography: sex; age (grouped); employment; education; net household income (grouped); party preference in the next general election; voting behaviour in the last general election. Additionally coded: region; federal state; weight. Im Auftrag des Presse- und Informationsamts der Bundesregierung hat das Meinungsforschungsinstitut forsa ab Kalenderwoche 12/2020 regelmäßig repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragungen zum Thema ´Corona-Krise´ (COVID-19) durchgeführt. Die einzelnen Fragegebiete wurden je nach Befragungszeitraum angepasst. Glaubwürdigkeit der Informationen der Bundesregierung zur Corona-Krise; Bewertung der aktuellen politischen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung des Coronavirus (angemessen, gehen zu weit oder gehen nicht weit genug); Impfstatus: Erstimpfung gegen das Coronavirus erhalten, bereits vollständig geimpft oder noch nicht geimpft; Bereitschaft zur Impfung gegen das Coronavirus; eigene Kinder im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren; grundsätzliche Bereitschaft eigene Kinder im Alter zwischen 12 und 17 Jahren gegen das Coronavirus impfen zu lassen; Corona-Warn-App in den letzten Wochen auf dem Smartphone installiert und genutzt, App installiert aber zwischenzeitlich gelöscht oder nie installiert; Gründe, warum die Corona-Warn-App bisher nicht installiert wurde; Kenntnis der neuen Funktionen der Corona-Warn-App (anonymes Einchecken mittels QR-Code, Anzeigen der Ergebnisse von Schnelltests, Anzeigen des digitalen Impfnachweises); Nutzung dieser neuen Funktionen; Wahrscheinlichkeit, die Corona-Warn-App (auch) zukünftig zu nutzen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter (gruppiert); Erwerbstätigkeit; Schulabschluss; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen (gruppiert); Parteipräferenz bei der nächsten Bundestagswahl; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Bundestagswahl. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Region; Bundesland; Gewicht.

Anchor Persons: Face-to-face interview with standardized questionnaire (CAPI and CASI for sensitive topics); incentive of 10€ cash per realized interview in waves 1 to 8. Since 9th wave 15€ cash incentive. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the survey mode was changed to computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) in late April 2020 (wave 12), with an additional postal questionnaire (PAPI) covering sensitive topics. Wave 13 offered the possibility to conduct the anchor interview via CATI plus PAPI as an alternative to CAPI throughout the entire fielding period. The 14th survey wave already marks the transition to the project "FReDA - The German Family Demography Panel Study" . Consequently, a planned change in the survey mode took place for many respondents: Most anchor persons were invited by mail (with an unconditional incentive of 5€ in cash) to participate in an online survey (CAWI). Half of the respondents had a QR code printed on the cover letter. If participation was still not successful after a reminder letter, a paper questionnaire was sent with another reminder letter as an alternative to online participation. Only 1,200 anchor persons - as a control group - were still scheduled for a CAPI survey. The questionnaire for wave 14 was significantly shortened compared to the previous waves. Partner: Paper-and-pencil interview with standardized questionnaire (Drop-Off); incentive of 5€ lottery ticket per completed questionnaire in waves 1 to 6. Since 7th wave 5€ cash incentive. Parenting: Paper-and-pencil interview with standardized questionnaire (Drop-Off), additional information provided by anchor persons and partners about their surveyed children Parents: Mail survey with standardized questionnaire; incentive of 5€ lottery ticket per completed questionnaire in waves 1 to 6. Since 7th wave 5€ cash incentive. Grant parents interviewed in wave 8, no interviews at all since wave 9 Children: Face-to-face interview with standardized questionnaire (CAPI); incentive of 5€ cash per realized interview. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the survey mode was changed to computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) in late April 2020 (wave 12). Wave 13 offered the possibility to conduct the child interview via CATI as an alternative to CAPI throughout the entire fielding period. Sensitive questions (CASI section) were skipped if children were interviewed via CATI. In the 14th wave of the survey, children of anchor persons who had participated via CAWI or PAPI (i.e., without an interviewer) were interviewed by telephone (CATI). Ankerpersonen: Mündliche Befragung mit standardisiertem Frageprogramm (CAPI und CASI für sensible Themenbereiche); Anreiz von 10€ bar pro erfolgtem Interview in Welle 1-8. Ab Welle 9 15€ Anreiz. Aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde der Befragungsmodus Ende April 2020 im Rahmen der Welle 12 auf eine computergestützte telefonische Befragung (CATI-Modus) umgestellt mit einer zusätzlichen schriftlichen Befragung (PAPI) für sensible Themenbereiche. Für die Interviews der 13. Erhebungswelle konnte während des gesamten Feldverlaufs zwischen CAPI-/CASI- oder CATI-/PAPI-Modus gewählt werden. Die 14. Erhebungswelle markiert bereits den Übergang zum Projekt „FReDA – Das familiendemografische Panel“ . Infolgedessen erfolgte für viele Befragungspersonen ein geplanter Umstieg im Erhebungsmodus: Die meisten Ankerpersonen wurden postalisch (mit einem unbedingten Incentive von 5€ in bar) eingeladen an einer Online-Befragung (CAWI) teilzunehmen. Bei der Hälfte der Befragten war ein QR-Code auf dem Anschreiben aufgedruckt. Erfolgte nach einem Erinnerungsschreiben noch keine Teilnahme, wurde mit einem weiteren Erinnerungsschreiben ein Papierfragebogen als Alternative zur Online-Teilnahme verschickt. Lediglich 1.200 Ankerpersonen waren – als Kontrollgruppe – weiterhin für eine CAPI-Befragung vorgesehen. Das Frageprogramm der Welle 14 wurde gegenüber den Vorwellen deutlich gekürzt. Partner: Schriftliche Befragung mit standardisiertem Fragebogen (Drop-Off); Anreiz von 5€-Lotterielos pro ausgefüllten Fragebogen in Welle 1-6. Ab Welle 7 Anreiz von 5€ in bar. Erziehung: Schriftliche Befragung mit standardisiertem Fragebogen (Drop-Off), Zusatzangaben von Ankerpersonen und Partner zu den befragten Kindern im Haushalt Eltern: Postalische Befragung mit standardisiertem Fragebogen; Anreiz von 5€-Lotterielos pro ausgefüllten Fragebogen in Welle 1-6 (ab 7. Welle 5€ in bar). Großelternbefragung in Welle 8, keine Befragung mehr seit Welle 9 Kinder: Mündliche Befragung mit standardisiertem Frageprogramm (CAPI) Anreiz von 5€ bar pro erfolgtem Interview. Aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie wurde der Befragungsmodus im März 2020 im Rahmen der Welle 12 auf eine computergestützte telefonische Befragung (CATI-Modus) umgestellt. Für die Interviews der 13. Erhebungswelle konnte während des gesamten Feldverlaufs zwischen CAPI-/CASI- oder CATI-Modus gewählt werden. Im Falle einer telefonischen Befragung entfielen die sensiblen Fragen, die bei der persönlichen Befragung Teil des CASI-Moduls waren. Im Rahmen der 14. Erhebungswelle wurden Kinder von Ankerpersonen, die per CAWI oder PAPI (d.h. ohne Interviewer*in) teilnahmen, per Telefon (CATI) befragt.

IntroductionWe compared hospitalization outcomes of young children hospitalized with COVID-19 to those hospitalized with influenza in the United States.MethodsPatients aged 0-<5 years hospitalized with an admission diagnosis of acute COVID-19 (April 2021-March 2022) or influenza (April 2019-March 2020) were selected from the PINC AI Healthcare Database Special Release. Hospitalization outcomes included length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, oxygen supplementation, and mechanical ventilation (MV). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for confounders in logistic regression analyses.ResultsAmong children hospitalized with COVID-19 (n = 4,839; median age: 0 years), 21.3% had an ICU admission, 19.6% received oxygen supplementation, 7.9% received MV support, and 0.5% died. Among children hospitalized with influenza (n = 4,349; median age: 1 year), 17.4% were admitted to the ICU, 26.7% received oxygen supplementation, 7.6% received MV support, and 0.3% died. Compared to children hospitalized with influenza, those with COVID-19 were more likely to have an ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.48). However, children with COVID-19 were less likely to receive oxygen supplementation (aOR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.64–0.78), have a prolonged LOS (aOR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75–0.88), or a prolonged ICU stay (aOR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.46–0.68). The likelihood of receiving MV was similar (aOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.1).ConclusionsHospitalized children with either SARS-CoV-2 or influenza had severe complications including ICU admission and oxygen supplementation. Nearly 10% received MV support. Both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza have the potential to cause severe illness in young children.