During the fourth quarter of 2023, the number of daily active users on Facebook reached 2.1 billion, a minor increase on the previous quarter. When compared with the number of daily active users in the final quarter of 2022, the platform has gained around 100 million users. Facebook’s penetration rate for the United States in 2023 was 72.13 percent, up from 71.43 percent in 2022. The social network’s audience reach is projected to stand at 75.79 percent by 2027.

Most popular social media websites

As of May 2021, Facebook was the most used social media site in the United States, accounting for 71.8 percent of all social media visits. Ranking in second place was Pinterest with 12.4 percent, followed by Twitter and Instagram, with 9.15 percent and 3.82 percent, respectively. Although other sites remain popular, Facebook’s number of visits made it undoubtably the leading social media platform in terms of social media site visits.

For Generation Z and Millennials in the United States, Facebook was one of the least popular platforms used to connect with others. Gen Z and Millennials preferred video sharing platforms, specifically Snapchat, TikTok and YouTube.

Meta’s revenue

Facebook Inc was renamed as Meta in 2021, in a strategic step toward the metaverse. Meta Platforms is now the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp amongst others, together being known as Meta’s Family of Apps.

Meta’s annual revenue for 2021 was 117.92 billion U.S. dollars, up from 85.97 billion in 2020. Within a decade, the company has increased its annual revenue by approximately 114 billion U.S. dollars. In the most recent fiscal year, Meta’s Family of Apps were responsible for over 115 billion U.S. dollars’ worth of Meta’s revenue.

This statistical dataset contains estimates on the number of active online Facebook users living outside of their country of origin within the European Union. The dataset includes information on Facebook users' age, gender, country of residence, and country of previous residence. The data is divided in the number of Monthly Active Users and Daily Active Users. The data was collected through standard CSV format via an advertising API platform by using an R Studio code, and the data collection was conducted twice a month from January to November 2021.

The dataset was originally published in DiVA and moved to SND in 2024.

This table includes platform data for Facebook participants in the Deactivation experiment. Each row of the dataset corresponds to data from a participant’s Facebook user account. Each column contains a value, or set of values, that aggregates log data for this specific participant over a certain period of time.

Context

Worldwide Social Media User in 2021 (Quarterly)

Acknowledgements

Facebook: https://www.statista.com/statistics/264810/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide/ Twitter: https://investor.twitterinc.com/home/default.aspx Instagram: https://investor.fb.com/home/default.aspx

As of April 2024, Facebook had an addressable ad audience reach 131.1 percent in Libya, followed by the United Arab Emirates with 120.5 percent and Mongolia with 116 percent. Additionally, the Philippines and Qatar had addressable ad audiences of 114.5 percent and 111.7 percent.

This fileset contains a series of screenshots taken from our facebook advertising account. A few days ago we noticed that some negative "SEO" tactics, for lack of a better term, were having a negative impact on the performance of ads and fan engagement on the facebook page that we've been building.

I developed a custom software package, which utilizes nueural networks I've developed, to identify a target demographic, and suggest advertising content for said target demographic.

After a short training period we were able to create advertisemsents on facebook that averaged a cost of 0.01 cents per like. We also had a fan page engagement of nearly 4 times that of major brands like Wal-Mart.

Shortly after we began to obtain success we started noticing problems with our page. Since we have a stalker issue, we determined that the issues with our page were likely related to him.

We assued this because we had a disproportinately high number of spammy, negative, and inapporpriate comments on our posts. Offline harassment of our staff by the stalker also increased significantly during this time.

Curiously, we believe that the incident with the stalker allowed us to ascertain some interesting observations about Facebook's algorithims, which I've outlined below.

We believe, after reseraching this issue, that Facebook's algorithims suffer from the following issues:

1. They are easily gamed. We think that Facebook's algorithims are hypersensitive to negative comments being made on a post, and conversely likely positive ones as well. If a post is hidden, the comments are negative, or if a user interacts with the post negatively in some way, then Facebook's algorithims will "punish" your page.

2. We think that a series of scripted fake bot accounts would easily cause the issues that we've been expriencing.

As you can see from the data provided, over 90% of our likes come from paid facebook advertisement, therefore we do not have a significant number of fake accounts on our page brought in by third party advertising because we didn't do any of that.

Moreover, we did not send any of our fans obtained via mailing lists, or offline contact to our facebook page, those fans participate with us via email and/or through our private Google+ community.

So it is safe to say that our problems have not been caused by purchasing a large amount of fake likes from any third party vendor.

In addition, because our likes were gained very quickly, at a rate of about 2.5k likes a day, we do not believe that we have suffered from changes in the general demographic of our Facebook fan base over time.

Yet almost immediately after we started expericing trolling issues with our page, we also noticed a dip in the number of fans our posts were shown to by Facebook, and the performance of our ads began to go down, even though the content on our page had not changed.

We attributed this to holes in Facebook's algorithims, and potentially to the excessive use of fake bot accounts by Facebook itself.

We cannot prove the latter satement, but there have been similar reports before. Reference - http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2012/08/01/facebook-investigating-claims-that-80-of-ad-clicks-come-from-bots/

This article from Forbes outlines how one startup company repoted that up to 80% of their Facebook likes were fake bot accounts even though they paid for advertising directly through Facebook.

Our reserach suggests that Facebook's advertising platform functions as follows: - An advertiser pays for likes with Facebook, and the quality of the content on their page is initially assessed by those who are liking the page, but once the page obtains a following, we believe that the quality of the content is assessed by how many people like the posts on the page directly after they are posted.

If a post gets hidden, marked as spammed, skipped over, whatever, then we beleive that Facebook kicks that post out of the newsfeeds. If this happens to a significant number of posts on the page, then we believe that Facebook places the page on an advertising black-list.

Once on this black-list ads will begin to perform poorly, and content will drop out of newsfeeds causing even the most active page to go silent.

We tested this by posting pictures of attractive blond women, which with our demographic would have normally obtained a large number of likes and we struggled to get even 10 likes at over 20k page likes when we would have previosuly obtained almost 100 likes without boosting at only 5k page likes.

Why this probably isn't seen more often: In most cases this probably takes a while to occur as pages become old and fans grow bored, but in our case, because we have a stalker trolling our page with what appears to be hundres of scripted bot accounts, the effect was seen immediately.

Our data suggests that it became a tug of war between our stalker's army of fake bot accounts (making spammy comments, hiding our posts from newsfeeds, etc) and the real fans that actually like our page (who were voting our conent up - i.e. liking it, etc).

If you look at the graph of page likes in the figures provided - you can see that the darker purple are the fans we obtained via facebook advertising, well over 90%. We believe that the light purple (the "organic" fans) is mostly comprised of our stalker's fake drone accounts. We have less than 20 family members and friends liking our page, when we began this experiment we asked them not to interact with our page or the content.

In conclusion: We still have a lot more work to do, but it is highly likely that many Facebook likes are either scripted bots, and/or that Facebook's "weighting" algorithims are very suceptible to gaming via negative "SEO" tactics. Conversely, they are likely sensitive to gaming via positive "SEO" tactics as well.

Of course we cannot say for certain where the Facebook accounts that like a page come from without acess to their internal systems, but the evidence does strongly suggest that Facebook might be plagued with a large quantity of bot accounts, and that their algorithim has to be sensitive to actions from live users, so that the quality of the content can be easily ascertained. Otherwise it would be pretty easy for an advertiser to game Facebook's system by paying for, and getting, a large quantity of likes for content that is not appealing to any significant group of people.

Again we have to reiterate that we have no solid proof of this, but our data strongly suggests that this is the case.

We have reported the issues to Facebook, but interestingly, after we made it clear that we were going to analyze and investigate the issues with our page, we have been suddenly and incessently plagued with a never ending stream of "technical difficulties" related to our advertising account.

If you'd like to collaborate on this project, please feel free to email me at Jamie@ITSmoleculardesign.com.

This Monthly Active Population (MAP) dataset contains aggregated Facebook interactions for adult US monthly active users.

The metrics in this dataset measure users who engaged with posts with links to civic news URLs and the volume of their engagement. The dataset contains URL-level metrics from Facebook activity data for adult U.S. monthly active users, aggregated over the study period. Includes content views, audience size, content attributes, user attributes.

As of April 2024, it was found that men between the ages of 25 and 34 years made up Facebook largest audience, accounting for 18.4 percent of global users. Additionally, Facebook's second largest audience base could be found with men aged 18 to 24 years.

              Facebook connects the world

              Founded in 2004 and going public in 2012, Facebook is one of the biggest internet companies in the world with influence that goes beyond social media. It is widely considered as one of the Big Four tech companies, along with Google, Apple, and Amazon (all together known under the acronym GAFA). Facebook is the most popular social network worldwide and the company also owns three other billion-user properties: mobile messaging apps WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger,
              as well as photo-sharing app Instagram. Facebook usersThe vast majority of Facebook users connect to the social network via mobile devices. This is unsurprising, as Facebook has many users in mobile-first online markets. Currently, India ranks first in terms of Facebook audience size with 378 million users. The United States, Brazil, and Indonesia also all have more than 100 million Facebook users each.

This dataset measures the ideological segregation index and favorability score of the potential, exposed and engaged audience of posts with links to domains and URLs classified as civic news. The dataset contains domain- and URL-level metrics from Facebook activity data for adult U.S. monthly active users, aggregated weekly over the study period. Includes ideological segregation index, favorability score, content attributes, user attributes.

The metrics in this dataset measure users who viewed posts with links to civic news URLs. The dataset contains URL-level metrics from Facebook activity data for adult U.S. monthly active users, aggregated over the study period. Includes content views, audience size, content attributes, user attributes.

1) Data Introduction • The Social Media Usage Dataset(Applications) features patterns and activity indicators that 1,000 users use seven major social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

2) Data Utilization (1) Social Media Usage Dataset(Applications) has characteristics that: • This dataset provides different social media activity data for each user, including daily usage time, number of posts, number of likes received, and number of new followers. (2) Social Media Usage Dataset(Applications) can be used to: • Analysis of User Participation by Platform: You can analyze participation and popular trends by platform by comparing usage time and activity for each social media. • Establish marketing strategy: Based on user activity data, it can be used for targeted marketing, content production, and user retention strategies.

Context: This dataset offers insights into the usage patterns of social media apps for 1,000 users across seven popular platforms: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok, LinkedIn, and Pinterest. It tracks various metrics such as daily time spent on the app, number of posts made, likes received, and new followers gained.

Dataset Features:

User_ID: Unique identifier for each user. App: The social media platform being used. Daily_Minutes_Spent: Total time a user spends on the app each day, ranging from 5 to 500 minutes. Posts_Per_Day: Number of posts a user creates per day, ranging from 0 to 20. Likes_Per_Day: Total number of likes a user receives on their posts each day, ranging from 0 to 200. Follows_Per_Day: The number of new followers a user gains daily, ranging from 0 to 50. Context & Use Cases: This dataset could be particularly useful for social media analysts, digital marketers, or researchers interested in understanding user engagement trends across different platforms. It provides insights into how much time users spend, how actively they post, and the level of engagement they receive (in terms of likes and followers).

Conclusion & Outcome: Analyzing this dataset could yield several outcomes:

Engagement Patterns: Identifying which platforms have higher engagement in terms of time spent or likes received. Active Users: Determining which users are the most active across various platforms based on the number of posts and followers gained. User Retention: Studying the correlation between time spent and follower growth, providing insight into user retention strategies for different platforms. Overall, the dataset allows for exploration of social media usage trends and helps drive decision-making for marketing strategies, content creation, and platform engagement.

Descriptive statistics of social media use of Facebook users and Facebook non-users.

The metrics in this dataset measure users who potentially viewed posts with links to civic news URLs that were shared by one of their connections. The dataset contains URL-level metrics from Facebook activity data for adult U.S. monthly active users, aggregated over the study period. Includes potential audience size, content attributes, user attributes, political interest.

Context

This dataset contains daily stock data for Meta Platforms, Inc. (META), formerly Facebook Inc., from May 19, 2012, to January 20, 2025. It offers a comprehensive view of Meta’s stock performance and market fluctuations during a period of significant growth, acquisitions, and technological advancements. This dataset is valuable for financial analysis, market prediction, machine learning projects, and evaluating the impact of Meta’s business decisions on its stock price.

Content

The dataset includes the following key features:

Open: Stock price at the start of the trading day. High: Highest stock price during the trading day. Low: Lowest stock price during the trading day. Close: Stock price at the end of the trading day. Adj Close: Adjusted closing price, accounting for corporate actions like stock splits, dividends, and other financial adjustments. Volume: Total number of shares traded during the trading day.

Variables

Date: The date of the trading day, formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. Open: The stock price at the start of the trading day. High: The highest price reached by the stock during the trading day. Low: The lowest price reached by the stock during the trading day. Close: The stock price at the end of the trading day. Adj Close: The adjusted closing price, which reflects corporate actions like stock splits and dividend payouts. Volume: The total number of shares traded on that specific day.

Acknowledgements

This dataset was sourced from reliable public APIs such as Yahoo Finance or Alpha Vantage. It is provided for educational and research purposes and is not affiliated with Meta Platforms, Inc. Users are encouraged to adhere to the terms of use of the original data provider.

Analysis of ‘Facebook Ad Campaign’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/madislemsalu/facebook-ad-campaign on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Simple Dataset from different marketing campaigns.

The total conversion number shows the total number of signups or installs for instance while approved conversions tells how many became actual active users.

Courtesy of Bunq.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The metrics in this dataset measure the audience size and views of posts with links to a specific pair of domains classified as civic news. The dataset contains domain-level metrics from Facebook activity data for adult U.S. monthly active users, aggregated over the study period. Includes content views, audience size, content attributes, user attributes, political interest.

Overview
The Controllable Multimodal Feedback Synthesis (CMFeed) Dataset is designed to enable the generation of sentiment-controlled feedback from multimodal inputs, including text and images. This dataset can be used to train feedback synthesis models in both uncontrolled and sentiment-controlled manners. Serving a crucial role in advancing research, the CMFeed dataset supports the development of human-like feedback synthesis, a novel task defined by the dataset's authors. Additionally, the corresponding feedback synthesis models and benchmark results are presented in the associated code and research publication.

Task Uniqueness: The task of controllable multimodal feedback synthesis is unique, distinct from LLMs and tasks like VisDial, and not addressed by multi-modal LLMs. LLMs often exhibit errors and hallucinations, as evidenced by their auto-regressive and black-box nature, which can obscure the influence of different modalities on the generated responses [Ref1; Ref2]. Our approach includes an interpretability mechanism, as detailed in the supplementary material of the corresponding research publication, demonstrating how metadata and multimodal features shape responses and learn sentiments. This controllability and interpretability aim to inspire new methodologies in related fields.

Data Collection and Annotation
Data was collected by crawling Facebook posts from major news outlets, adhering to ethical and legal standards. The comments were annotated using four sentiment analysis models: FLAIR, SentimentR, RoBERTa, and DistilBERT. Facebook was chosen for dataset construction because of the following factors:
• Facebook was chosen for data collection because it uniquely provides metadata such as news article link, post shares, post reaction, comment like, comment rank, comment reaction rank, and relevance scores, not available on other platforms.
• Facebook is the most used social media platform, with 3.07 billion monthly users, compared to 550 million Twitter and 500 million Reddit users. [Ref]
• Facebook is popular across all age groups (18-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65+), with at least 58% usage, compared to 6% for Twitter and 3% for Reddit. [Ref]. Trends are similar for gender, race, ethnicity, income, education, community, and political affiliation [Ref]
• The male-to-female user ratio on Facebook is 56.3% to 43.7%; on Twitter, it's 66.72% to 23.28%; Reddit does not report this data. [Ref]

Filtering Process: To ensure high-quality and reliable data, the dataset underwent two levels of filtering:
a) Model Agreement Filtering: Retained only comments where at least three out of the four models agreed on the sentiment.
b) Probability Range Safety Margin: Comments with a sentiment probability between 0.49 and 0.51, indicating low confidence in sentiment classification, were excluded.
After filtering, 4,512 samples were marked as XX. Though these samples have been released for the reader's understanding, they were not used in training the feedback synthesis model proposed in the corresponding research paper.

Dataset Description
• Total Samples: 61,734
• Total Samples Annotated: 57,222 after filtering.
• Total Posts: 3,646
• Average Likes per Post: 65.1
• Average Likes per Comment: 10.5
• Average Length of News Text: 655 words
• Average Number of Images per Post: 3.7

Components of the Dataset
The dataset comprises two main components:
• CMFeed.csv File: Contains metadata, comment, and reaction details related to each post.
• Images Folder: Contains folders with images corresponding to each post.

Data Format and Fields of the CSV File
The dataset is structured in CMFeed.csv file along with corresponding images in related folders. This CSV file includes the following fields:
• Id: Unique identifier
• Post: The heading of the news article.
• News_text: The text of the news article.
• News_link: URL link to the original news article.
• News_Images: A path to the folder containing images related to the post.
• Post_shares: Number of times the post has been shared.
• Post_reaction: A JSON object capturing reactions (like, love, etc.) to the post and their counts.
• Comment: Text of the user comment.
• Comment_like: Number of likes on the comment.
• Comment_reaction_rank: A JSON object detailing the type and count of reactions the comment received.
• Comment_link: URL link to the original comment on Facebook.
• Comment_rank: Rank of the comment based on engagement and relevance.
• Score: Sentiment score computed based on the consensus of sentiment analysis models.
• Agreement: Indicates the consensus level among the sentiment models, ranging from -4 (all negative) to 4 (all positive). 3 negative and 1 positive will result into -2 and 3 positives and 1 negative will result into +2.
• Sentiment_class: Categorizes the sentiment of the comment into 1 (positive) or 0 (negative).

More Considerations During Dataset Construction
We thoroughly considered issues such as the choice of social media platform for data collection, bias and generalizability of the data, selection of news handles/websites, ethical protocols, privacy and potential misuse before beginning data collection. While achieving completely unbiased and fair data is unattainable, we endeavored to minimize biases and ensure as much generalizability as possible. Building on these considerations, we made the following decisions about data sources and handling to ensure the integrity and utility of the dataset:

• Why not merge data from different social media platforms? We chose not to merge data from platforms such as Reddit and Twitter with Facebook due to the lack of comprehensive metadata, clear ethical guidelines, and control mechanisms—such as who can comment and whether users' anonymity is maintained—on these platforms other than Facebook. These factors are critical for our analysis. Our focus on Facebook alone was crucial to ensure consistency in data quality and format.

• Choice of four news handles: We selected four news handles—BBC News, Sky News, Fox News, and NY Daily News—to ensure diversity and comprehensive regional coverage. These news outlets were chosen for their distinct regional focuses and editorial perspectives: BBC News is known for its global coverage with a centrist view, Sky News offers geographically targeted and politically varied content learning center/right in the UK/EU/US, Fox News is recognized for its right-leaning content in the US, and NY Daily News provides left-leaning coverage in New York. Many other news handles such as NDTV, The Hindu, Xinhua, and SCMP are also large-scale but may contain information in regional languages such as Indian and Chinese, hence, they have not been selected. This selection ensures a broad spectrum of political discourse and audience engagement.

• Dataset Generalizability and Bias: With 3.07 billion of the total 5 billion social media users, the extensive user base of Facebook, reflective of broader social media engagement patterns, ensures that the insights gained are applicable across various platforms, reducing bias and strengthening the generalizability of our findings. Additionally, the geographic and political diversity of these news sources, ranging from local (NY Daily News) to international (BBC News), and spanning political spectra from left (NY Daily News) to right (Fox News), ensures a balanced representation of global and political viewpoints in our dataset. This approach not only mitigates regional and ideological biases but also enriches the dataset with a wide array of perspectives, further solidifying the robustness and applicability of our research.

• Dataset size and diversity: Facebook prohibits the automatic scraping of its users' personal data. In compliance with this policy, we manually scraped publicly available data. This labor-intensive process requiring around 800 hours of manual effort, limited our data volume but allowed for precise selection. We followed ethical protocols for scraping Facebook data , selecting 1000 posts from each of the four news handles to enhance diversity and reduce bias. Initially, 4000 posts were collected; after preprocessing (detailed in Section 3.1), 3646 posts remained. We then processed all associated comments, resulting in a total of 61734 comments. This manual method ensures adherence to Facebook’s policies and the integrity of our dataset.

Ethical considerations, data privacy and misuse prevention
The data collection adheres to Facebook’s ethical guidelines [<a href="https://developers.facebook.com/terms/"

The Multi-aspect Integrated Migration Indicators (MIMI) dataset is the result of the process of gathering, embedding and combining traditional migration datasets, mostly from sources like Eurostat and UNSD Demographic Statistics Database, and alternative types of data, which consists in multidisciplinary features and measures not typically employed in migration studies, such as the Facebook Social Connectedness Index (SCI). Its purpose is to exploit these novel types of data for: nowcasting migration flows and stocks, studying integration of multiple sources and knowledge, and investigating migration drivers.

The MIMI dataset is designed to have a unique pair of countries for each row. Each record contains country-to-country information about: migrations flows and stock their share, their strength of Facebook connectedness and other features, such as corresponding populations, GDP, coordinates, NET migration, and many others.

Methodology.

After having collected bilateral flows records about international human mobility by citizenship, residence and country of birth (available for both sexes and, in some cases, for different age groups), they have been merged together in order to obtain a unique dataset in which each ordered couple (country-of-origin, country-of-destination) appears once. To avoid duplicate couples, flow records have been selected by following this priority: first migration by citizenship, then migration by residence and lastly by country of birth.

The integration process started by choosing, collecting and meaningfully including many other indicators that could be helpful for the dataset final purpose mentioned above.

• International migration stocks (having a five-year range of measurement) for each couple of countries.
• Geographical features for each country: ISO3166 name and official name, ISO3166-1 alpha-2 and alpha-3 codes, continent code and name of belonging, latitude and longitude of the centroid, list of bordering countries, country area in square kilometres. Also, the following features have been included for each pair of countries: geodesic distance (in kilometres) computed between their respective centroids.

• Non-bidirectional migration measures for each country: total number of immigrants and emigrants for each year, NET migration and NET migration rate in a five-year range.

• Other multidisciplinary indicators (cultural, social, anthropological, demographical, historical features) related to each country: religion (single one or list), yearly GDP at PPP, spoken language (or list of languages), yearly population stocks (and population densities if available), number of Facebook users, percentage of Facebook users, cultural indicators (PDI, IDV, MAS, UAI, LTO). Also the following feature have been included for each pair of countries: Facebook Social Connectedness Index.

Once traditional and non-traditional knowledge is gathered and integrated, we move to the pre-processing phase where we manage the data cleaning, preparation and transformation. Here our dataset was subjected to various computational standard processes and additionally reshaped in the final structure established by our design choices.

The data quality assessment phase was one of the longest and most delicate, since many values were missing and this could have had a negative impact on the quality of the desired resulting knowledge. They have been integrated from additional sources such as The World Bank, World Population Review, Statista, DataHub, Wikipedia and in some cases extracted from Python libraries such as PyPopulation, CountryInfo and PyCountry.

The final dataset has the structure of a huge matrix having countries couples as index (uniquely identified by coupling their ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes): it comprises 28725 entries and 485 columns.