ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE - DP05 Universe - Total population Survey-Program - American Community Survey 5-year estimates Years - 2020, 2021, 2022 The terms “Hispanic,” “Latino,” and “Spanish” are used interchangeably. Some respondents identify with all three terms while others may identify with only one of these three specific terms. People who identify with the terms “Hispanic,” “Latino,” or “Spanish” are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish categories listed on the questionnaire (“Mexican, Mexican Am., or Chicano,” “Puerto Rican,” or “Cuban”) as well as those who indicate that they are “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin.” People who do not identify with one of the specific origins listed on the questionnaire but indicate that they are “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin” are those whose origins are from Spain, the Spanish-speaking countries of Central or South America, or another Spanish culture or origin. Origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before their arrival in the UnitedStates. People who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish may be of any race.

This data set includes annual counts and percentages of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees by primary language spoken (English, Spanish, and all other languages). Results are shown overall; by state; and by five subpopulation topics: race and ethnicity, age group, scope of Medicaid and CHIP benefits, urban or rural residence, and eligibility category. These results were generated using Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) Release 1 data and the Race/Ethnicity Imputation Companion File. This data set includes Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands who were enrolled for at least one day in the calendar year, except where otherwise noted. Enrollees in Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and select states with data quality issues with the primary language variable in TAF are not included. Results shown for the race and ethnicity subpopulation topic exclude enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results shown overall (where subpopulation topic is "Total enrollees") exclude enrollees younger than age 5 and enrollees in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Results for states with TAF data quality issues in the year have a value of "Unusable data." Some rows in the data set have a value of "DS," which indicates that data were suppressed according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ Cell Suppression Policy for values between 1 and 10. This data set is based on the brief: "Primary language spoken by the Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020." Enrollees are assigned to a primary language category based on their reported ISO language code in TAF (English/missing, Spanish, and all other language codes) (Primary Language). Enrollees are assigned to a race and ethnicity subpopulation using the state-reported race and ethnicity information in TAF when it is available and of good quality; if it is missing or unreliable, race and ethnicity is indirectly estimated using an enhanced version of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) (Race and ethnicity of the national Medicaid and CHIP population in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an age group subpopulation using age as of December 31st of the calendar year. Enrollees are assigned to the comprehensive benefits or limited benefits subpopulation according to the criteria in the "Identifying Beneficiaries with Full-Scope, Comprehensive, and Limited Benefits in the TAF" DQ Atlas brief. Enrollees are assigned to an urban or rural subpopulation based on the 2010 Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code associated with their home or mailing address ZIP code in TAF (Rural Medicaid and CHIP enrollees in 2020). Enrollees are assigned to an eligibility category subpopulation using their latest reported eligibility group code, CHIP code, and age in the calendar year. Please refer to the full brief for additional context about the methodology and detailed findings. Future updates to this data set will include more recent data years as the TAF data become available.

Abstract

The Race Relations Survey was a one-off survey conducted by Gallup in November 2018.

The Race Relations Survey includes topics that were previously represented in the Gallup Poll Social Series' Minority Rights and Relations Survey, which ran through 2016.

Methodology

The Race Relations Survey was a one-off survey that leveraged the same methodology as the Gallup Poll Social Series (GPSS). The Race Relations Survey duplicates many topics from the Gallup Poll Social Series' discontinued June survey, Minority Rights and Relations.

Gallup interviews a minimum of 1,000 U.S. adults aged 18 and older living in all 50 states and the District of Columbia using a dual-frame design, which includes both landline and cellphone numbers. Gallup samples landline and cellphone numbers using random-digit-dial methods. Gallup purchases samples for this study from Survey Sampling International (SSI). Gallup chooses landline respondents at random within each household based on which member had the next birthday. Each sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of 70% cellphone respondents and 30% landline respondents, with additional minimum quotas by time zone within region. Gallup conducts interviews in Spanish for respondents who are primarily Spanish-speaking.

Gallup weights samples to correct for unequal selection probability, nonresponse, and double coverage of landline and cellphone users in the two sampling frames. Gallup also weights its final samples to match the U.S. population according to gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, region, population density, and phone status (cellphone only, landline only, both, and cellphone mostly). Demographic weighting targets are based on the most recent Current Population Survey figures for the aged 18 and older U.S. population. Phone status targets are based on the most recent National Health Interview Survey. Population density targets are based on the most recent U.S. Census.

Usage

For more information about included variables and terms of use, please see

Supporting Files.

Bulk Data Access

Data access is required to view this section.

Bordering on Britishness is an oral history project on Gibraltarian identity funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council in association with the Garrison Library of Gibraltar (Govt. of Gibraltar) and the University of Essex. The project run for three and a half years and collected 331 oral histories from a wide range of people resident in Gibraltar and a smaller sample of people resident in Spain of Spanish origin. Interviews were conducted in English, Spanish, Italian and Moroccan Arabic. These oral histories vary in length from just under an hour to over four hours in length. The average length of interview was just under two hours. People were free to choose which language (or combination thereof) they wished to use in order to capture the way Gibraltarians speak (often switching between languages) as well as test the hypothesis that identity might be expressed differently depending on which language is used. The main object of the research was to trace changing Gibraltarian identities across the twentieth century and into the twenty first. Bordering on Britishness presented its findings in a final conference in Gibraltar on the 24th and 25th of February 2017, also available on the project website.Gibraltar’s border with Spain is one of the most contentious border issues within the European Union. Gibraltar continues to be a major issue in Anglo-Spanish relations and at its very heart are the Gibraltarians who articulate a clear identity which is often passionate in denying any Spanish identity. This sense of being Gibraltarian, British and not being Spanish has not, however, been an unvarying constant over time. There is no doubt that it is the attitudes of the Gibraltarians which are at the centre of the issue of sovereignty and yet it is remarkable how little Gibraltarians attitudes to themselves and their Spanish neighbours has been studied. Gibraltarians sense of who they are is consequently poorly understood and often reduced to a caricature of expatriate Britons. This research project will conduct extensive oral history interviews with at least 400 residents of Gibraltar (with a small sample from across the border) focusing on three key aspects which underline the process of identity formation: (1)the border, (2)ethnicity and religion, (3)language. Interviews will be conducted in English, Spanish, yanito (the local dialect), and Moroccan Arabic. The period covered will be from before WWII to the present day. Observation units: Individuals and Groups Method of data collection: Semi-structured Face-to-face interviews, Focus groups. In-depth surveys. Kind of data: Audio, textual, videos, images Universe: People aged 16-101 years, living in Gibraltar and La Línea. A totally of 416 people were interviewed or surveyed. The current population of Gibraltar is 33,000. Of these approximately 24,000 were either born in Gibraltar, married to Gibraltarians, of have resided for a significant period of time in Gibraltar. The project did not determine who was or was not Gibraltarian and left it to the interviewees to declare their own identity (which was sometimes multiple). Approximately 15% of this population was surveyed by the project. Sampling procedures: Volunteer sample: volunteers were invited to participate. 85 of the subjects surveyed were under the age of 18 and received consent from parents and their school to participate. This was achieved under the condition of absolute anonymity and that their individual responses would not be archived. Class: A serious attempt was made to make sure there was a representative distribution across class. This, however, proved to be very difficult because of exceptional class mobility in Gibraltar over the period surveyed. Nevertheless there was a serious attempt to ensure that there were representative samples from elite and non elite social groups by social status background. There were 48 interviews conducted with people born in Spain; 197 born in Gibraltar and 35 in the UK; 16 in Morocco and 3 in India. One person was born in each of Israel , Hungary, Egypt, Irelanda, Pakistan, Kenya, Portugal, Canada, The Netherlands. 22 did not say where they were born. Religious/ethnic minorities: Jews, Moroccan Muslims and Hindus were interviewed. We ensured that there was a least one RA from each of these. The largest of these groups represents 3% of the targeted population. These groups were thus oversampled in order to get sufficient representation within the groups; to ensure that these hitherto underrepresented groups were sufficiently represented; and to explore the nuances of identity in Gibraltar by a thorough sample of those with a ‘marked’ identity. Age: There was not an even distribution across age representative of the population as older people were privileged in the sample since the major focus of the project was to get an oral history of Gibraltar. Nevertheless, there were sample interviews across all age groups. For obvious reasons, however, oral history interviews tended to be longer with older people than younger. 84 people under the age were surveyed. This is an overrepresentation of this age group and was done through schools but they were surveyed rather than have their life stories recorded. Gender: There is an almost equal distribution of gender across all ethnic/religious/class categories: 47% women and 53% men. Method of data collection: Semi-structured Face-to-face interviews, Focus groups. In-depth surveys. Number of units: 337 people were interviewed and an additional 85 people under the age of 18 we subject to an in depth survey. 303 interview recordings undertaken in Gibraltar and La Línea are deposited. Formats are MP3 and WAV. 303 Oral History interview transcripts of recordings undertaken in Gibraltar and La Línea are deposited in word format.

Accumulating evidence indicates that unpredictable signals in early life represent a unique form of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) associated with disrupted neurodevelopmental trajectories in children and adolescents. The Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood (QUIC) was developed to assess early life unpredictability [1], encompassing social, emotional, and physical unpredictability in a child’s environment, and has been validated in three independent cohorts. However, the importance of identifying ACEs in diverse populations, including non-English speaking groups, necessitates translation of the QUIC. The current study aims to translate and validate a Spanish language version of the QUIC (QUIC-SP) and assess its associations with mental and physical health. Spanish-speaking participants (N = 285) were recruited via the online market crowdsourcing platform, Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), and completed an online survey that included the QUIC-SP and validated Spanish language assessments of physical and mental health. The QUIC-SP demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and similar mean scores, endorsement rates, and internal reliability to the English language version, thus establishing its validity among Spanish-speaking adults. Higher QUIC-SP scores, indicating greater unpredictability in early life, predicted increased symptoms of anxiety, anhedonia, depression, and poorer physical health. Given significant racial and ethnic disparities in health, the QUIC-SP may serve as a valuable tool to address the public health consequences of ACEs among Spanish-speaking populations.

Abstract (en): The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), is a multi-site longitudinal, epidemiologic study designed to examine the health of women during their middle years. The study examines the physical, biological, psychological, and social changes during this transitional period. The goal of SWAN's research is to help scientists, health care providers, and women learn how mid-life experiences affect health and quality of life during aging. The data include questions about doctor visits, medical conditions, medications, treatments, medical procedures, relationships, smoking, and menopause related information. The study is co-sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health. The study began in 1994. Between 1999 and 2001, 2,710 of the 3,302 women that joined SWAN were seen for their third follow-up visit. The research centers are located in the following communities: Detroit, Michigan; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; Oakland and Los Angeles, California; Newark, New Jersey; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. SWAN participants represent five racial/ethnic groups and a variety of backgrounds and cultures. ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Created online analysis version with question text.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.. Presence of Common Scales: Raw data can be used to create CES-D and SF-36 scores. Response Rates: 16,065 completed the screening interview. 3,302 were enrolled in the longitudinal study. 2,881 completed the first follow-up visit. 2,748 completed the second follow-up visit. 2,710 completed the third follow-up visit. Datasets:DS1: Study of Womens Health Across the Nation (SWAN): Visit 03 Dataset, [United States], 1999-2001 Women age 40 through 55, living in designated geographic areas, with the ability to speak English or other designated languages (Japanese, Cantonese, or Spanish), who had the cognitive ability to provide verbal informed consent, and had membership in a specific site's targeted ethnic group. Smallest Geographic Unit: None Site-specific sampling frames were used and encompassed a range of types, including lists of households, telephone numbers, and individual names of women. 2019-05-29 This data collection has been enhanced in the following ways. The title of the study was updated to match current ICPSR standards. Variable labels have been revised to spell out abbreviations and acronyms, and to correct prior misspellings. The variables in the dataset have also been reordered to match the documentation provided by the Principal Investigator. A fuller version of the question text pertaining to individual variables was completed, and now available in the ICPSR codebook. An additional document was included in this release that lists all the publications based off of the SWAN data series. Lastly, the study is now available for online analysis.2018-08-22 The data were updated to adjust missing values.2014-02-12 This data collection is now publicly available. Funding institution(s): United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health (NR004061). United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute on Aging (AG012495, AG012505, AG012539, AG012546, AG012553, AG012554). United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Nursing Research (AG012535). United States Department of Health and Human Services. National Institutes of Health. Office of Research on Women's Health (AG012531). face-to-face interview self-enumerated questionnaire

Abstract

The Gallup Poll Social Series (GPSS) is a set of public opinion surveys designed to monitor U.S. adults' views on numerous social, economic, and political topics. The topics are arranged thematically across 12 surveys. Gallup administers these surveys during the same month every year and includes the survey's core trend questions in the same order each administration. Using this consistent standard allows for unprecedented analysis of changes in trend data that are not susceptible to question order bias and seasonal effects.

Introduced in 2001, the GPSS is the primary method Gallup uses to update several hundred long-term Gallup trend questions, some dating back to the 1930s. The series also includes many newer questions added to address contemporary issues as they emerge.

The dataset currently includes responses from up to and including 2025.

Methodology

Gallup conducts one GPSS survey per month, with each devoted to a different topic, as follows:

January: Mood of the Nation

February: World Affairs

March: Environment

April: Economy and Finance

May: Values and Beliefs

June: Minority Rights and Relations (discontinued after 2016)

July: Consumption Habits

August: Work and Education

September: Governance

October: Crime

November: Health

December: Lifestyle (conducted 2001-2008)

The core questions of the surveys differ each month, but several questions assessing the state of the nation are standard on all 12: presidential job approval, congressional job approval, satisfaction with the direction of the U.S., assessment of the U.S. job market, and an open-ended measurement of the nation's "most important problem." Additionally, Gallup includes extensive demographic questions on each survey, allowing for in-depth analysis of trends.

Interviews are conducted with U.S. adults aged 18 and older living in all 50 states and the District of Columbia using a dual-frame design, which includes both landline and cellphone numbers. Gallup samples landline and cellphone numbers using random-digit-dial methods. Gallup purchases samples for this study from Survey Sampling International (SSI). Gallup chooses landline respondents at random within each household based on which member had the next birthday. Each sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of 70% cellphone respondents and 30% landline respondents, with additional minimum quotas by time zone within region. Gallup conducts interviews in Spanish for respondents who are primarily Spanish-speaking.

Gallup interviews a minimum of 1,000 U.S. adults aged 18 and older for each GPSS survey. Samples for the June Minority Rights and Relations survey are significantly larger because Gallup includes oversamples of Blacks and Hispanics to allow for reliable estimates among these key subgroups.

Gallup weights samples to correct for unequal selection probability, nonresponse, and double coverage of landline and cellphone users in the two sampling frames. Gallup also weights its final samples to match the U.S. population according to gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, region, population density, and phone status (cellphone only, landline only, both, and cellphone mostly).

Demographic weighting targets are based on the most recent Current Population Survey figures for the aged 18 and older U.S. population. Phone status targets are based on the most recent National Health Interview Survey. Population density targets are based on the most recent U.S. Census.

Usage

The year appended to each table name represents when the data was last updated. For example, January: Mood of the Nation - 2025** **has survey data collected up to and including 2025.

For more information about what survey questions were asked over time, see the Supporting Files.

Bulk Data Access

Data access is required to view this section.