Quarterly and annual statistics relating to information on border control and visas, asylum, managed migration, and enforcement and compliance. A new format for these statistics was introduced from second quarter 2011. See separate entry under immigration statistics at: http://data.gov.uk/dataset/immigration-statistics.

This release replaces the previous annual and quarterly publications Control of Immigration Statistics and the annual British Citizenship, following a public consultation. Each topic now has its own entry, links to these related reports can be found under the "additional links" section. There are a number of different measures that can be used to monitor numbers of people coming to the United Kingdom for study.

For those students who are subject to immigration control, administrative information is available on student visas and visa extensions, as well as records of students admitted. The International Passenger Survey (IPS), run by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), provides estimates of all students arriving in the UK, with the ONS migration statistics focussing on those who intend to stay for a year or more. Research into students has also been published, for example Migrant Journey Analysis that involved linking records to give a more complete picture as to what happened to a group of students over a five year period.

These various statistics and research can appear to give different pictures of student immigration. Often this is because the latest data for different measures cover different time periods. In addition, they also count different aspects of the immigration process, with some showing intentions or permissions, whilst others show actual events.

Database on research participants in the BRAD project. The Personal Data have been removed in order to make the identification of the research participants impossible. For Polish migrants in the UK, the database contains the information about the application to European Union Settlement Scheme.

Nationality of migrants. containing estimates of Long-Term International Migration, International Passenger survey and pre 1975 archived data. annual table.

This report has been renamed to "Childbearing of UK born and non-UK born women living in the UK". The publication date has not changed, and we apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Source agency: Office for National Statistics

Designation: National Statistics

Language: English

Alternative title: Fertility of UK born and non-UK born women in the UK

This table contains 25 series, with data for years 1955 - 2013 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 items: Canada ...) Last permanent residence (25 items: Total immigrants; France; Great Britain; Total Europe ...).

Data exploring the overview of migrants in the UK labour market by region.

This dataset is an analysis of the long-term migrant population of England and Wales by country of birth, passports held and other characteristics based on Census 2021.

Usual resident

A usual resident is anyone who on Census Day, 21 March 2021 was in the UK and had stayed or intended to stay in the UK for a period of 12 months or more, or had a permanent UK address and was outside the UK and intended to be outside the UK for less than 12 months.

Country of birth

The country in which a person was born. The following country of birth classifications are used in this dataset:

• Country of birth 12a: Political groupings of countries by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Country of birth 190a: Individual countries. This classification includes geographical groupings for low volume countries.
• Country of birth (3 categories): These categories have been derived from country of birth 12a and include all UK countries in "Europe: United Kingdom", all EU countries in "Europe: EU countries" and all remaining countries including British Overseas territories in "Non-EU countries (including British Overseas)".

Country of birth classifications

Passports held

The country or countries that a person holds, or is entitled to hold, a passport for. Where a person recorded having more than one passport, they were counted only once, categorised in the following priority order: 1. UK passport, 2. Irish passport, 3. Other passport.

The following classifications were created for this dataset for comparability with other international migration releases:

• Passports held (4 categories): High level political groupings of passport held by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Passports held (12 categories): Political groupings of passport held by EU membership and geographical location for non-EU countries.
• Passports held (150 categories): Individual countries for passport held. This classification includes geographical groupings for low volume countries.

Alternate passports held classifications

Economic activity status

The economic activity status of a person on Census Day, 21 March 2021. The following classification was created for this dataset:

• Economic activity status (6 categories): These categories have been derived from the base classification to create employed, self-employed, unemployed (seeking work), economically inactive students and economically active other groups.

Students who are economically active are included in either the Employee, Self-employed, or Unemployed (Looking for work) category

Economic activity status classifications

Industry

The industry worked in for those in current employment. The following classification was used for this dataset:

• Industry (current) classification 22a

Industry classifications

This paper examines the political attributes of emigrants and how their departure affects the electoral outcomes in their home countries. I argue that emigrants are different from those who remain in their political preferences as well as economic profiles, such that large-scale emigration changes the distribution of voters in sending countries. Emigration can also directly affect the policy preferences of individuals who stay in their home countries. I test these arguments in seven Central and Eastern European countries, using individual-level surveys and region-level data on emigration and elections. To address potential endogeneity issues, I use instrumental variable analysis, leveraging the surge of Polish emigration to the UK after the EU enlargement. I find that emigrants from Central and Eastern Europe tend to be younger, highly educated, and politically more progressive and that the vote shares of far-right parties are larger in regions with higher emigration rates. Also, I find that exposure to large-scale emigration affects the vote choices of individuals who remain behind.

Number of migrants by decade of arrival to the United Kingdom. Includes all decades since 1970. Data shown for years 2004 to 2016.

Numbers are rounded to nearest thousand.

Figures are based on surveys and 95% confidence intervals are provided.

Special Licence Access data to the Annual Population Survey. Approved ONS Researchers only.

Migration indicators from ONS and DWP.

The table below details the sources of the datasets available and the dates of their next update.

Migration Statistics Quarterly Report Statistical bulletins, ONS

26 November 2020

National Insurance numbers issued to overseas nationals, Stats-Xplore, DWP.

26 November 2020

Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, ONS

June 2021

Local area migration indicators suite, ONS.

TBA

Internal migration - Detailed estimates dataset by origin and destination local authorities, sex and single year of age, ONS.

June 2021

Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality, ONS.

November 2020

Short term international migration for England and Wales – accompanying data

Discontinued - latest available data for 2017

This table contains 32 series, with data for years 1956 - 1976 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and was last released on 2012-02-16. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Unit of measure (1 items: Persons ...) Geography (32 items: Outside Canada; Great Britain; France; Europe ...).

In 2019, there were approximately 302,020 British citizens living in Spain, with a further 293,061 in Ireland and 176,672 in France. By comparison, there were only 604 British people living in Slovenia, the fewest of any European Union member state. As a member of the European Union, British citizens had the right to live and work in any EU member state. Although these rights were lost for most British citizens after the UK left the EU in 2020, Britons already living in EU states were able to largely retain their previous rights of residence. EU citizens living in the UK EU citizens living in the UK face the same dilemma that British nationals did regarding their legal status after Brexit. In the same year, there were 902,000 Polish citizens, 404,000 Romanians, and 322,000 people from the Republic of Ireland living in the UK in that year, along with almost two million EU citizens from the other 24 EU member states. To retain their rights after Brexit, EU citizens living in the UK were able to apply for the EU settlement scheme. As of 2025, there have been around 8.4 million applications to this scheme, with Romanian and Polish nationals the most common nationality at 1.87 million applications, and 1.27 million applications respectively. Is support for Brexit waning in 2024? As of 2025, the share of people in the UK who think leaving the EU was the wrong decision stood at 56 percent, compared with 31 percent who think it was the correct choice. In general, support for Brexit has declined since April 2021, when 46 percent of people supported Brexit, compared with 43 percent who regretted it. What people think Britain's relationship with the EU should be is, however, still unclear. A survey from November 2023 indicated that just 31 percent thought the UK should rejoin the EU, with a further 11 percent supporting rejoining the single market but not the EU. Only ten percent of respondents were satisfied with the current relationship, while nine percent wished to reduce ties even further.

This folder contains three RData files each containing MCMC simulations from the posterior distributions of a Bayesian hierarchal model used to estimate European migration flows, developed as part of the project Quantifying Migration Scenarios for Better Policy (QuantMig, www.quantmig.eu); see Aristotelous, Smith and Bijak (2022) for details. The first set of estimates are disaggregated by origin, destination and time, a breakdown which we denote as ODT. The second and third sets of estimates are again disaggregated by origin, destination and time, but they are additionally disaggregated by other factors. The second set is further disaggregated by age and sex and the third by just birth region. We respectively denote these breakdowns as ODAST and ODBT. Also, included in this folder is an R script to calculate summaries of these posterior distributions (means, and lower and upper quartiles) and output them to csv files, which are also in the folder. For further details, see deliverable_6_4_v1_2.pdf also in the folder.

This page contains migration indicators briefings that are produced quarterly. Underlying data is available at http://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/migration-indicators

Description

The MIGR-TWIT Corpus is a multilingual corpus of tweets about the topic of migration in Europe. Within the framework of the collaborative research project OLiNDiNUM (Observatoire LINguistique du DIscours NUMérique, Linguistic Observatory of Online Debate) the MIGR-TWIT Corpus is created with the aim of developing language databases of online debate. Considering the global issue of migration in line with British and French political contexts of last dozen years from 2011 to 2022, the corpus consists of two sub-corpora:

• FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022 Corpus for French language data (1 January 2011 - 30 June 2022) and

• UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022 Corpus for English language data (1 January 2012 - 5 September 2022)

Using the Twitter API v2 Academic Research, tweets containing at least one occurrence of migration or refugee related words are retrieved automatically from 28 right and far-right political figures and parties. The whole corpus contains 18,233 tweets and 533,198 words.

Scientific reference:

Pietrandrea, P., Battaglia, E. (2022). “Migrants and the EU”. The diachronic construction of ad hoc categories in French far-right discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 192, 139-157.

Blandino, G. (2023). 10 years of public debate on immigration: combining topic modeling and corpus linguistics to examine the British (far-)right discourse on Twitter, MA University of Wolverhampton

Jeon, S. (2025). Le discours numérique sur l'immigration en France entre 2011 et 2022. Une analyse de corpus (Online Discourse on Immigration in France between 2011 and 2022. A Corpus Analysis), PhD Thesis, Université de Lille, France.

Contents

The whole corpus contains two CSV Zip files (tabular format) corresponding to each sub-corpus. The complete corpus is presented in two versions, one version with the tweet identifier (data_id) and the text of the tweet (data_text) as a header (folders named FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022_textonly and UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022_textonly, respectively composed of 12 and 11 Zip files of every single year), and the other version with all tweet fields information included as a header, such as the posting date (data_created_at), the username (author_name), the number of retweets (data_public_metrics_retweet_count), etc., with two folders named FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022_meta and UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022_meta. Detailed information for each sub-corpus is illustrated below.

1. FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022

• Created at: 2022-08-08

• Language: FR

• Coverage: 16 user accounts; 11,761 tweets; 358,491 words

• Time of data collection: start=2011-01-01; end=2022-06-30

• Keywords: words derived from a latin root “migr” of migrare

• Corpus composition:

• Political figures and parties of table above are listed in chronological order according to the dates on which they posted their first tweet.

• *Before the launching of Twitter API v2 Academic Research, migr-tweets were collected from the database of Europresse.com including 1,453 tweets of Jean Messiha as part of the reference study (Pietrandrea & Battaglia 2022). However, the Twitter account in question has been permanently banned since July 2021. For our data collection using the Twitter API started in September 2021, we could not access this account. Therefore, we decided not to include his tweets in the FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2011-2022 for the sake of consistency with the rest of twitter data that are automatically retrieved.

• The sub-corpus FR-R-MIGR-TWIT-2017-2022 is developed, annotated and analyzed as part of a doctoral thesis in progress (Jeon, 2025) with the aim of studying the semantic construction of migr-lexicon over the period between 2011 and 2022.

2. UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022

• Created at: 2022-09-06

• Language: EN

• Coverage: 12 user accounts; 6,472 tweets; 174,707 words

• Time of data collection: start=2012-01-01; end=2022-09-05

• Keywords: words derived from a latin root “migr” of migrare in addition to the keywords “refugee(s)” and “asylum”.

• Corpus composition:

• 2 out of 12 accounts are official accounts belonging to the” UK Home Office” department and the “UKIP” (United Kingdom Independence Party) party. 10 out of 12 accounts are political figures’ accounts.

• The corpus UK-R-MIGR-RA-TWIT-2012-2022 will be exploited for the following master’s thesis: Blandino, G. (2023). 10 years of public debate on immigration: combining topic modeling and corpus linguistics to examine the British (far-)right discourse on Twitter, MA University of Wolverhampton.

This research examines the ways in which recent East European migration to the UK has been racialised. 48 in-depth face-to-face interviews were carried out with 25 individual Hungarian (among the first of 'A8' migrants to the UK) and 23 individual Romanian (among the second wave of 'A2' migrants to the UK) migrants in Bristol. Focus groups were also conducted with groups of Hungarian migrants (5 groups) and Romanian migrants (5 groups). These were done to understand the main differences in the racialisation of A8 and A2 migration, to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the migrants' experiences of exclusion and marginalisation, and to question the usefulness of the 'colour paradigm' for understanding and investigating racial phenomena. A self-completion follow-up questionnaire was used to also gain demographic data.

The 0% future EU migration variant projection for Great Britain - population by five-year age groups and sex. Not National Statistics.