This dataset is about universities in Los Angeles. It has 3 rows. It features 3 columns: city, and international students.

This dataset includes materials used in the study "Paths to Cultural Adjustment: A Configurational Analysis of International Students’ Experiences" by Michał Wilczewski, Ewelina Wilczewska, and Iryna Bilokon.The materials consist of:A dataset titled "PathsToCulturalAdjustment" (*.csv) containing numerical data used for fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA),A document titled "List of Variables" that describes the variables included in the dataset, andA questionnaire protocol with the questions used for qualitative interview data collection.

The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 2015 (TIMSS 2015) is a data collection that is part of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) program; program data are available since 1999 at . TIMSS 2015 (https://nces.ed.gov/timss/) is a cross-sectional study that provides international comparative information of the mathematics and science literacy of fourth-, eighth-, and twelfth-grade students and examines factors that may be associated with the acquisition of math and science literacy in students. The study was conducted using direct assessments of students and questionnaires for students, teachers, and school administrators. Fourth-, eighth-, and twelfth-graders in the 2014-15 school year were sampled. Key statistics produced from TIMSS 2015 provide reliable and timely data on the mathematics and science achievement of U.S. students compared to that of students in other countries. Data are expected to be released in 2018.

A computerized data set of demographic, economic and social data for 227 countries of the world. Information presented includes population, health, nutrition, mortality, fertility, family planning and contraceptive use, literacy, housing, and economic activity data. Tabular data are broken down by such variables as age, sex, and urban/rural residence. Data are organized as a series of statistical tables identified by country and table number. Each record consists of the data values associated with a single row of a given table. There are 105 tables with data for 208 countries. The second file is a note file, containing text of notes associated with various tables. These notes provide information such as definitions of categories (i.e. urban/rural) and how various values were calculated. The IDB was created in the U.S. Census Bureau''s International Programs Center (IPC) to help IPC staff meet the needs of organizations that sponsor IPC research. The IDB provides quick access to specialized information, with emphasis on demographic measures, for individual countries or groups of countries. The IDB combines data from country sources (typically censuses and surveys) with IPC estimates and projections to provide information dating back as far as 1950 and as far ahead as 2050. Because the IDB is maintained as a research tool for IPC sponsor requirements, the amount of information available may vary by country. As funding and research activity permit, the IPC updates and expands the data base content. Types of data include: * Population by age and sex * Vital rates, infant mortality, and life tables * Fertility and child survivorship * Migration * Marital status * Family planning Data characteristics: * Temporal: Selected years, 1950present, projected demographic data to 2050. * Spatial: 227 countries and areas. * Resolution: National population, selected data by urban/rural * residence, selected data by age and sex. Sources of data include: * U.S. Census Bureau * International projects (e.g., the Demographic and Health Survey) * United Nations agencies Links: * ICPSR: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/08490

Japan No. of International Students: Sweden data was reported at 525.000 Person in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 534.000 Person for 2016. Japan No. of International Students: Sweden data is updated yearly, averaging 212.000 Person from Apr 2005 (Median) to 2017, with 13 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 572.000 Person in 2014 and a record low of 116.000 Person in 2005. Japan No. of International Students: Sweden data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Japan Student Services Organization. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.G009: Survey on Internation Students: Number of International Students in Japan.

A dataset that explores Green Card sponsorship trends, salary data, and employer insights for international studies with emphasis in quantitative spatial data analysis in the U.S.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Non-Hispanic population of International Falls by race. It includes the distribution of the Non-Hispanic population of International Falls across various race categories as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the Non-Hispanic population distribution of International Falls across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

Of the Non-Hispanic population in International Falls, the largest racial group is White alone with a population of 5,198 (92.71% of the total Non-Hispanic population).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (for Non-Hispanic) for the International Falls
• Population: The population of the racial category (for Non-Hispanic) in the International Falls is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of International Falls total Non-Hispanic population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for International Falls Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 2007 (TIMSS 2007), is a study that is part of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) program. TIMSS 2007 (https://nces.ed.gov/timss/) is a cross-sectional study that provides international comparative information of the mathematics and science literacy of fourth- and eighth-grade students and examines factors that may be associated with the acquisition of math and science literacy in students. The study was conducted using direct assessments of students and questionnaires for students, teachers, and school administrators. Fourth- and eighth-graders in the 2006-07 school year were sampled. The final weighted student response rate at grade four was 95 percent, and the final weighted student response rate at grade eight was 93 percent. Key statistics produced from TIMSS 2003 are mathematics and science achievement scores of U.S. fourth- and eighth- grade students compared to that of students in other countries.

The Census data API provides access to the most comprehensive set of data on current month and cumulative year-to-date exports by state and Harmonized System (HS) code. The State HS endpoint in the Census data API also provides value, shipping weight, and method of transportation totals at the state level for all U.S. trading partners. The Census data API will help users research new markets for their products, establish pricing structures for potential export markets, and conduct economic planning. If you have any questions regarding U.S. international trade data, please call us at 1(800)549-0595 option #4 or email us at eid.international.trade.data@census.gov.

This dataset contains the International Surface Pressure Databank version 4.7 (ISPDv4), the world's largest collection of pressure observations. It has been gathered through international cooperation with data recovery facilitated by the ACRE Initiative and the other contributing organizations and assembled under the auspices of the GCOS Working Group on Surface Pressure and the WCRP/GCOS Working Group on Observational Data Sets for Reanalysis by NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), and the University of Colorado's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES). The ISPDv4 consists of three components: station, marine, and tropical cyclone best track pressure observations. The station component is a blend of many national and international collections. In addition to the pressure observations and metadata, ISPDv4 contains feedback from the 20th Century Reanalysis version 3, including quality control information and uncertainty information. Support for the International Surface Pressure Databank is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. The International Surface Pressure Databank version 4.7 and 20th Century Reanalysis version 3 used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Demographic information on international students in China.

Project Tycho datasets contain case counts for reported disease conditions for countries around the world. The Project Tycho data curation team extracts these case counts from various reputable sources, typically from national or international health authorities, such as the US Centers for Disease Control or the World Health Organization. These original data sources include both open- and restricted-access sources. For restricted-access sources, the Project Tycho team has obtained permission for redistribution from data contributors. All datasets contain case count data that are identical to counts published in the original source and no counts have been modified in any way by the Project Tycho team. The Project Tycho team has pre-processed datasets by adding new variables, such as standard disease and location identifiers, that improve data interpretability. We also formatted the data into a standard data format.

Each Project Tycho dataset contains case counts for a specific condition (e.g. measles) and for a specific country (e.g. The United States). Case counts are reported per time interval. In addition to case counts, datasets include information about these counts (attributes), such as the location, age group, subpopulation, diagnostic certainty, place of acquisition, and the source from which we extracted case counts. One dataset can include many series of case count time intervals, such as "US measles cases as reported by CDC", or "US measles cases reported by WHO", or "US measles cases that originated abroad", etc.

Depending on the intended use of a dataset, we recommend a few data processing steps before analysis: - Analyze missing data: Project Tycho datasets do not include time intervals for which no case count was reported (for many datasets, time series of case counts are incomplete, due to incompleteness of source documents) and users will need to add time intervals for which no count value is available. Project Tycho datasets do include time intervals for which a case count value of zero was reported. - Separate cumulative from non-cumulative time interval series. Case count time series in Project Tycho datasets can be "cumulative" or "fixed-intervals". Cumulative case count time series consist of overlapping case count intervals starting on the same date, but ending on different dates. For example, each interval in a cumulative count time series can start on January 1st, but end on January 7th, 14th, 21st, etc. It is common practice among public health agencies to report cases for cumulative time intervals. Case count series with fixed time intervals consist of mutually exclusive time intervals that all start and end on different dates and all have identical length (day, week, month, year). Given the different nature of these two types of case count data, we indicated this with an attribute for each count value, named "PartOfCumulativeCountSeries".

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) student results and responses data. Includes PIRLS for 2011. Data is publicly available. Commonwealth has licence to provide PIRLS 2011 data. Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) student results and responses data. Includes PIRLS for 2011. Data is publicly available. Commonwealth has licence to provide PIRLS 2011 data.

This dataset represents CLIGEN input parameters for locations in 68 countries. CLIGEN is a point-scale stochastic weather generator that produces long-term weather simulations with daily output. The input parameters are essentially monthly climate statistics that also serve as climate benchmarks. Three unique input parameter sets are differentiated by having been produced from 30-year, 20-year and 10-year minimum record lengths that correspond to 7673, 2336, and 2694 stations, respectively. The primary source of data is the NOAA GHCN-Daily dataset, and due to data gaps, records longer than the three minimum record lengths were often queried to produce the needed number of complete monthly records. The vast majority of stations used at least some data from the 2000's, and temporal coverages are shown in the Excel table for each station. CLIGEN has various applications including being used to force soil erosion models. This dataset may reduce the effort needed in preparing climate inputs for such applications. Revised input files added on 11/16/20. These files were revised from the original dataset. Fixed metadata issues with the headings of each file. Fixed inconsistencies with MX.5P and transition probability values for extremely dry climates and/or months. Second revision input files added on 2/12/20. A formatting error was fixed that affected transition probabilities for 238 stations with zero recorded precipitation for one or more months. The affected stations were predominantly in Australia and Mexico. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: 30-year input files. File Name: 30-year.zipResource Description: CLIGEN .par input files based on 30-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor.Resource Software Recommended: CLIGEN v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/ Resource Title: 20-year input files. File Name: 20-year.zipResource Description: CLIGEN .par input files based on 20-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor.Resource Software Recommended: CLIGEN v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/ Resource Title: 10-year input files. File Name: 10-year.zipResource Description: CLIGEN .par input files based on 10-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor.Resource Software Recommended: CLIGEN v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/ Resource Title: Map Layer. File Name: MapLayer.kmzResource Description: Map Layer showing locations of the new CLIGEN stations. This layer may be imported into Google Earth and used to find the station closest to an area of interest.Resource Software Recommended: Google Earth,url: https://www.google.com/earth/ Resource Title: Temporal Ranges of Years Queried. File Name: GHCN-Daily Year Ranges.xlsxResource Description: Excel tables of the first and last years queried from GHCN-Daily when searching for complete monthly records (with no gaps in data). Any ranges in excess of 30 years, 20 years and 10 years, for respective datasets, are due to data gaps.Resource Title: 30-year input files (revised). File Name: 30-year revised.zipResource Description: CLIGEN .par input files based on 30-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor. Revised from the original dataset. Fixed metadata issues with the headings of each file. Fixed inconsistencies with MX.5P and transition probability values for extremely dry climates and/or months.Resource Software Recommended: CLIGEN v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/ Resource Title: 20-year input files (revised). File Name: 20-year revised.zipResource Description: CLIGEN .par input files based on 20-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor. Revised from the original dataset. Fixed metadata issues with the headings of each file. Fixed inconsistencies with MX.5P and transition probability values for extremely dry climates and/or months.Resource Software Recommended: Cligen v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/ Resource Title: 10-year input files (revised). File Name: 10-year revised.zipResource Description: CLIGEN .par input files based on 10-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor. Revised from the original dataset. Fixed metadata issues with the headings of each file. Fixed inconsistencies with MX.5P and transition probability values for extremely dry climates and/or months.Resource Software Recommended: Cligen v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/ Resource Title: 30-year input files (revised 2). File Name: 30-year revised 2.zipResource Description: CLIGEN .par input files based on 30-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor. Fixed formatting issue for 238 stations that affected transition probabilities.Resource Software Recommended: Cligen v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/ Resource Title: 20-year input files (revised 2). File Name: 20-year revised 2.zipResource Description: CLIGEN .par input files based on 20-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor. Fixed formatting issue for 238 stations that affected transition probabilities.Resource Software Recommended: Cligen v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/ Resource Title: 10-year input files (revised 2). File Name: 10-year revised 2.zipResource Description: CLIGEN *.par input files based on 10-year minimum record lengths. May be viewed with text editor. Fixed formatting issue for 238 stations that affected transition probabilities.Resource Software Recommended: Cligen v5.3,url: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/west-lafayette-in/national-soil-erosion-research/docs/wepp/cligen/

This line chart displays international students (people) by foundation year using the aggregation count in China. The data is about universities.

The International Cardiac Arrest REsearch consortium (I-CARE) Database includes baseline clinical information and continuous electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from 1,020 comatose patients with a diagnosis of cardiac arrest who were admitted to an intensive care unit from seven academic hospitals in the U.S. and Europe. Patients were monitored with 18 bipolar EEG channels over hours to days for the diagnosis of seizures and for neurological prognostication. Long-term neurological function was determined using the Cerebral Performance Category scale.

The Challenger Glider Mission is a re-creation of the first global scientific ocean survey conducted by the HMS Challenger from 1872-1876. The goals of the mission are to establish a collaborative international network of autonomous underwater glider ports, to assess global ocean model predictive skill while contributing real-time profile data for assimilation in ocean forecast models by operational centers worldwide, and to crowd source student-based ocean research and discovery. Delayed mode dataset _NCProperties=version=1|netcdflibversion=4.6.1|hdf5libversion=1.10.3 acknowledgment=Support provided by the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, Iridium, Teledyne Marine, U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), and Rutgers University cdm_data_type=Trajectory cdm_trajectory_variables=trajectory comment=Glider operated by the Rutgers University Coastal Ocean Observation Lab, Rutgers University, USA contributor_name=RUCOOL Students Faculty and Staff and International Collaborators contributor_role=Piloting and Data Management Conventions=CF-1.6, COARDS, ACDD-1.3 defaultGraphQuery=longitude,latitude,time&.draw=markers&.marker=6%7C3&.color=0xFFFFFF&.colorBar=Rainbow2%7C%7C%7C%7C%7C&.bgColor=0xffccccff deployment_name=ru29-20140711T1422 Easternmost_Easting=-44.79477 featureType=Trajectory geospatial_bounds=POLYGON ((-24.95469333333333 -45.89379666666667, -24.95469333333333 -45.885295, -24.96143333333334 -45.885295, -24.96143333333334 -45.89379666666667, -24.95469333333333 -45.89379666666667)) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs=EPSG:5831 geospatial_lat_max=-24.95469333333333 geospatial_lat_min=-25.45094333333333 geospatial_lat_resolution=0.00001 degree geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-44.79477 geospatial_lon_min=-45.89379666666667 geospatial_lon_resolution=0.00001 degree geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east geospatial_vertical_max=979.5487 geospatial_vertical_min=0.0 geospatial_vertical_positive=down geospatial_vertical_resolution=0 geospatial_vertical_units=m history=2023-12-12T15:41:20Z: /tmp/tmpa_948a29/TrajectoryNetCDFWriter.pywlirs8bi.nc created 2023-12-12T15:41:20Z: /home/kerfoot/code/glider-proc/scripts/proc_deployment_trajectories_to_nc.py /home/coolgroup/slocum/deployments/2014/ru29-20140711T1422/data/in/ascii/dbd/ru29_2014_197_0_0_dbd.dat

id=ru29-20140711T1422 infoUrl=https://rucool.marine.rutgers.edu institution=Rutgers University instrument=In Situ/Laboratory Instruments > Profilers/Sounders > CTD instrument_vocabulary=NASA/GCMD Instrument Keywords Version 8.5 keywords_vocabulary=NASA/GCMD Earth Sciences Keywords Version 8.5 naming_authority=edu.rutgers.rucool ncei_template_version=NCEI_NetCDF_Trajectory_Template_v2.0 Northernmost_Northing=-24.95469333333333 platform=In Situ Ocean-based Platforms > AUVS > Autonomous Underwater Vehicles platform_type=Slocum Glider platform_vocabulary=NASA/GCMD Platforms Keywords Version 8.5 processing_level=Raw Slocum glider time-series dataset from the native data file format. No quality control provided. program=Challenger project=Challenger source=Observational Slocum glider data from source dba file ru29-2014-197-0-0-dbd(01660000) sourceUrl=(local files) Southernmost_Northing=-25.45094333333333 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v27 subsetVariables=source_file time_coverage_duration=PT57M43.88699S time_coverage_end=2014-07-17T08:40:39Z time_coverage_resolution=PT03S time_coverage_start=2014-07-11T14:26:35Z uuid=472de4be-e6b5-4d26-86e7-94a7e0780e4d Westernmost_Easting=-45.89379666666667

A dataset that explores Green Card sponsorship trends, salary data, and employer insights for international business and trade in the U.S.

Otter DUDe Dataset Card

Otter DUDe includes 1,452,568 instances of drug-target interactions.

  Dataset details





  DUDe

DUDe comprises a collection of 22,886 active compounds and their corresponding affinities towards 102 targets. For our study, we utilized a preprocessed version of the DUDe, which includes 1,452,568 instances of drug-target interactions. To prevent any data leakage, we eliminated the negative interactions and the overlapping triples with the TDC DTI… See the full description on the dataset page: https://huggingface.co/datasets/ibm-research/otter_dude.

Summary:

Estimated stand-off distance between ADS-B equipped aircraft and obstacles. Obstacle information was sourced from the FAA Digital Obstacle File and the FHWA National Bridge Inventory. Aircraft tracks were sourced from processed data curated from the OpenSky Network. Results are presented as histograms organized by aircraft type and distance away from runways.

Description:

For many aviation safety studies, aircraft behavior is represented using encounter models, which are statistical models of how aircraft behave during close encounters. They are used to provide a realistic representation of the range of encounter flight dynamics where an aircraft collision avoidance system would be likely to alert. These models currently and have historically have been limited to interactions between aircraft; they have not represented the specific interactions between obstacles and aircraft equipped transponders. In response, we calculated the standoff distance between obstacles and ADS-B equipped manned aircraft.

For robustness, this assessment considered two different datasets of manned aircraft tracks and two datasets of obstacles. For robustness, MIT LL calculated the standoff distance using two different datasets of aircraft tracks and two datasets of obstacles. This approach aligned with the foundational research used to support the ASTM F3442/F3442M-20 well clear criteria of 2000 feet laterally and 250 feet AGL vertically.

The two datasets of processed tracks of ADS-B equipped aircraft curated from the OpenSky Network. It is likely that rotorcraft were underrepresented in these datasets. There were also no considerations for aircraft equipped only with Mode C or not equipped with any transponders. The first dataset was used to train the v1.3 uncorrelated encounter models and referred to as the “Monday” dataset. The second dataset is referred to as the “aerodrome” dataset and was used to train the v2.0 and v3.x terminal encounter model. The Monday dataset consisted of 104 Mondays across North America. The other dataset was based on observations at least 8 nautical miles within Class B, C, D aerodromes in the United States for the first 14 days of each month from January 2019 through February 2020. Prior to any processing, the datasets required 714 and 847 Gigabytes of storage. For more details on these datasets, please refer to "Correlated Bayesian Model of Aircraft Encounters in the Terminal Area Given a Straight Takeoff or Landing" and “Benchmarking the Processing of Aircraft Tracks with Triples Mode and Self-Scheduling.”

Two different datasets of obstacles were also considered. First was point obstacles defined by the FAA digital obstacle file (DOF) and consisted of point obstacle structures of antenna, lighthouse, meteorological tower (met), monument, sign, silo, spire (steeple), stack (chimney; industrial smokestack), transmission line tower (t-l tower), tank (water; fuel), tramway, utility pole (telephone pole, or pole of similar height, supporting wires), windmill (wind turbine), and windsock. Each obstacle was represented by a cylinder with the height reported by the DOF and a radius based on the report horizontal accuracy. We did not consider the actual width and height of the structure itself. Additionally, we only considered obstacles at least 50 feet tall and marked as verified in the DOF.

The other obstacle dataset, termed as “bridges,” was based on the identified bridges in the FAA DOF and additional information provided by the National Bridge Inventory. Due to the potential size and extent of bridges, it would not be appropriate to model them as point obstacles; however, the FAA DOF only provides a point location and no information about the size of the bridge. In response, we correlated the FAA DOF with the National Bridge Inventory, which provides information about the length of many bridges. Instead of sizing the simulated bridge based on horizontal accuracy, like with the point obstacles, the bridges were represented as circles with a radius of the longest, nearest bridge from the NBI. A circle representation was required because neither the FAA DOF or NBI provided sufficient information about orientation to represent bridges as rectangular cuboid. Similar to the point obstacles, the height of the obstacle was based on the height reported by the FAA DOF. Accordingly, the analysis using the bridge dataset should be viewed as risk averse and conservative. It is possible that a manned aircraft was hundreds of feet away from an obstacle in actuality but the estimated standoff distance could be significantly less. Additionally, all obstacles are represented with a fixed height, the potentially flat and low level entrances of the bridge are assumed to have the same height as the tall bridge towers. The attached figure illustrates an example simulated bridge.

It would had been extremely computational inefficient to calculate the standoff distance for all possible track points. Instead, we define an encounter between an aircraft and obstacle as when an aircraft flying 3069 feet AGL or less comes within 3000 feet laterally of any obstacle in a 60 second time interval. If the criteria were satisfied, then for that 60 second track segment we calculate the standoff distance to all nearby obstacles. Vertical separation was based on the MSL altitude of the track and the maximum MSL height of an obstacle.

For each combination of aircraft track and obstacle datasets, the results were organized seven different ways. Filtering criteria were based on aircraft type and distance away from runways. Runway data was sourced from the FAA runways of the United States, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands open dataset. Aircraft type was identified as part of the em-processing-opensky workflow.

• All: No filter, all observations that satisfied encounter conditions
• nearRunway: Aircraft within or at 2 nautical miles of a runway
• awayRunway: Observations more than 2 nautical miles from a runway
• glider: Observations when aircraft type is a glider
• fwme: Observations when aircraft type is a fixed-wing multi-engine
• fwse: Observations when aircraft type is a fixed-wing single engine
• rotorcraft: Observations when aircraft type is a rotorcraft

License

This dataset is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

This license requires that reusers give credit to the creator. It allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form and for noncommercial purposes only. Only noncommercial use of your work is permitted. Noncommercial means not primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. Exceptions are given for the not for profit standards organizations of ASTM International and RTCA.

MIT is releasing this dataset in good faith to promote open and transparent research of the low altitude airspace. Given the limitations of the dataset and a need for more research, a more restrictive license was warranted. Namely it is based only on only observations of ADS-B equipped aircraft, which not all aircraft in the airspace are required to employ; and observations were source from a crowdsourced network whose surveillance coverage has not been robustly characterized.

As more research is conducted and the low altitude airspace is further characterized or regulated, it is expected that a future version of this dataset may have a more permissive license.

Distribution Statement

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

© 2021 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Delivered to the U.S. Government with Unlimited Rights, as defined in DFARS Part 252.227-7013 or 7014 (Feb 2014). Notwithstanding any copyright notice, U.S. Government rights in this work are defined by DFARS 252.227-7013 or DFARS 252.227-7014 as detailed above. Use of this work other than as specifically authorized by the U.S. Government may violate any copyrights that exist in this work.

This material is based upon work supported by the Federal Aviation Administration under Air Force Contract No. FA8702-15-D-0001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Aviation Administration.

This document is derived from work done for the FAA (and possibly others); it is not the direct product of work done for the FAA. The information provided herein may include content supplied by third parties. Although the data and information contained herein has been produced or processed from sources believed to be reliable, the Federal Aviation Administration makes no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy, adequacy, completeness, legality, reliability or usefulness of any information, conclusions or recommendations provided herein. Distribution of the information contained herein does not constitute an endorsement or warranty of the data or information provided herein by the Federal Aviation Administration or the U.S. Department of Transportation. Neither the Federal Aviation Administration nor the U.S. Department of