Monthly Cumulative Number and Percent of Persons Who Received ≥1 Influenza Vaccination Doses, by Flu Season, Age Group, and Jurisdiction

• Influenza vaccination coverage for children and adults is assessed through U.S. jurisdictions’ Immunization Information Systems (IIS) data, submitted from jurisdictions to CDC monthly in aggregate by age group. More information about the IIS can be found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/about.html.

• Influenza vaccination coverage estimate numerators include the number of people receiving at least one dose of influenza vaccine in a given flu season, based on information that state, territorial, and local public health agencies report to CDC. Some jurisdictions’ data may include data submitted by tribes. Estimates include persons who are deceased but received a vaccination during the current season. People receiving doses are attributed to the jurisdiction in which the person resides unless noted otherwise. Quality and completeness of data may vary across jurisdictions. Influenza vaccination coverage denominators are obtained from 2020 U.S. Census Bureau population estimates.

• Monthly estimates shown are cumulative, reflecting all persons vaccinated from July through a given month of that flu season. Cumulative estimates include any historical data reported since the previous submission. National estimates are not presented since not all U.S. jurisdictions are currently reporting their IIS data to CDC. Jurisdictions reporting data to CDC include U.S. states, some localities, and territories.

• Because IIS data contain all vaccinations administered within a jurisdiction rather than a sample, standard errors were not calculated and statistical testing for differences in estimates across years were not performed.

• Laws and policies regarding the submission of vaccination data to an IIS vary by state, which may impact the completeness of vaccination coverage reflected for a jurisdiction. More information on laws and policies are found at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/policy-legislation.html.

• Coverage estimates based on IIS data are expected to differ from National Immunization Survey (NIS) estimates for children (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/dashboard/vaccination-coverage-race.html) and adults (https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/dashboard/vaccination-adult-coverage.html) because NIS estimates are based on a sample that may not be representative after survey weighting and vaccination status is determined by survey respondent rather than vaccine records or administrations, and quality and completeness of IIS data may vary across jurisdictions. In general, NIS estimates tend to overestimate coverage due to overreporting and IIS estimates may underestimate coverage due to incompleteness of data in certain jurisdictions.

Influenza Vaccination Coverage for All Ages (6+ Months)

• Data on influenza vaccination coverage from the National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for the general population at the national, regional, and state levels by age group and race/ethnicity.

• Additional information available at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/index.htm

Chicago residents who are up to date with influenza vaccines by ZIP Code, based on the reported home address and age group of the person vaccinated, as provided by the medical provider in the Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE). “Up to date” refers to individuals aged 6 months and older who have received 1+ doses of influenza vaccine during the current season, defined as the beginning of July (MMWR week 27) through the end of the following June (MMWR week 26). Data Notes: Weekly cumulative totals of people up to date are shown for each combination ZIP Code and age group. Note there are rows where age group is "All ages" so care should be taken when summing rows. Weeks begin on a Sunday and end on a Saturday. Coverage percentages are calculated based on the cumulative number of people in each ZIP Code and age group who are considered up to date as of the week ending date divided by the estimated number of people in that subgroup. Population counts are obtained from the 2020 U.S. Decennial Census. For ZIP Codes mostly outside Chicago, coverage percentages are not calculated because reliable Chicago-only population counts are not available. Actual counts may exceed population estimates and lead to coverage estimates that are greater than 100%, especially in smaller ZIP Codes with smaller populations. Additionally, the medical provider may report a work address or incorrect home address for the person receiving the vaccination, which may lead to over- or underestimation of vaccination coverage by geography. All coverage percentages are capped at 99%. The Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) uses the most complete data available to estimate influenza vaccination coverage among Chicagoans, but there are several limitations that impact our estimates. Influenza vaccine administration is not required to be reported in Illinois, except for publicly funded vaccine (e.g., Vaccines for Children, Section 317). Individuals may receive vaccinations that are not recorded in I-CARE, such as those administered in another state, or those administered by a provider that does not submit data to I-CARE, causing underestimation of the number individuals who received an influenza vaccine for the current season. All data are provisional and subject to change. Information is updated as additional details are received and it is, in fact, very common for recent dates to be incomplete and to be updated as time goes on. At any given time, this dataset reflects data currently known to CDPH. Numbers in this dataset may differ from other public sources due to when data are reported and how City of Chicago boundaries are defined. For all datasets related to influenza, see https://data.cityofchicago.org/browse?limitTo=datasets&sortBy=alpha&tags=flu . Data Source: Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE), U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Decennial Census

Chicago residents who are up to date with influenza vaccines by Healthy Chicago Equity Zone (HCEZ), based on the reported address, race-ethnicity, and age group of the person vaccinated, as provided by the medical provider in the Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE).

Healthy Chicago Equity Zones is an initiative of the Chicago Department of Public Health to organize and support hyperlocal, community-led efforts that promote health and racial equity. Chicago is divided into six HCEZs. Combinations of Chicago’s 77 community areas make up each HCEZ, based on geography. For more information about HCEZs including which community areas are in each zone see: https://data.cityofchicago.org/Health-Human-Services/Healthy-Chicago-Equity-Zones/nk2j-663f

“Up to date” refers to individuals aged 6 months and older who have received 1+ doses of influenza vaccine during the current season, defined as the beginning of July (MMWR week 27) through the end of the following June (MMWR week 26).

Data notes:

Weekly cumulative totals of people up to date are shown for each combination of race-ethnicity and age group within an HCEZ. Note that each HCEZ has a row where HCEZ is “Citywide” and each HCEZ has a row where age is "All" and race-ethnicity is “All Race/Ethnicity Groups” so care should be taken when summing rows. Weeks begin on a Sunday and end on a Saturday.

Coverage percentages are calculated based on the cumulative number of people in each population subgroup (age group by race-ethnicity within an HCEZ) who are up to date, divided by the estimated number of people in that subgroup. Population counts are from the 2020 U.S. Decennial Census. Actual counts may exceed population estimates and lead to >100% coverage, especially in small race-ethnicity subgroups of each age group within an HCEZ. All coverage percentages are capped at 99%. Summing all race/ethnicity group populations to obtain citywide populations may provide a population count that differs slightly from the citywide population count listed in the dataset. Differences in these estimates are due to how community area populations are calculated. The Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) uses the most complete data available to estimate influenza vaccination coverage among Chicagoans, but there are several limitations that impact our estimates. Influenza vaccine administration is not required to be reported in Illinois, except for publicly funded vaccine (e.g., Vaccines for Children, Section 317). Individuals may receive vaccinations that are not recorded in I-CARE, such as those administered in another state, or those administered by a provider that does not submit data to I-CARE, causing underestimation of the number individuals who received an influenza vaccine for the current season.

All data are provisional and subject to change. Information is updated as additional details are received and it is, in fact, very common for recent dates to be incomplete and to be updated as time goes on. At any given time, this dataset reflects data currently known to CDPH.

Numbers in this dataset may differ from other public sources due to when data are reported and how City of Chicago boundaries are defined.

For all datasets related to influenza, see https://data.cityofchicago.org/browse?limitTo=datasets&sortBy=alpha&tags=flu .

Data Source: Illinois Comprehensive Automated Immunization Registry Exchange (I-CARE), U.S. Census Bureau 2020 Decennial Census

Flu vaccine uptake (%) in adults aged 65 and over, who received the flu vaccination between 1st September to the end of February as recorded in the GP record. The February collection has been adopted for our end of season figures from 2017 to 2018. All previous data is the same definitions but until the end of January rather than February to consider data returning from outside the practice and later in practice vaccinations.RationaleInfluenza (also known as Flu) is a highly infectious viral illness spread by droplet infection. The flu vaccination is offered to people who are at greater risk of developing serious complications if they catch the flu. The seasonal influenza programme for England is set out in the Annual Flu Letter. Both the flu letter and the flu plan have the support of the Chief Medical Officer (CMO), Chief Pharmaceutical Officer (CPhO), and Director of Nursing.Vaccination coverage is the best indicator of the level of protection a population will have against vaccine-preventable communicable diseases. Immunisation is one of the most effective healthcare interventions available, and flu vaccines can prevent illness and hospital admissions among these groups of people. Increasing the uptake of the flu vaccine among these high-risk groups should also contribute to easing winter pressure on primary care services and hospital admissions. Coverage is closely related to levels of disease. Monitoring coverage identifies possible drops in immunity before levels of disease rise.The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) will continue to provide expert advice and monitoring of public health, including immunisation. NHS England now has responsibility for commissioning the flu programme, and GPs continue to play a key role. NHS England teams will ensure that robust plans are in place locally and that high vaccination uptake levels are reached in the clinical risk groups. For more information, see the Green Book chapter 19 on Influenza.The Annual Flu Letter sets out the national vaccine uptake ambitions each year. In 2021 to 2022, the national ambition was to achieve at least 85 percent vaccine uptake in those aged 65 and over. Prior to this, the national vaccine uptake ambition was 75 percent, in line with WHO targets.Definition of numeratorNumerator is the number of vaccinations administered during the influenza season between 1st September and the end of February.Definition of denominatorDenominator is the GP registered population on the date of extraction including patients who have been offered the vaccine but refused it, as the uptake rate is measured against the overall eligible population. For more detailed information please see the user guide, available to view and download from https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/vaccine-uptake#seasonal-flu-vaccine-uptakeCaveatsRead codes are primarily used for data collection purposes to extract vaccine uptake data for patients who fall into one or more of the designated clinical risk groups. The codes identify individuals at risk, and therefore eligible for flu vaccination. However, it is important to note that there may be some individuals with conditions not specified in the recommended risk groups for vaccination, who may be offered influenza vaccine by their GP based on clinical judgement and according to advice contained in the flu letter and Green Book, and thus are likely to fall outside the listed Read codes. Therefore, this data should not be used for GP payment purposes.

Health and Safety Code section 1288.7(a) requires California acute care hospitals to offer influenza vaccine free of charge to all healthcare providers (HCP) or sign a declination form if a HCP chooses not to be vaccinated. Hospitals must report HCP influenza vaccination data to the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), including the percentage of HCP vaccinated. CDPH is required to make this information public on an annual basis [Health and Safety Code section 1288.8 (b)].

California acute care hospitals are required to offer free influenza vaccine to HCP. Hospital HCP must receive an annual vaccine or sign a declination form. Hospitals collect vaccination data for all HCP physically working in the hospital for at least one day during influenza season, regardless of clinical responsibility or patient contact. Hospitals report HCP vaccination rates to the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and CDPH publishes the hospital results annually. CDPH reports data separately for hospital employees, licensed independent practitioners such as physicians, other contract staff, and trainees and volunteers (Health and Safety Code section 1288.7-1288.8).

Detailed information about the variables included in each dataset are described in the accompanying data dictionaries for the year of interest.

For general information about NHSN, surveillance definitions, and reporting requirements for HCP influenza vaccination, please visit: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/hps/vaccination/index.html

To link the CDPH facility IDs with those from other Departments, including OSHPD, please reference the "Licensed Facility Cross-Walk" Open Data table at: https://data.chhs.ca.gov/dataset/licensed-facility-crosswalk.

For information about healthcare personnel influenza vaccinations in California hospitals, please visit: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CHCQ/HAI/Pages/HealthcarePersonnelInfluenzaVaccinationReportingInCA_Hospitals.aspx

The annual pre-kindergarten (pre-K) through 12th grade school immunization survey collects school-level, grade-specific data on vaccine coverage and exemptions. The survey collects vaccination and exemption status data on children who entered the school system on or before a specified date during the fall semester. Individual vaccine information on each student is not collected. This table shows the statewide vaccination exemptions (medical and religious) and percentage vaccinated and compliant for each school-entry mandated vaccine series reported by school year, grade, and school type. Percentage of students vaccinated is the number of students with the required number of doses of a given vaccine divided by the total number of students. Data for each grade includes all schools who reported with that given grade level. School-mandated vaccine series for students enrolled in kindergarten are inactivated polio, DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis), MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), hepatitis B, varicella and hepatitis A. Additional mandated vaccines for students enrolled in 7th grade include meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV) and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis). Influenza vaccine is a requirement for pre-K students only, who are 24 through 59 months of age. Each child has 1 of 4 possible vaccination statutes: Vaccinated, Exempt (Religious), Exempt (Medical) or Non-compliant. The criteria shown below are used to assess whether a child is considered vaccinated. • Flu = at least 1 dose of annual influenza vaccine (pre-K only). This is a school entry requirement only for pre-K students 24 through 59 months of age. • Polio = at least 3 doses of inactivated polio vaccine, with the last dose on or after their 4th birthday. This is a school entry requirement starting in kindergarten. • DTaP = at least 4 doses of DTaP vaccine, with the last dose on or after their 4th birthday. This is a school entry requirement starting in kindergarten. • MMR = at least 2 doses of MMR vaccine separated by at least 28 days, with the 1st dose on or after their 1st birthday. This is a school entry requirement starting in kindergarten. • HepB = at least 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine, with the last dose on or after 24 weeks of age. This is a school entry requirement starting in kindergarten. • Varicella = at least 2 doses of varicella vaccine separated by at least 28 days, with the 1st dose on or after their 1st birthday, or a reliable history of chickenpox disease. This is a school entry requirement starting in kindergarten. • HepA = at least 2 doses of hepatitis A vaccine, given a minimum of six calendar months apart, with the 1st dose on or after their 1st birthday. This is a school entry requirement starting in kindergarten. Starting with the 2019-2020 school year the annual survey included data collection on hepatitis A vaccine for 7th grade students. • MCV = at least 1 dose of meningococcal conjugate vaccine. This is a school entry requirement starting in 7th grade. • Tdap = at least 1 dose of Tdap vaccine. This is a school entry requirement starting in 7th grade. • All = Percentage of students with all above vaccine series required for that grade level. Children without a record of vaccination, but with serologic proof of immunity to certain diseases (measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, hepatitis A, and varicella), meet school entry requirements and may be counted as vaccinated. Data Limitations and Considerations: • The school level data shown here are as tabulated and reported by schools and discrepancies may exist. • The Immunization Program identifies outliers and internally inconsistent data points and works with schools to resolve any data quality issues, when possible. • CT DPH cannot verify the accuracy of vaccine data for individual children or whether the documentation necessary to claim an exemption has been submitted. • Data are collected at the beginning of the school year, by which time vac

These data represent the predicted (modeled) prevalence of adults (Age 18+) who received a Flu Vaccine (flu shot or a vaccine sprayed in the nose) within the past 12 months for each census tract in Colorado. The length and intensity of each annual flu season varies from year to year, and there can be large variability between age groups in terms of who is receiving the annual flu vaccine.The estimate for each census tract represents an average that was derived from multiple years of Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (2014-2017).CDPHE used a model-based approach to measure the relationship between age, race, gender, poverty, education, location and health conditions or risk behavior indicators and applied this relationship to predict the number of persons' who have the health conditions or risk behavior for each census tract in Colorado. We then applied these probabilities, based on demographic stratification, to the 2013-2017 American Community Survey population estimates and determined the percentage of adults with the health conditions or risk behavior for each census tract in Colorado.The estimates are based on statistical models and are not direct survey estimates. Using the best available data, CDPHE was able to model census tract estimates based on demographic data and background knowledge about the distribution of specific health conditions and risk behaviors.The estimates are displayed in both the map and data table using point estimate values for each census tract and displayed using a Quintile range. The high and low value for each color on the map is calculated based on dividing the total number of census tracts in Colorado (1249) into five groups based on the total range of estimates for all Colorado census tracts. Each Quintile range represents roughly 20% of the census tracts in Colorado. No estimates are provided for census tracts with a known population of less than 50. These census tracts are displayed in the map as "No Est, Pop < 50."No estimates are provided for 7 census tracts with a known population of less than 50 or for the 2 census tracts that exclusively contain a federal correctional institution as 100% of their population. These 9 census tracts are displayed in the map as "No Estimate."

IntroductionGuidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) recommend using influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations to mitigate infection risk. The level of adherence to these guidelines is not well known in the UK. The aims of this study were to describe the uptake of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations in patients with RA in the UK, to compare the characteristics of those vaccinated to those not vaccinated and to compare vaccination rates across regions of the UK.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of adults diagnosed with incident RA and treated with non-biologic immunosuppressive therapy, using data from a large primary care database. For the influenza vaccination, patients were considered unvaccinated on 1st September each year and upon vaccination their status changed to vaccinated. For pneumococcal vaccination, patients were considered vaccinated after their first vaccination until the end of follow-up. Patients were stratified by age 65 at the start of follow-up, given differences in vaccination guidelines for the general population.ResultsOverall (N = 15,724), 80% patients received at least one influenza vaccination, and 50% patients received a pneumococcal vaccination, during follow-up (mean 5.3 years). Of those aged below 65 years (N = 9,969), 73% patients had received at least one influenza vaccination, and 43% patients received at least one pneumococcal vaccination. Of those aged over 65 years (N = 5,755), 91% patients received at least one influenza vaccination, and 61% patients had received at least one pneumococcal vaccination. Those vaccinated were older, had more comorbidity and visited the GP more often. Regional differences in vaccination rates were seen with the highest rates in Northern Ireland, and the lowest rates in London.ConclusionsOne in five patients received no influenza vaccinations and one in two patients received no pneumonia vaccine over five years of follow-up. There remains significant scope to improve uptake of vaccinations in patients with RA.

This layer represents the Percent of Adults who have received a Flu Vaccine within the past 12 months calculated from the 2014-2017 Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (County or Regional Estimates) data set. These data represent the estimated prevalence of adults (Age 18+) who received a Flu Vaccine (flu shot or a vaccine sprayed in the nose) within the past 12 months for each county in Colorado. The length and intensity of each annual flu season varies from year to year, and there can be large variability between age groups in terms of who is receiving the annual flu vaccine. Regional estimates were used if there was not enough sample size to calculate a single county estimate. The estimate for each county was derived from multiple years of Colorado Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (2014-2017).

List of free flu clinics offered throughout Chicago for the 2020-2021 flu season, either by the Department of Public Health or in collaboration with it.

Limited amounts of high-dose flu vaccines for seniors may be available throughout the season. Check https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/cdph/supp_info/health-protection/flu-clinics-in-the-city-of-chicago.html for updates.

This view and the underlying dataset approximately follow https://github.com/codeforamerica/flu-shot-spec/blob/master/data-format.csv and are designed for use by https://github.com/tkompare/chicagoflushots.

For more information about the flu, go to https://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdph/provdrs/flu.html.

List of free flu clinics offered throughout Chicago, either by the Department of Public Health or in collaboration with it.

Unlike older versions of the flu shot datasets, this one combines multiple years and will grow over the years. Seasons are now identified by the years they span (e.g., 2018-2019) instead of the year in which they begin (e.g., 2018).

Each season has a filtered view showing only records from that season. These filtered views can be used for almost all purposes as if they were datasets.

This dataset approximately follows https://github.com/codeforamerica/flu-shot-spec/blob/master/data-format.csv and is designed for use by https://github.com/tkompare/chicagoflushots.

For more information about the flu, go to https://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdph/provdrs/flu.html.

The purpose of this service and map is to inform the public of the date, time and location of Flu Shot Clinics being offered by the Burlington County, NJ Health Department in 2017 & early 2018.

Locations and times were provided by the Health Department but new clinics may have been added. More information, including BCHD Flu Vaccine Consent forms, is available at http://co.burlington.nj.us/355/Flu-Information . Please bring completed consent forms with you!

Note that children under 18 will only be given vaccines at those clinics for children (adults can be vaccinated at these clinics as well. No children under 18 years of age will be vaccinated at Adult Only clinics.

AimsInfluenza infection is a health burden in children, and the influenza vaccine is an important prevention strategy for flu illness. Parents play a crucial role in children’s influenza vaccination. The study aimed to assess parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to influenza illness for their children and explore factors that may impact their decisions.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from November 2022 to April 2023. Answers to KAP questions regarding influenza illness and vaccination were summed, with a total KAP score of 20. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models and linear regression models were conducted to explore the factors associated with influenza vaccination. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs), β, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOverall, 530 parents were respondents, of whom 162 (30.56%) had vaccinated their children during the past year. The mean KAP score (standard deviation) was 13.40 (3.57). Compared to parents who reported non-vaccinated for their children in the past year, the parents who reported an influenza vaccination have higher knowledge scores, attitude scores, practice scores, and total scores. Child body mass index, parental education level (under college), parental work (part-time), and more than two family members over 60 years old were negatively correlated with knowledge score. Child health condition and knowledge score were positively correlated with attitude score. Parental age was negatively associated with attitude score.ConclusionThough high awareness about influenza illness and vaccination for parents, the coverage rate of influenza vaccination in children was lower in Guangzhou. Implementing public health policies is necessary to spread knowledge about influenza illness and vaccination and to promote the practice of receiving the influenza vaccine in children. Education campaigns would help change the attitudes of parents toward vaccinating their children against the flu.

Healthcare worker influenza immunization rates represents the influenza immunization rates for healthcare workers within the Nova Scotia Health Authority and the IWK. The rates are collected and reported annually by the health authorities. Healthcare workers who get the flu vaccine provide a layer of protection to themselves and to patients from getting influenza and help prevent influenza outbreaks. Measuring, monitoring, and reporting the rate of healthcare worker influenza immunization can assist hospitals with evaluating the effectiveness of their occupational health/infection prevention and control programs and explore ways to increase the number of healthcare workers who get the flu shot. Data fields include: Year, Health Authority, Health Authority Zone, Immunization Rate, Provincial Target

Sequential infection with antigenically distinct influenza viruses induces cross-protective immune responses against heterologous virus strains in animal models. Here we investigated whether sequential immunization with antigenically distinct influenza vaccines can also provide cross-protection. To this end, we compared immune responses and protective potential against challenge with A(H1N1)pdm09 in mice infected sequentially with seasonal A(H1N1) virus followed by A(H3N2) virus or immunized sequentially with whole inactivated virus (WIV) or subunit (SU) vaccine derived from these viruses. Sequential infection provided solid cross-protection against A(H1N1)pdm09 infection while sequential vaccination with WIV, though not capable of preventing weight loss upon infection completely, protected the mice from reaching the humane endpoint. In contrast, sequential SU vaccination did not prevent rapid and extensive weight loss. Protection correlated with levels of cross-reactive but non-neutralizing antibodies of the IgG2a subclass, general increase of memory T cells and induction of influenza-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Adoptive serum transfer experiments revealed that despite lacking neutralizing activity, serum antibodies induced by sequential infection protected mice from weight loss and vigorous virus growth in the lungs upon A(H1N1)pdm09 virus challenge. Antibodies induced by WIV vaccination alleviated symptoms but could not control virus growth in the lung. Depletion of T cells prior to challenge revealed that CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, contributed to cross-protection. These results imply that sequential immunization with WIV but not SU derived from antigenically distinct viruses could alleviate the severity of infection caused by a pandemic and may improve protection to unpredictable seasonal infection.

This dataset contains information from a population-based survey, which investigated human exposure to live poultry, population psychological response and behavioral changes of the community members during two waves of influenza A(H7N9) epidemics in Southern China in 2013-2014. The dataset has 3 files. One file named "population_wt.csv" contained population profile of the study sites; One file named "H7N9 survey China_Questionarie_eng.doc" was the survey questionaire; The third file named "dataset_H7N9.csv" contained raw data acquired during the two waves of A(H7N9) epidemics,a data frame with 1657 observations on the following 44 variables. Survey ##a numeric vector indicating 2 round of the surveys conducted at different waves of A(H7N9) epidemics## 1=the first round (the first wave in year 2013) 2= the second round (the second wave in year 2014) Place ##a numeric vector: where the subject live## 5=Guangzhou 10=Zijin County, Heyuan City SG3 ##a numeric vector: the gender of the subject## 1=Female 2=Male SG4_b ##a numeric vector: the age group of the subject, unit=years## 1=18-24 2=25-34 3=35-44 4=45-54 5=55-64 6=65+ SG6 ##a numeric vector: the marital status of the subject## 1=Single 2=Married 3=Divorced /separated 4=Widowed 5=Refuse to answer SG8 ##a numeric vector: the educational attainment of the subject## 1=Illiteracy 2=Primary school 3=Middle school 4=High school 5=College and above SG12 ##a numeric vector: the average income of the subject, unit=Chinese Yuan## 1=Less than l,000 2=1,001—2,000 3=2,001—3,000 4=3,001—4,000 5=4,001—6,000 6=6,001—8,000 7=8,001—10,000 8=10,001—2,000 9=15,001—20,000 10=20,001—30,000 11=More than 30,001 12=No income 13=Don’t know 14=Refuse to answer AX1_a ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I feel rested ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_b ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I feel content ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_c ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I feel comfortable ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_d ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I am relaxed ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_e ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I feel pleasant ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_f ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I feel anxious ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_g ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I feel nervous ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_h ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I am jittery ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_i ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I feel “high strung” ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So AX1_j ##a numeric vector: the anxiety level of the subject, I feel over-excited and “rattled” ## 1=Not at all 2=Sometimes 3=Moderately So 4=Very Much So BF4b##a numeric vector indicating the subject's rate of worriness towards H7N9 avian flu, 1 being very mild to 10 being very severe## EM1 ##a numeric vector: How often did you go to wet markets in the past year ## 1=1-2/year 2=3-5/year 3=6-11/year 4=1-3/month 5=1-2/week 6=3-5/week 7=Almost every day 8=Almost not EM2 ##a numeric vector: How often did you buy poultry in wet markets in the past year ## 1=1-2/year 2=3-5/year 3=6-11/year 4=1-3/month 5=1-2/week 6=3-5/week 7=Almost every day 8=Almost not EM3 ##a numeric vector: Did you usually pick up the poultry for examination before deciding to buy it ## 1=Yes 2=No 3=Sometime “yes”, sometime “no” EM4 ##a numeric vector: Where was the live poultry slaughtered when you bought it? ## 1=Always in wet market 2=Usually in wet market 3=Usually in my household 4=Always in my household 5=Other places EM5 ##a numeric vector: Have your habit of buying live poultry changed since the first human H7N9 case was released in the past month ## 1=Yes, not buying since then 2=No, still buying and eating live poultry 3=Still buying but less than before EM6 ##a numeric vector: Would you support permanent closure of live poultry markets in order to control avian influenza epidemics ## 1=Strongly agree 2=Agree 3=Not agree 4=Strongly disagree 5=Don’t know EM8 ##a numeric vector: Have your raised live poultry in your backyard in the past year ## 1=Yes 2=No BF1 ##a numeric vector indicating risk perception of the subject: How likely do you think it is that you will contract H7N9 avian flu over the next 1 month ## 1=Never 2=Very unlikely 3=Unlikely 4=Evens 5=Likely 6=Very likely 7=Certain BF2a ##a numeric vector indicating risk perception of the subject: What do you think are your chances of getting H7N9 avian flu over the next 1 month compared to other people outside your family of a similar age ## 1=Not at all 2=Much less 3=Less 4=Evens 5=More 6=Much more 7=Certain BF3_l ##a numeric vector indicating knowledge of the subject: H7N9 avian flu is spread by the body contact with patients ## 1=Yes 2=No 3=Don’t Know BF3_m ##a numeric vector indicating knowledge of the subject: H7N9 avian flu is spread by touching objects that have been contaminated by the virus ## 1=Yes 2=No 3=Don’t Know BF3_n ##a numeric vector indicating knowledge of the subject: H7N9 avian flu is spread by the close contact with chickens in a wet market ## 1=Yes 2=No 3=Don’t Know BF4 ##a numeric vector: If you were to develop flu-like symptoms tomorrow, would you be... ## 1=Not at all worried 2=Much less worried than normal 3=Worried less than normal 4=About same 5=Worried more than normal 6=Worried much more than normal 7=Extremely worried BF4a ##a numeric vector indicating risk perception of the subject: In the past one week, have you ever worried about catching H7N9 avian flu ## 1=No, never think about it 2=Think about it but it doesn’t worry me 3=Worries me a bit 4=Worries me a lot 5=Worry about it all the time BF5a ##a numeric vector indicating risk perception of the subject: How does H7N9 avian flu compare with seasonal flu in terms of seriousness ## 1=Much higher 2=A little higher 3=Same 4=A little lower 5=Much lower 6=Don’t Know BF5b ##a numeric vector indicating risk perception of the subject: How does H7N9 avian flu compare with H5N1 avian flu in terms of seriousness ## 1=Much higher 2=A little higher 3=Same 4=A little lower 5=Much lower 6=Don’t Know BF5c ##a numeric vector indicating risk perception of the subject: How does H7N9 avian flu compare with SARS in terms of seriousness ## 1=Much higher 2=A little higher 3=Same 4=A little lower 5=Much lower 6=Don’t Know BF7 ##a numeric vector evaluating the current performance of the national government in controlling H7N9 avian flu, (0=extremely poor, 5=moderate, 10=excellent) ## BF7a ##a numeric vector evaluating the current performance of the provincial/city government in controlling H7N9 avian flu, (0=extremely poor, 5=moderate, 10=excellent) ## PM2 ##a numeric vector indicating the preventive behavior of the subject, covering the mouth when sneeze or cough ## 1=Always 2=Usually 3=Sometimes 4=Never 5=Don’t know 6=Not applicable (no sneeze or cough) PM3 ##a numeric vector indicating the preventive behavior of the subject, washing hands after sneezing, coughing or touching nose ## 1=Always 2=Usually 3=Sometimes 4=Never 5=Don’t know 6=Not applicable (no sneeze or cough) PM3a ##a numeric vector indicating the preventive behavior of the subject,washing hands after returning home ## 1=Always 2=Usually 3=Sometimes 4=Never 5=Don’t know 6=Not applicable (never go out) PM4 ##a numeric vector indicating the preventive behavior of the subject,using liquid soap when washing hands ## 1=Always 2=Usually 3=Sometimes 4=Never 5=Don’t know PM5 ##a numeric vector indicating the preventive behavior of the subject,wearing face mask ## 1=Always 2=Usually 3=Sometimes 4=Never 5=Don’t know PM7 ##a numeric vector:If free H7N9 flu vaccine is available in the coming month, would you consider receiving it ## 1=Yes 2=No 3=Not sure 4=Don’t know

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