Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Karnataka data was reported at 92.000 Person in 2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 93.000 Person for 2010. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Karnataka data is updated yearly, averaging 94.000 Person from Sep 2001 (Median) to 2011, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 94.000 Person in 2009 and a record low of 90.000 Person in 2001. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Karnataka data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDB009: Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School.

Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower: Manipur data was reported at 102.000 Person in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 95.000 Person for 2010. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower: Manipur data is updated yearly, averaging 96.500 Person from Sep 2006 (Median) to 2011, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 102.000 Person in 2011 and a record low of 95.000 Person in 2010. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower: Manipur data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDC012: Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower.

Using state-level variation in the timing of political reforms, we find that an increase in female representation in local government induces a large and significant rise in documented crimes against women in India. Our evidence suggests that this increase is good news, driven primarily by greater reporting rather than greater incidence of such crimes. In contrast, we find no increase in crimes against men or in gender-neutral crimes. We also examine the effectiveness of alternative forms of political representation. Large scale membership of women in local councils affects crime against them more than their presence in higher-level leadership positions. (JEL D72, J16, K42, O15, O17)

India Number of Students: Primary School: Girl data was reported at 62,250,000.000 Person in 2015. This records a decrease from the previous number of 62,890,000.000 Person for 2014. India Number of Students: Primary School: Girl data is updated yearly, averaging 62,761,250.500 Person from Sep 2000 (Median) to 2015, with 16 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 67,231,371.000 Person in 2011 and a record low of 49,800,000.000 Person in 2000. India Number of Students: Primary School: Girl data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Higher Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDB003: Number of Students: Primary School.

This statistic presents the results of a survey on perceived number of sexual intercourses young women had in the past four weeks in India as of October 2018. According to data published by Ipsos, Indian respondents overestimated the amount of sex that female aged 18 to 29 were having in the country. On average, the respondents thought that young Indian women have had sex 27 times in the past four weeks, when the actual average number of intercourses was three.

Can gender-based “enclaves” facilitate women’s access to justice? I examine all-female police stations in India and test whether group-specific institutions assist victims of gender-based violence and female officers in law enforcement. I create an original dataset based on Indian police reports and leverage the manner in which all-women police stations were opened in Haryana state to estimate their causal effect.

India Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower data was reported at 90.000 Person in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 89.000 Person for 2012. India Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower data is updated yearly, averaging 81.500 Person from Sep 2006 (Median) to 2013, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 90.000 Person in 2013 and a record low of 73.000 Person in 2006. India Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Department of Higher Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDC012: Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower.

Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Uttar Pradesh data was reported at 92.000 Person in 2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 93.000 Person for 2010. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Uttar Pradesh data is updated yearly, averaging 86.000 Person from Sep 2001 (Median) to 2011, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 96.000 Person in 2009 and a record low of 57.000 Person in 2001. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Uttar Pradesh data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDB009: Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School.

Abstract

The National Family Health Survey 2019-21 (NFHS-5), the fifth in the NFHS series, provides information on population, health, and nutrition for India, each state/union territory (UT), and for 707 districts.

The primary objective of the 2019-21 round of National Family Health Surveys is to provide essential data on health and family welfare, as well as data on emerging issues in these areas, such as levels of fertility, infant and child mortality, maternal and child health, and other health and family welfare indicators by background characteristics at the national and state levels. Similar to NFHS-4, NFHS-5 also provides information on several emerging issues including perinatal mortality, high-risk sexual behaviour, safe injections, tuberculosis, noncommunicable diseases, and the use of emergency contraception.

The information collected through NFHS-5 is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in setting benchmarks and examining progress over time in India’s health sector. Besides providing evidence on the effectiveness of ongoing programmes, NFHS-5 data will help to identify the need for new programmes in specific health areas.

The clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical (CAB) component of NFHS-5 is designed to provide vital estimates of the prevalence of malnutrition, anaemia, hypertension, high blood glucose levels, and waist and hip circumference, Vitamin D3, HbA1c, and malaria parasites through a series of biomarker tests and measurements.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15 to 54

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men age 15-54, and all children aged 0-5 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

A uniform sample design, which is representative at the national, state/union territory, and district level, was adopted in each round of the survey. Each district is stratified into urban and rural areas. Each rural stratum is sub-stratified into smaller substrata which are created considering the village population and the percentage of the population belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes (SC/ST). Within each explicit rural sampling stratum, a sample of villages was selected as Primary Sampling Units (PSUs); before the PSU selection, PSUs were sorted according to the literacy rate of women age 6+ years. Within each urban sampling stratum, a sample of Census Enumeration Blocks (CEBs) was selected as PSUs. Before the PSU selection, PSUs were sorted according to the percentage of SC/ST population. In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 22 households per cluster was selected with an equal probability systematic selection from a newly created list of households in the selected PSUs. The list of households was created as a result of the mapping and household listing operation conducted in each selected PSU before the household selection in the second stage. In all, 30,456 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) were selected across the country in NFHS-5 drawn from 707 districts as on March 31st 2017, of which fieldwork was completed in 30,198 PSUs.

For further details on sample design, see Section 1.2 of the final report.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four survey schedules/questionnaires: Household, Woman, Man, and Biomarker were canvassed in 18 local languages using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI).

Cleaning operations

Electronic data collected in the 2019-21 National Family Health Survey were received on a daily basis via the SyncCloud system at the International Institute for Population Sciences, where the data were stored on a password-protected computer. Secondary editing of the data, which required resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions, was conducted in the field by the Field Agencies and at the Field Agencies central office, and IIPS checked the secondary edits before the dataset was finalized.

Field-check tables were produced by IIPS and the Field Agencies on a regular basis to identify certain types of errors that might have occurred in eliciting information and recording question responses. Information from the field-check tables on the performance of each fieldwork team and individual investigator was promptly shared with the Field Agencies during the fieldwork so that the performance of the teams could be improved, if required.

Response rate

A total of 664,972 households were selected for the sample, of which 653,144 were occupied. Among the occupied households, 636,699 were successfully interviewed, for a response rate of 98 percent.

In the interviewed households, 747,176 eligible women age 15-49 were identified for individual women’s interviews. Interviews were completed with 724,115 women, for a response rate of 97 percent. In all, there were 111,179 eligible men age 15-54 in households selected for the state module. Interviews were completed with 101,839 men, for a response rate of 92 percent.

In 2022, the total number of rape cases reported in India amounted to over 31 thousand. This was a slight decrease in rape cases compared to the previous year. Even though many rapes are not reported in the country, it is an issue that continuously makes news headlines, some leading to public protests. Although reports of rape have increased in recent years, it was still associated with shame for the victim, rather than the perpetrator. The justice system  A victim of rape in India not only experiences social stigmatization but what is more, her fight for justice is not made easy due to the system that often faults the victim for their misfortune. Instances have been reported where victims are confronted with hostile conditions at police stations and have been often pressured to withdraw their cases. However, once a case goes to trial, it can take decades before anything is resolved. Rape cases in particular, face huge backlog where the number of new cases supersede the number of cases disposed every year. The process is arduous and could add so much trauma to the victim’s life that they often buckle under pressure from family of their own or that of the perpetrator.  Women in India India is known to be one of the most dangerous countries in the world for women. Indian women are constantly in a state of high alert when alone on the streets, at work or in the markets. Due to India’s predominantly patriarchal nature, domestic violence is known to be culturally acceptable. Studies reveal that even a majority of working women suffer domestic abuse from their husbands. A non-earning woman’s position further exacerbates vulnerability and dependence on their male partner as opposed to a woman who contributors financially to the household. Rampant poverty across the country is the main driver for low literacy rates and consequently, disempowerment and abuse among women.

India Census: Population: Female: Age: 40 data was reported at 13,355,581.000 Person in 2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13,434,269.000 Person for 2001. India Census: Population: Female: Age: 40 data is updated yearly, averaging 13,434,269.000 Person from Mar 1991 (Median) to 2011, with 3 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13,480,828.000 Person in 1991 and a record low of 13,355,581.000 Person in 2011. India Census: Population: Female: Age: 40 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Census of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Demographic – Table IN.GAD002: Census: Population: by Single Age.

In 2023, India had over 1.2 billion internet users across the country. This figure was projected to grow to over 1.6 billion users by 2050, indicating a big market potential in internet services for the South Asian country. In fact, India was ranked as the second largest online market worldwide in 2022, second only to China. The number of internet users was estimated to increase in both urban as well as rural regions, indicating a dynamic growth in access to internet.

Mobile connectivity

Of the total internet users in the country, a majority of the people access the internet via their mobile phones. There were nearly the same amount of smartphone users as internet users across the country. Cheap availability of mobile data, a growing smartphone user base in the country along with the utility value of smartphones compared to desktops and tablets are some of the factors contributing to the mobile heavy internet access in India.

Growth is on the cards

Despite the large number of internet users in the country, the internet penetration levels took longer to catch up equally. At the same time, the number of women who have access to internet is much lower than men in the country, and the bias is even more evident in rural India. Similarly, internet usage is lower among older adults in the country due to internet literacy and technological know-how. By encouraging internet accessibility among marginalized groups including women, older people and rural inhabitants in the country, India’s digital footprint has significant headroom to grow.

The female labor force participation rate in India increased by 4.7 percentage points (+16.8 percent) in 2023 in comparison to the previous year. With 32.68 percent, the rate thereby reached its highest value in the observed period. Female labor force participation is the share of women over 15 years who are economically active. For example, all women providing labor in a specific period for the production of goods and services.

The gender ratio in India was 900 between 2013 and 2015. This meant, for every 1,000 males, 900 females were present. Among its states, Chhattisgarh had the highest gender ratio at 961 in 2015 and 2016, while Haryana recorded the least at 833.

Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Haryana data was reported at 89.000 Person in 2011. This stayed constant from the previous number of 89.000 Person for 2010. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Haryana data is updated yearly, averaging 88.000 Person from Sep 2001 (Median) to 2011, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 97.000 Person in 2008 and a record low of 84.000 Person in 2002. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School: Haryana data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDB009: Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Primary School.

As per a survey conducted across the country among students, the participation at work for men in India was expected to be 64 percent in 2024, a decrease from the participation rate in 2023. A fluctuating trend emerged in the participation rate of this segment of India's workforce since 2016. Meanwhile, the participation at work for women in the organized sector increased from 33 percent in 2023 to 36 percent in 2024 but still a wide gender gap persists.

In 2022, over 66 out of every 100 thousand women in India were victims of a crime. In comparison to the last year's figures, a rise in the crime rate was observed. Several psychological and patriarchal factors can result in an escalation of crime against women.

India IN: Share of Female Employment in Senior and Middle Management data was reported at 12.890 % in 2012. This records an increase from the previous number of 12.230 % for 2010. India IN: Share of Female Employment in Senior and Middle Management data is updated yearly, averaging 13.420 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2012, with 4 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 15.220 % in 2005 and a record low of 12.230 % in 2010. India IN: Share of Female Employment in Senior and Middle Management data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.WDI: Employment and Unemployment. The proportion of females in total employment in senior and middle management. It corresponds to major group 1 in both ISCO-08 and ISCO-88 minus category 14 in ISCO-08 (hospitality, retail and other services managers) and minus category 13 in ISCO-88 (general managers), since these comprise mainly managers of small enterprises.; ; International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in November 2018.; ;

Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower: Bihar data was reported at 79.000 Person in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 73.000 Person for 2010. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower: Bihar data is updated yearly, averaging 66.000 Person from Sep 2006 (Median) to 2011, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 79.000 Person in 2011 and a record low of 50.000 Person in 2006. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower: Bihar data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDC012: Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Lower.

Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Senior: Punjab data was reported at 85.000 Person in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 84.000 Person for 2010. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Senior: Punjab data is updated yearly, averaging 83.500 Person from Sep 2006 (Median) to 2011, with 6 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.000 Person in 2011 and a record low of 79.000 Person in 2007. Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Senior: Punjab data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Education. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Education Sector – Table IN.EDC013: Enrolment: Number of Girls per 100 Boys: Secondary School: Senior.