Background By 1990, 94 percent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in Romania were in children less than 13 years of age. The majority of the cases were identified in the city of Constanta. The purpose of this paper was to describe the current burden of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the Constanta county.

   Methods
   A cross-sectional study was designed to address the primary objective. Between April 1999 and March 2000, all living cases of pediatric HIV infection in the Constanta county were identified from records at the HIV hospital clinic which serves the Constanta county. Standard demographic, social, clinical, treatment and hospitalization data were collected for each study subject. Data were analyzed according to cross-sectional study design methodology.


   Results
   Of the 762 subjects, the majority were seven to 11 years of age, lived with their parents and attended school. Only 70% of the fathers and 13% of the mothers were employed. Horizontal transmission accounted for 90% of the cases. Most of the children had moderate to severe disease as indicated by their AIDS-defining signs; 40% had AIDS. Less than half of the children were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART and children of mothers with a high school or greater education were independent predictors of long-term non-progression of HIV disease.


   Conclusions
   This cross-sectional study demonstrated that ten years after the HIV epidemic was identified in Romania, it remains a health and economic burden. The infected children are very ill, but ART is not available for all. The proportion with vertical transmission has increased from an estimated four % to nine %. Our findings support the need to get HIV therapy to economically challenged countries such as Romania.

KAP study HIV Data

Description: This data set has the statistics of the FETcolleges and public schools in South Africa addressing human resources regarding educators and student educators. It also addresses staff loss and relative wealth ranking. There are 1508 records and 119 variables. Abstract: The study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on educators in South African public schools build on other studies conducted on HIV/AIDS epidemic. In response to HIV/AIDS resolutions of the education convention of 2002, this study sought for deeper understanding of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector and effectiveness of policies and programmes in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa. The process of planning for human resources in the teaching profession is crucial to the supply and demand of sufficiently qualified educators. Understanding of drivers of the HIV/AIDS epidemic for educators, direction the epidemic takes and precise impact it has on educators is essential. The HIV/AIDS epidemic complicated prediction of teacher attrition and mortality. For this reason, the South African Education Labour Relations Council (ELRC) commissioned the HSRC-led consortium to undertake this study. The study aimed at gathering information to assist the government and unions in the ELRC in planning educator supply/demand at national, provincial and district level. The specific objectives were to determine: the prevalence of HIV, drivers of the epidemic, the most affected areas, mortality rate, attrition rate, policies currently in place, trend in enrolment of learners and the impact of the life skills programme on HIV/AIDS, amongst educators in public schools in South Africa. The key findings were: high prevalence of HIV amongst the educators and various drivers of HIV/AIDS epidemic namely behavioural, knowledge deficit, lack of self-efficacy skills, migratory practices, gender, and alcohol misuse. In addition, chronic conditions such as hypertension, stomach ulcers, arthritis and diabetes were common. High proportion of educators would be lost due to job dissatisfaction, job stress and low morale. The health status and working conditions of the educators need to be improved in order to minimize the effect of HIV/AIDS. The ELRC is best suited to facilitate the implementation of the findings made in this study. Clinical measurements Face-to-face interview Public educational institutions and FET colleges in South Africa. A stratified one-stage cluster sample was designed. The explicit strata were provinces, education districts, type of school (i.e. primary versus secondary) and school size. Within each educational district, schools were stratified into 'primary' and 'secondary' schools. Mixed schools (e.g. schools with grades 1 to 9 or 10) were grouped into one of the above categories according to the numbers of pupils in grades 1 to 7 and in grades 8+. The primary sampling unit were the school and the ultimate sampling unit were education personnel. With a view to obtaining a self-weighting sample within explicit strata, schools were drawn 'epsem' (equal probability selection method). The sample frame for the project was the School Register of Needs (2000) data from the national Department of Education (DoE). Eligible sample consisted of 1 766 schools with 24 200 state-paid educators. Informed consent was obtained for those who agreed to participate in the interview and provide a specimen for HIV testing. Pilot study was carried out to test the questionnaire, administration and HIV testing. Registered (South African Nursing Council) nurses were employed conduct interviews and collect either a blood specimen or an oral fluid (Orasure) specimen. Four hundred and thirty six trained nurses carried out the fieldwork. Directors of Education in all provinces selected co-ordinators whose role was to inform about the study. HSRC used Masters and PHD research interns as co-ordinators to make appointments at schools and addressing educators with the aid of the District officers who promoted study participation. Fieldworkers were supported by National field manager, with a separate project manager who managed project progress. School visits times were adapted to avoid disruption of teaching time.

Description: The objective of this study was to collect information about demand and supply of educators based in public educational institutions and FET colleges in South Africa. This data set has 919 records and 326 variables addressing the impact of HIV/AIDS on student educators in South African. It contains the biographic data, study subjects responsibilities, work load, impact of HIV on student educators, absenteeism, morale and job satisfaction, training and support, substance use, violence within schools, sexual behaviour, male condom accessibility, HIV/AIDS knowledge, communication about HIV/AIDS, risk perception, Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT), tuberculosis, health service utilisation, HIV status. The data contains 326 variables and 919 cases. Abstract: The study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on educators in South African public schools build on other studies conducted on HIV/AIDS epidemic. In response to HIV/AIDS resolutions of the education convention of 2002, this study sought for deeper understanding of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector and effectiveness of policies and programmes in addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa. The process of planning for human resources in the teaching profession is crucial to the supply and demand of sufficiently qualified educators. Understanding of drivers of the HIV/AIDS epidemic for educators, direction the epidemic takes and precise impact it has on educators is essential. The HIV/AIDS epidemic complicated prediction of teacher attrition and mortality. For this reason, the South African Education Labour Relations Council (ELRC) commissioned the HSRC-led consortium to undertake this study. The study aimed at gathering information to assist the government and unions in the ELRC in planning educator supply/demand at national, provincial and district level. The specific objectives were to determine: the prevalence of HIV, drivers of the epidemic, the most affected areas, mortality rate, attrition rate, policies currently in place, trend in enrolment of learners and the impact of the life skills programme on HIV/AIDS, amongst educators in public schools in South Africa. The key findings were: high prevalence of HIV amongst the educators and various drivers of HIV/AIDS epidemic namely behavioural, knowledge deficit, lack of self-efficacy skills, migratory practices, gender, and alcohol misuse. In addition, chronic conditions such as hypertension, stomach ulcers, arthritis and diabetes were common. High proportion of educators would be lost due to job dissatisfaction, job stress and low morale. The health status and working conditions of the educators need to be improved in order to minimize the effect of HIV/AIDS. The ELRC is best suited to facilitate the implementation of the findings made in this study. Clinical measurements Face-to-face interview The target population for the project was students from public educational institutions and FET colleges in all nine provinces in South Africa. A stratified one-stage cluster sample was designed. The explicit strata were provinces, education districts, type of school (i.e. primary versus secondary) and school size. Within each educational district, schools were stratified into 'primary' and 'secondary' schools. Mixed schools (e.g. schools with grades 1 to 9 or 10) were grouped into one of the above categories according to the numbers of pupils in grades 1 to 7 and in grades 8+. The primary sampling unit were the school and the ultimate sampling unit were education personnel. With a view to obtaining a self-weighting sample within explicit strata, schools were drawn 'epsem' (equal probability selection method). The sample frame for the project was the School Register of Needs (2000) data from the national Department of Education (DoE). Eligible sample consisted of 1 766 schools with 24 200 state-paid educators.

1991-2017. High School Dataset. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health behaviors among youth and young adults: 1) behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 5) unhealthy dietary behaviors; and 6) physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the prevalence of obesity and asthma and other priority health behaviors.

1991-2017 High School Dataset. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health behaviors among youth and young adults: 
- behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; 
- tobacco use; 
- alcohol and other drug use;
- sexual behaviors related to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 
- unhealthy dietary behaviors; and
- physical inactivity. In addition, YRBSS monitors the prevalence of obesity and asthma and other priority health behaviors.

Correlation between knowledge and attitude, and knowledge and practice. This shows the relationship of participants’ knowledge on HIV/AIDS and their attitude towards people living with HIV and also the relationship of their knowledge and their practices on HIV prevention. (XLSX 11 kb)

BackgroundInvestigation of household contacts exposed to infectious tuberculosis (TB) is widely recommended by international guidelines to identify secondary cases of TB and limit spread. There is little data to guide the use of contact investigations outside of the household, despite strong evidence that most TB infections occur outside of the home in TB high burden settings. In older adolescents, the majority of infections are estimated to occur in school. Therefore, as part of a project to increase active case finding in Swaziland, we performed school contact investigations following the identification of a student with infectious TB.MethodsThe Butimba Project identified 7 adolescent TB index cases (age 10–20) with microbiologically confirmed disease attending 6 different schools between June 2014 and March 2015. In addition to household contact investigations, Butimba Project staff worked with the Swaziland School Health Programme (SHP) to perform school contact investigations. At 6 school TB screening events, between May and October 2015, selected students underwent voluntary TB screening and those with positive symptom screens provided sputum for TB testing.ResultsAmong 2015 student contacts tested, 177 (9%) screened positive for TB symptoms, 132 (75%) produced a sputum sample, of which zero tested positive for TB. Household contact investigations of the same index cases yielded 40 contacts; 24 (60%) screened positive for symptoms; 19 produced a sputum sample, of which one case was confirmed positive for TB. The odds ratio of developing TB following household vs. school contact exposure was significantly lower (OR 0.0, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.18, P = 0.02) after exposure in school.ConclusionSchool-based contact investigations require further research to establish best practices in TB high burden settings. In this case, a symptom-based screening approach did not identify additional cases of tuberculosis. In comparison, household contact investigations yielded a higher percentage of contacts with positive TB screens and an additional tuberculosis case.

Variation in KAP by gender. This shows an analysis of variation in KAP between male and female participants. (XLSX 15 kb)

The 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 8,531 women age 15-49 and 2,503 men age 15-54. The UDHS is the fourth comprehensive survey conducted in Uganda as part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) project. The primary purpose of the UDHS is to furnish policymakers and planners with detailed information on fertility; family planning; infant, child, adult, and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; nutrition; and knowledge of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections. In addition, in one in three households selected for the survey, women age 15-49, men age 15-54, and children under age 5 years were weighed and their height was measured. Women, men, and children age 6-59 months in this subset of households were tested for anaemia, and women and children were tested for vitamin A deficiency. The 2006 UDHS is the first DHS survey in Uganda to cover the entire country. The 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) was designed to provide information on demographic, health, and family planning status and trends in the country. Specifically, the UDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, and breastfeeding practices. In addition, data were collected on the nutritional status of mothers and young children; infant, child, adult, and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; awareness and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections; and levels of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency. The 2006 UDHS is a follow-up to the 1988-1989, 1995, and 2000-2001 UDHS surveys, which were also implemented by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). The specific objectives of the 2006 UDHS are as follows: To collect data at the national level that will allow the calculation of demographic rates, particularly the fertility and infant mortality rates To analyse the direct and indirect factors that determine the level and trends in fertility and mortality To measure the level of contraceptive knowledge and practice of women and men by method, by urban-rural residence, and by region To collect data on knowledge and attitudes of women and men about sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS, and to evaluate patterns of recent behaviour regarding condom use To assess the nutritional status of children under age five and women by means of anthropometric measurements (weight and height), and to assess child feeding practices To collect data on family health, including immunizations, prevalence and treatment of diarrhoea and other diseases among children under five, antenatal visits, assistance at delivery, and breastfeeding To measure vitamin A deficiency in women and children, and to measure anaemia in women, men, and children To measure key education indicators including school attendance ratios and primary school grade repetition and dropout rates To collect information on the extent of disability To collect information on the extent of gender-based violence. MAIN RESULTS Fertility : Survey results indicate that the total fertility rate (TFR) for the country is 6.7 births per woman. The TFR in urban areas is much lower than in the rural areas (4.4 and 7.1 children, respectively). Kampala, whose TFR is 3.7, has the lowest fertility. Fertility rates in Central 1, Central 2, and Southwest regions are also lower than the national level. Removing four districts from the 2006 data that were not covered in the 20002001 UDHS, the 2006 TFR is 6.5 births per woman, compared with 6.9 from the 2000-2001 UDHS. Education and wealth have a marked effect on fertility, with uneducated mothers having about three more children on average than women with at least some secondary education and women in the lowest wealth quintile having almost twice as many children as women in the highest wealth quintile. Family planning : Overall, knowledge of family planning has remained consistently high in Uganda over the past five years, with 97 percent of all women and 98 percent of all men age 15-49 having heard of at least one method of contraception. Pills, injectables, and condoms are the most widely known modern methods among both women and men. Maternal health : Ninety-four percent of women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey received antenatal care from a skilled health professional for their last birth. These results are comparable to the 2000-2001 UDHS. Only 47 percent of women make four or more antenatal care visits during their entire pregnancy, an improvement from 42 percent in the 2000-2001 UDHS. The median duration of pregnancy for the first antenatal visit is 5.5 months, indicating that Ugandan women start antenatal care at a relatively late stage in pregnancy. Child health : Forty-six percent of children age 12-23 months have been fully vaccinated. Over nine in ten (91 percent) have received the BCG vaccination, and 68 percent have been vaccinated against measles. The coverage for the first doses of DPT and polio is relatively high (90 percent for each). However, only 64 percent go on to receive the third dose of DPT, and only 59 percent receive their third dose of polio vaccine. There are notable improvements in vaccination coverage since the 2000-2001 UDHS. The percentage of children age 12-23 months fully vaccinated at the time of the survey increased from 37 percent in 2000-2001 to 44 percent in 2006. The percentage who had received none of the six basic vaccinations decreased from 13 percent in 2000-2001 to 8 percent in 2006. Malaria : The 2006 UDHS gathered information on the use of mosquito nets, both treated and untreated. The data show that only 34 percent of households in Uganda own a mosquito net, with 16 percent of households owning an insecticide-treated net (ITN). Only 22 percent of children under five slept under a mosquito net on the night before the interview, while a mere 10 percent slept under an ITN. Breastfeeding and nutrition : In Uganda, almost all children are breastfed at some point. However, only six in ten children under the age of 6 months are exclusively breast-fed. HIV/AIDS AND stis : Knowledge of AIDS is very high and widespread in Uganda. In terms of HIV prevention strategies, women and men are most aware that the chances of getting the AIDS virus can be reduced by limiting sex to one uninfected partner who has no other partners (89 percent of women and 95 percent of men) or by abstaining from sexual intercourse (86 percent of women and 93 percent of men). Knowledge of condoms and the role they can play in preventing transmission of the AIDS virus is not quite as high (70 percent of women and 84 percent of men). Orphanhood and vulnerability : Almost one in seven children under age 18 is orphaned (15 percent), that is, one or both parents are dead. Only 3 percent of children under the age of 18 have lost both biological parents. Women's status and gender violence : Data for the 2006 UDHS show that women in Uganda are generally less educated than men. Although the gender gap has narrowed in recent years, 19 percent of women age 15-49 have never been to school, compared with only 5 percent of men in the same age group. Mortality : At current mortality levels, one in every 13 Ugandan children dies before reaching age one, while one in every seven does not survive to the fifth birthday. After removing districts not covered in the 2000-2001 UDHS from the 2006 data, findings show that infant mortality has declined from 89 deaths per 1,000 live births in the 2000-2001 UDHS to 75 in the 2006 UDHS. Under-five mortality has declined from 158 deaths per 1,000 live births to 137.

Variation in KAP by age group of participants. Description of data: This presents a comparative analysis of KAP between study participants in various age groups. (XLSX 14 kb)

Abstract

The 1993 Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development was an integrated household survey similar in design to a World Bank Living Standards Measurement Survey. The main component was a comprehensive household questionnaire that collected a broad array of information on the socio-economic condition of households. Households in Kwazulu-Natal province were re-surveyed from March to June 1998 for the Kwazulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study. Combining these two survey datasets has yielded a panel (or longitudinal) dataset in which the same individuals and households have been interviewed at two points in time, 1993 and 1998. These are the first two waves of the KIDS panel study. The third wave of the KIDS study, conducted in 2004, re-interviewed households contacted in 1993 and 1998. The institutions collaborating on the 2004 KIDS study included the School of Development Studies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), and the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Geographic coverage

The survey covered households in KwaZulu-Natal Province, on the east coast of South Africa.

Analysis unit

Other

Universe

The Kwazulu Natal Income Dynamics Study 2004 covered all household members.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

In the 2004 wave of the KIDS, due to the aging of the core members and the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, the study was extended in a complementary way to track and interview the households of the children of the core or the next generation. These are sons and daughters of core members older than 18, who have established a "new" household since 1993 (labeled as "K"). By establishing a new household we mean that these children are now living away from their own parents with their own children, or with the children of their partner. Using the next generation to keep track of family "dynasties" provides a way of refreshing the panel and establishing a generational transition. In addition, due to our interest in the impact on children of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, the 2004 wave followed foster children to their new households. This group is defined as children aged less than 18 years old of core and next generation household members who no longer live with their parents i.e. no longer live in core or next generation households (labeled as "N"). As described in Appendix A, different questionnaire modules were administered in the core, next generation, and foster child households.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The 2004 wave of KIDS included a section on the Child Support Grant, a module on recent deaths of household members, and a module with learning tests for children between the ages of seven and nine. The 2004 version also added a section on the work history of those aged between 24 and 30 at the time of interview. The household questionnaire was necessarily quite involved and, to ensure data quality, survey enumerators were trained for over two weeks. Training included practice interviewing on non-sample households in the field and separate anthropometric training. The questionnaire took an average of three hours to complete and repeat visits were often required to avoid respondent fatigue. Finally, in all three waves of KIDS, community surveys were taken through interviews with key informants in each of the survey clusters. In 2004 the community questionnaire included new sections on local social networks in addition to sections on local economic activity, infrastructure, and prices.

The Ugandan government is committed to scaling-up proven HIV prevention strategies including safe male circumcision, and innovative strategies are needed to increase circumcision uptake. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of implementing a soccer-based intervention (“Make The Cut”) among schoolboys in a peri-urban district of Uganda. The intervention was led by trained, recently circumcised “coaches” who facilitated a 60-minute session delivered in schools, including an interactive penalty shoot-out game using metaphors for HIV prevention, sharing of the coaches’ circumcision story, group discussion and ongoing engagement from the coach to facilitate linkage to male circumcision. The study took place in four secondary schools in Entebbe sub-district, Uganda. Acceptability of safe male circumcision was assessed through a cross-sectional quantitative survey. The feasibility of implementing the intervention was assessed by piloting the intervention in one school, modifying it, and implementing the modified version in a second school. Perceptions of the intervention were assessed with in-depth interviews with participants. Of the 210 boys in the cross-sectional survey, 59% reported being circumcised. Findings showed high levels of knowledge and generally favourable perceptions of circumcision. The initial implementation of Make The Cut resulted in 6/58 uncircumcised boys (10.3%) becoming circumcised. Changes made included increasing engagement with parents and improved liaison with schools regarding the timing of the intervention. Following this, uptake improved to 18/69 (26.1%) in the second school. In-depth interviews highlighted the important role of family and peer support and the coach in facilitating the decision to circumcise. This study showed that the modified Make The Cut intervention may be effective to increase uptake of safe male circumcision in this population. However, the intervention is time-intensive, and further work is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the intervention conducted at scale.

Description: This data set contains information on the households that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Information was collected from the primary respondent on themselves and their knowledge of the other household members. For the household survey, 1961 of the 2032 (96.5%) eligible families participated and completed the baseline survey. Abstract: More than two decades after the end of Apartheid, the well-being of South African children is still in a precarious state. An emerging body of research examines the role that poverty and HIV/AIDS play in household functioning, parental illness and death, children's adverse experiences and children's health, education and psychosocial development (e.g. Birdthistle, 2004, Foster & Williamson, 2000; Richter, 2004; Williamson, 2000). However, many urgent scientific and policy questions remain. These include: What are the separate and combined effects of household poverty, parental illness and death on household functioning and children's adverse life experiences and well-being? How do communities, households and children cope with the dual crises of poverty and HIV/AIDS? Who is able to access government-funded grants and services and what is the impact of these on household conditions, children's adverse experiences and children's well-being? How does the impact of grants and services on households and children vary as a function of community factors? The overarching goals of "Sibhekelela izingane zethu" or "We look out for our children" are to generate usable knowledge about how South African children are being affected by the co-occurring adversities caused by household poverty and HIV/AIDS, and assess the reach and influence of current government-funded grants and services. Data was collected from 24 communities defined by careful GIS mapping. All households were visited and those with a child between the ages of 7 and 10 years enrolled. Data was collected on all household members, the child's Caregiver and the child. More specifically, the major themes explored in the Household Survey were: Demographics Education Health Social welfare and service access Employment Positive and negative household shocks Living environment and food security Community participation and cohesion Face-to-face interview Psychological measurements 12 571 households within the demarked 24 school community boundaries. Study participants (children and their households) were systematically sampled from 24 communities in the Msunduzi municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. This area is characterized by high rates of both household poverty and HIV/AIDS. This area was chosen for its general demographic representativeness of South Africa, although its population is 95% Zulu. Each community was selected based upon the presence of a school serving 7-11-year-old children, and was demarcated using a combination of information about the school’s catchment area, geographic boundaries identified by aerial maps and ethnographic mapping including transport routes to school and work for adults in the area. The boundary created from these sources of information was then merged with a physical 1 km radius in rural and 500 meter radius in urban school communities to generate the final school boundary. High resolution aerial mapping was used to identify and enumerate all households within each geographically bounded community. Depending on visiting point density, one of three strategies was followed to enumerate households. In communities with more than 600 potential visiting points, twenty households were randomly selected from each community for use as cluster nodes, around each of which a cluster of the nearest 30 households (including the cluster node) was selected. In communities with 450-599 potential visiting points, 20 clusters of 30 visiting points was not possible. To accommodate the reduced number of visiting points, as many cluster nodes as would allow cluster of 30 visiting points per cluster were randomly chosen and then the nearest 30 household (including the cluster node) selected. In communities with 450 or fewer visiting points, no cluster nodes were chosen and all visiting points selected for enumeration. All selected households were screened for eligibility in the study. Eligible households (defined as those which served as primary residences for at least one child aged 7-11 years were recruited to the study. If more than one eligible child was found living in the household, a kish grid was used to select the focal child. This process was repeated until all selected visiting points in the school community had been enumerated. A total of 1,961 households were recruited into the study. Following a consent process, the household head or a person who viewed themselves as a delegate of the household head completed a face-to-face questionnaire interview about the household conducted in isiZulu. Interviews were conducted by trained Zulu-speaking interviewers. A team of 8 interviewers was supervised in the field by a team coordinator who checked all submitted paper work and resolved any queries that arose in the field. At a later appointment, following an additional consent process, the primary caregiver of the 7-11-year-old focal child in each household completed a face-to-face questionnaire interview about himself or herself and about the child. In approximately 85% of households, the caregiver was the same person who completed the household survey. At a subsequent appointment, following an additional consent process, the focal child completed both a face-to-face questionnaire interview and a series of cognitive assessments. These assessments were conducted either at the child's school or at the child's home after school and on school holidays. All survey responses were recorded electronically on mobile phones. The commercially available Mobenzi Researcher mobile survey software and data management portal were used (www.clyral.com). Mobenzi Researcher is a Java 2 Micro Edition (J2Me) application and provides full survey functionality, including the ability to create various question types, mark fields as mandatory and intelligently manage survey branching. Respondents were compensated for their time with a food parcel to the value of R30 ($5) at the initial household interview. The child was provided with a small packet of snacks during their interview and psychometric assessment.

Child's Health and Education Social Welfare and Services Household resources and child expenditure Child Supervision Child and Caregiver Quality of Life Strengths and Difficulties Caregiver Anxiety and Depression Community Perceptions Child Protection Face-to-face interview Psychological measurements 12 571 households within the demarked 24 school community boundaries. Study participants (children and their households) were systematically sampled from 24 communities in the Msunduzi municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. This area is characterized by high rates of both household poverty and HIV/AIDS. This area was chosen for its general demographic representativeness of South Africa, although its population is 95% Zulu. Each community was selected based upon the presence of a school serving 7-11-year-old children, and was demarcated using a combination of information about the school’s catchment area, geographic boundaries identified by aerial maps and ethnographic mapping including transport routes to school and work for adults in the area. The boundary created from these sources of information was then merged with a physical 1 km radius in rural and 500 meter radius in urban school communities to generate the final school boundary. High resolution aerial mapping was used to identify and enumerate all households within each geographically bounded community. Depending on visiting point density, one of three strategies was followed to enumerate households. In communities with more than 600 potential visiting points, twenty households were randomly selected from each community for use as cluster nodes, around each of which a cluster of the nearest 30 households (including the cluster node) was selected. In communities with 450-599 potential visiting points, 20 clusters of 30 visiting points was not possible. To accommodate the reduced number of visiting points, as many cluster nodes as would allow cluster of 30 visiting points per cluster were randomly chosen and then the nearest 30 household (including the cluster node) selected. In communities with 450 or fewer visiting points, no cluster nodes were chosen and all visiting points selected for enumeration. All selected households were screened for eligibility in the study. Eligible households (defined as those which served as primary residences for at least one child aged 7-11 years were recruited to the study. If more than one eligible child was found living in the household, a kish grid was used to select the focal child. This process was repeated until all selected visiting points in the school community had been enumerated. A total of 1,961 households were recruited into the study. Following a consent process, the household head or a person who viewed themselves as a delegate of the household head completed a face-to-face questionnaire interview about the household conducted in isiZulu. Interviews were conducted by trained Zulu-speaking interviewers. A team of 8 interviewers was supervised in the field by a team coordinator who checked all submitted paper work and resolved any queries that arose in the field. At a later appointment, following an additional consent process, the primary caregiver of the 7-11-year-old focal child in each household completed a face-to-face questionnaire interview about himself or herself and about the child. In approximately 85% of households, the caregiver was the same person who completed the household survey. At a subsequent appointment, following an additional consent process, the focal child completed both a face-to-face questionnaire interview and a series of cognitive assessments. These assessments were conducted either at the child's school or at the child's home after school and on school holidays. All survey responses were recorded electronically on mobile phones. The commercially available Mobenzi Researcher mobile survey software and data management portal were used (www.clyral.com). Mobenzi Researcher is a Java 2 Micro Edition (J2Me) application and provides full survey functionality, including the ability to create various question types, mark fields as mandatory and intelligently manage survey branching. Respondents were compensated for their time with a food parcel to the value of R30 ($5) at the initial household interview. The child was provided with a small packet of snacks during their interview and psychometric assessment.

Anthropometrics Face-to-face interview Psychological measurements 12 571 households within the demarked 24 school community boundaries. Study participants (children and their households) were systematically sampled from 24 communities in the Msunduzi municipality in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. This area is characterized by high rates of both household poverty and HIV/AIDS. This area was chosen for its general demographic representativeness of South Africa, although its population is 95% Zulu. Each community was selected based upon the presence of a school serving 7-11-year-old children, and was demarcated using a combination of information about the school’s catchment area, geographic boundaries identified by aerial maps and ethnographic mapping including transport routes to school and work for adults in the area. The boundary created from these sources of information was then merged with a physical 1 km radius in rural and 500 meter radius in urban school communities to generate the final school boundary. High resolution aerial mapping was used to identify and enumerate all households within each geographically bounded community. Depending on visiting point density, one of three strategies was followed to enumerate households. In communities with more than 600 potential visiting points, twenty households were randomly selected from each community for use as cluster nodes, around each of which a cluster of the nearest 30 households (including the cluster node) was selected. In communities with 450-599 potential visiting points, 20 clusters of 30 visiting points was not possible. To accommodate the reduced number of visiting points, as many cluster nodes as would allow cluster of 30 visiting points per cluster were randomly chosen and then the nearest 30 household (including the cluster node) selected. In communities with 450 or fewer visiting points, no cluster nodes were chosen and all visiting points selected for enumeration. All selected households were screened for eligibility in the study. Eligible households (defined as those which served as primary residences for at least one child aged 7-11 years were recruited to the study. If more than one eligible child was found living in the household, a kish grid was used to select the focal child. This process was repeated until all selected visiting points in the school community had been enumerated. A total of 1,961 households were recruited into the study. Following a consent process, the household head or a person who viewed themselves as a delegate of the household head completed a face-to-face questionnaire interview about the household conducted in isiZulu. Interviews were conducted by trained Zulu-speaking interviewers. A team of 8 interviewers was supervised in the field by a team coordinator who checked all submitted paper work and resolved any queries that arose in the field. At a later appointment, following an additional consent process, the primary caregiver of the 7-11-year-old focal child in each household completed a face-to-face questionnaire interview about himself or herself and about the child. In approximately 85% of households, the caregiver was the same person who completed the household survey. At a subsequent appointment, following an additional consent process, the focal child completed both a face-to-face questionnaire interview and a series of cognitive assessments. These assessments were conducted either at the child's school or at the child's home after school and on school holidays. All survey responses were recorded electronically on mobile phones. The commercially available Mobenzi Researcher mobile survey software and data management portal were used (www.clyral.com). Mobenzi Researcher is a Java 2 Micro Edition (J2Me) application and provides full survey functionality, including the ability to create various question types, mark fields as mandatory and intelligently manage survey branching. Respondents were compensated for their time with a food parcel to the value of R30 ($5) at the initial household interview. The child was provided with a small packet of snacks during their interview and psychometric assessment.

Household- and child-level correlates of moderate or severe food insecurity in a cohort of children and adolescents living with HIV and receiving care in a rural hospital in Macha, Zambia.

The harmonised core module data are available in the combined dataset. The questions contained in the core modules of the two SASAS questionnaires for 2003 were asked of 7000 respondents, while the remaining rotating modules were asked of a half sample of approximately 3500 respondents each. The combined data set contains 4980 records and 269 variables. Core topics included in the questionnaires are: democracy, identity, public services, health status, HIV/AIDS, health behaviour, moral issues, crime, voting, demographics and other classificatory variables, nature of families and family authority. This version of the combined dataset should be used where analysis is to be performed at household level.

This interview is part of the Women, Risk and Aids Project (1989-90) archive which was created as part of the Reanimating Data Project (2018-20).Original transcript of an interview with Jodie, 17, who is at college. She has a twin sister and her parents are going through a divorce. She thinks her family life made her feel quite insecure and in need of attention, but she has since rebuilt her confidence by going out with friends and socialising with new people. She had been in a steady, heterosexual relationship, where she had her first sexual intercourse, but her partner cheated on her a lot, and she is now in the early stages of a relationship with someone else. Jodie has always felt guilt and regret around her sexual practices, especially when losing her virginity and any potential casual sexual encounters. She doesn't feel under any pressure and is confident in navigating sexual consent and boundaries. In terms of contraception use, she is adamant on using condoms, framed by fear of pregnancy and AIDS. Her parents are very open (her mum works in an abortion clinic), and she feels able to discuss sex, relationships and contraception with them. She did not receive any formal sex education at her private school and has relied on AIDS publicity and her parents for AIDS education. She doesn't consider herself as at risk as she uses condoms, but there was a time when she didn't use one, based on a perception of her sexual partner as 'health conscious' which she thought meant he would be free of STDs or infections. There are contradictions between her attitude toward safe-sex and her sexual practices.