The State of the Climate is a collection of periodic summaries recapping climate-related occurrences on both a global and national scale. The State of the Climate Monthly Overview - Hurricanes & Tropical Storms report focuses primarily on storms and conditions that affect the U.S. and its territories, in Atlantic and Pacific basins. The report places each basin's tropical cyclone activity in a climate-scale context. Key statistics (dates, strengths, landfall, energy, etc.) for major cyclone activity in other basins is occasionally presented. Reports began in June 2002. The primary Atlantic hurricane season (June-November) is covered each year; other months are included as storm events warrant. An annual summary is available from 2002. These reports are not updated in real time.

Note: This is a real-time dataset. If you do not see any data on the map, there may not be an event taking place. The Atlantic hurricane season begins on June 1 and ends on November 30, and the eastern Pacific hurricane season begins on May 15 and ends on November 30.Hurricanes, also known as typhoons and cyclones, fall under the scientific term tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones that develop over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean are considered hurricanes.Meteorologists have classified the development of a tropical cyclone into four stages: tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, and tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones begin as small tropical disturbances where rain clouds build over warm ocean waters. Eventually, the clouds grow large enough to develop a pattern, where the wind begins to circulate around a center point. As winds are drawn higher, increasing air pressure causes the rising thunderstorms to disperse from the center of the storm. This creates an area of rotating thunderstorms called a tropical depression with winds 62 kmph (38 mph) or less. Systems with wind speeds between 63 kmph (39 mph) and 118 kmph (73 mph) are considered tropical storms. If the winds of the tropical storm hit 119 kmph (74 mph), the storm is classified as a hurricane. Tropical cyclones need two primary ingredients to form: warm water and constant wind directions. Warm ocean waters of at least 26 degrees Celsius (74 degrees Fahrenheit) provide the energy needed for the storm to become a hurricane. Hurricanes can maintain winds in a constant direction at increasing speeds as air rotates about and gathers into the hurricane’s center. This inward and upward spiral prevents the storm from ripping itself apart. Hurricanes have distinctive parts: the eye, eyewall, and rain bands. The eye is the calm center of the hurricane where the cooler drier air sinks back down to the surface of the water. Here, winds are tranquil, and skies are partly cloudy, sometimes even clear. The eyewall is composed of the strongest ring of thunderstorms and surrounds the eye. This is where rain and winds are the strongest and heaviest. Rain bands are stretches of rain clouds that go far beyond the hurricane’s eyewall, usually hundreds of kilometers. Scientists typically use the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale to measure the strength of a hurricane’s winds and intensity. This scale gives a 1 to 5 rating based on the hurricane’s maximum sustained winds. Hurricanes rated category 3 or higher are recognized as major hurricanes. Category 1: Wind speeds are between 119 and 153 kmph (74 and 95 mph). Although this is the lowest category of hurricane, category 1 hurricanes still produce dangerous winds and could result in damaged roofs, power lines, or fallen tree branches. Category 2: Wind speeds are between 154 and 177 kmph (96 and 110 mph). These dangerous winds are likely to cause moderate damage; enough to snap or uproot small trees, destroy roofs, and cause power outages. Category 3: Wind speeds are between 178 and 208 kmph (111 and 129 mph). At this strength, extensive damage may occur. Well-built homes could incur damage to their exterior and many trees will likely be snapped or uprooted. Water and electricity could be unavailable for at least several days after the hurricane passes. Category 4: Wind speeds are between 209 and 251 kmph (130 and 156 mph). Extreme damage will occur. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months after the hurricane. Well-built homes could sustain major damage to their exterior, most trees may be snapped or uprooted, and power outages could last weeks to months. Category 5: Wind speeds are 252 kmph (157 mph) or higher. Catastrophic damage will occur. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months after the hurricane. A significant amount of well-built, framed homes will likely be destroyed, uprooted trees may isolate residential areas, and power outages could last weeks to months. This map is built with data from the NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The map shows recent, observed, and forecasted hurricane tracks and positions, uncertainties, wind speeds, and associated storm watches and warnings. This is a real-time dataset that is programed to check for updates from the NHC and JTWC every 15 minutes. If you are in an area experiencing a tropical cyclone, tune into local sources for more up-to-date information and important safety instructions. This map includes the following information: Forecast position points: These points mark the locations where the NHC predict the tropical cyclone will be at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours in the future.Observed position points: These points mark the locations where the tropical cyclone has been.Forecast track: This is the line that connects the forecast points and marks the expected path of the hurricane.Observed track: This line marks the path the tropical cyclone has already taken.Cone of uncertainty: Due to the complexity of ocean atmospheric interactions, there are many different factors that can influence the path of a hurricane. This uncertainty is represented on the map by a cone. The further into the future the forecast is, the wider the cone due to the greater uncertainty in the precise path of the storm. Remember rain, wind, and storm surge from the hurricane will likely impact areas outside the cone of uncertainty. This broader impact of wind can be seen if you turn on or off Tropical Storm Force (34 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability, Strong Tropical Storm Force (50 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability, or Hurricane Force (64 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability map layers.Watches and warnings: Storm watches or warnings depend on the strength and distance from the location of the forecasted event. Watches indicate an increased risk for severe weather, while a warning means you should immediately move to a safe space.Tropical storm watch: The NHC issues this for areas that might be impacted by tropical cyclones with wind speeds of 34 to 63 knots (63 to 119 kilometers per hour or 39 to 74 miles per hour) in the next 48 hours. In addition to high winds, the region may experience storm surge or flooding.Tropical storm warning: The NHC issues this for places that will be impacted by hurricanes with wind speeds of 34 to 63 knots (63 to 119 kilometers per hour or 39 to 74 miles per hour) in the next 36 hours. As with the watch, the area may also experience storm surge or flooding.Hurricane watch: The NHC issues this watch for areas where a tropical cyclone with sustained wind speeds of 64 knots (119 kilometers per hour or 74 miles per hour) or greater in the next 48 hours may be possible. In addition to high winds, the region may experience storm surge or flooding.Hurricane warning: The NHC issues this warning for areas where hurricanes with sustained wind speeds of 64 knots (119 kilometers per hour or 74 miles per hour) or greater in the next 36 hours are expected. As with the watch, the region may experience storm surge or flooding. This warning is also posted when dangerously high water and waves continue even after wind speeds have fallen below 64 knots.Recent hurricanes: These points and tracks mark tropical cyclones that have occurred this year but are no longer active.

Want to learn more about how hurricanes form? Check out Forces of Nature or explore The Ten Most Damaging Hurricanes in U.S. History story.

Named Storms in the Atlantic Since 1950

Maximum Wind Speed, Storm Dates, and More

About this dataset

This dataset contains information on all of the named storms that have occurred in the Atlantic basin since 1950. It includes the storm's name, dates, minimum pressure, maximum wind speed, and storm type. This dataset is a great resource for anyone interested in studying hurricanes and other tropical storms

How to use the dataset

This dataset can be used to investigate the characteristics of named storms in the Atlantic basin since 1950. The variables in the dataset include the storm name, start date, end date, maximum wind speed, minimum pressure, and storm type. This dataset can be used to answer questions such as: - What has been the most intense storm in the Atlantic basin since 1950? - What is the average lifespan of a named storm in the Atlantic basin? - What is the most common type of storm in the Atlantic basin?

Research Ideas

• Creating a dashboard to track the progress of hurricane seasons
• comparing different hurricane seasons
• determining which areas are most vulnerable to hurricanes

Acknowledgements

This dataset was compiled by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)

License

Unknown License - Please check the dataset description for more information.

Columns

File: Named Storm Data - since 1950.csv | Column name | Description | |:-------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------| | Year | The year the storm occurred. (Integer) | | Storm Name | The name of the storm. (String) | | Start Date | The date the storm began. (Date) | | End Date | The date the storm ended. (Date) | | Dates | The dates the storm occurred. (Date) | | Max Wind Speed (mph) | The maximum wind speed of the storm. (Integer) | | Min pressure (mb) | The minimum pressure of the storm. (Integer) | | Storm Type | The type of storm. (String) |

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit Aaron Simmons.

A new spatio-temporal benchmark dataset (Hurricane), is suited for forecasting during extreme events and anomalies. The dataset is provided through the Florida Department of Revenue which provides the monthly sales revenue (2003-2020) for the tourism industry for all 67 counties of Florida which are prone to annual hurricanes. Furthermore, we aligned and joined the raw time series with the history of hurricane categories (i.e., event intensities) based on time for each county. Note that the hurricane category indicates the maximum sustained wind speed which can result in catastrophic damages as this number goes up (Category 1-6).

This is an annual edition poster showing all of the hurricanes having impacted the continental U.S. from 1950 to 2022. This 36x28 inch glossy poster gives a quick look of the location and strength of each hurricane which impacted the continental United States. The poster is also available to download as a PDF file. The map includes the name, category strength, year, and approximate strike location of each hurricane. For the 2022 edition two new hurricanes were added: Hurricane Ian, a Category-4 Hurricane hitting the western Florida Peninsula with a secondary landfall in South Carolina, and Hurricane Nicole, a Category-1 hurricane hitting the east coast of Florida.

This layer features tropical storm (hurricanes, typhoons, cyclones) tracks, positions, and observed wind swaths from the past hurricane season for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Basins. These are products from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). They are part of an archive of tropical storm data maintained in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) database by the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.Data SourceNOAA National Hurricane Center tropical cyclone best track archive.Update FrequencyWe automatically check these products for updates every 15 minutes from the NHC GIS Data page.The NHC shapefiles are parsed using the Aggregated Live Feeds methodology to take the returned information and serve the data through ArcGIS Server as a map service.Area CoveredWorldWhat can you do with this layer?Customize the display of each attribute by using the ‘Change Style’ option for any layer.Run a filter to query the layer and display only specific types of storms or areas.Add to your map with other weather data layers to provide insight on hazardous weather events.Use ArcGIS Online analysis tools like ‘Enrich Data’ on the Observed Wind Swath layer to determine the impact of cyclone events on populations.Visualize data in ArcGIS Insights or Operations Dashboards.This map is provided for informational purposes and is not monitored 24/7 for accuracy and currency. Always refer to NOAA or JTWC sources for official guidance.If you would like to be alerted to potential issues or simply see when this Service will update next, please visit our Live Feed Status Page!

Strongest Tropical Cyclones: 1980-2009 poster - a 30-year collage of Hurricane Satellite (HURSAT) data. This poster depicts a series of 5 degree grids where within each grid is a false color image of the strongest tropical cyclone captured by satellites during the period 1980 to 2009. The poster size is 48"x 30".

Tropical Cyclone Tracks Dataset

Historical Tropical Storm Tracks Dataset

By Homeland Infrastructure Foundation [source]

About this dataset

Each entry in the dataset contains various attributes such as the year, month, and day on which a tropical cyclone occurred. The dataset also provides the UTC time at which each cyclone was recorded. Furthermore, it specifies the name given to each storm for easier identification.

Geographical information is a prominent feature of this dataset, as it includes latitude and longitude coordinates for pinpointing the exact center of a cyclone. Additionally, basin categorization helps distinguish whether a storm took place in the North Atlantic or Eastern North Pacific region.

Measurements related to wind speed are also included. The maximum sustained wind speed is expressed in knots (nautical miles per hour). Meanwhile, pressure readings provide insights into the minimum central pressure of each tropical cyclone measured in millibars.

The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale is implemented to classify storms into different categories based on their strength and potential impact. These categories are indicated within the dataset records using textual labels.

For analysis or visualization purposes at national or large regional scales, this historical dataset can be utilized effectively due to its accurate spatial representation. With data collected at 6-hour intervals throughout each day (at 0000, 0600, 1200 UTC), researchers can conduct detailed studies regarding past tropical depressions/storms variations across time periods spanning more than one-and-a-half centuries.

How to use the dataset

• Understand the Columns:

  • YEAR: The year in which the tropical cyclone occurred.
  • MONTH: The month in which the tropical cyclone occurred.
  • DAY: The day of the month on which the tropical cyclone occurred.
  • AD_TIME: The time of day in UTC at which the tropical cyclone was recorded.
  • NAME: The name given to the tropical cyclone.
  • LAT: The latitude coordinate of the center of the tropical cyclone.
  • LONG: The longitude coordinate of thhe center of tthe tropicall cycloonne..
  • WIND_KTS:: TThe maximum sustained wind speed oof tthe tropiccal cycloonne iin knots.. PRESSURE:: Thhe miniimum centtral pressuree off tthe trropiical cyclone iin milliibars.. CAT:: TThe categgory off tthe tropiicall cyclone bassed onn tthe Saffir-Siimpson Hurrrcane Wiind Scallee.. BASIN:: Thhe basinn iin whhich tthe troppiicaal cyccloonne occurrreed (Norrtth Atlanttiicc orastersndPaciifiic). Shape_Leng:lengthtthh ooff hteehshaapeeooftt heetropicalcytcntracckkKey thingsfot yOpauthorsowningthemhirsitary mousdrop~~ooverakeofnatpngcpompilieintrustioanringstlrednngldtstcsste615kg++ddset, ptgurpmnciicrogn As you can see, this dataset consists of various features that provide information about tropical cyclones such as their coordinates, wind speed, pressure, category, and basin.

• Analyze the Tracks:

  • Use the latitude (LAT) and longitude (LONG) coordinates to visualize the paths of tropical cyclones on a map or plot them on different geographical regions.

• Explore Intensity:

  • The maximum sustained wind speed (W

Research Ideas

• Analyzing trends and patterns: This dataset can be used to analyze the trends and patterns of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific regions over a long period of time. Researchers can examine the frequency, intensity, and tracks of storms to identify any long-term changes or variations.
• Climate change research: By studying the historical tracks of tropical cyclones in this dataset, researchers can assess how climate change might be impacting storm behavior. They can look for shifts in storm distribution, changes in intensity, or variations in storm tracks that could be attributed to climate change.
• Disaster preparedness and planning: Government agencies or organizations involved in disaster preparedness can utilize this dataset to assess the vulnerability of specific regions along the North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific coastlines. The data can help identify high-risk areas based on historical storm activity, allowing for better planning of evacuation routes, infrastructure development, and emergency response strategies

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: Dataset copyright by authors - You are free to: - Share - copy and redis...

description: This Historical Hurricane Tracks web site provides visualizations of storm tracks derived from the 6-hourly (0000, 0600, 1200, 1800 UTC) center locations and intensities for subtropical depressions and storms, extratropical storms, tropical depressions and storms, and all hurricanes, from 1848 through the previous Atlantic hurricane season (June 1 through November 30) as recorded in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ibtracs/index.php) data set. Users may use this site to search for storms by location, ocean basin, hurricane category/scale, storm name, and atmospheric pressure.; abstract: This Historical Hurricane Tracks web site provides visualizations of storm tracks derived from the 6-hourly (0000, 0600, 1200, 1800 UTC) center locations and intensities for subtropical depressions and storms, extratropical storms, tropical depressions and storms, and all hurricanes, from 1848 through the previous Atlantic hurricane season (June 1 through November 30) as recorded in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ibtracs/index.php) data set. Users may use this site to search for storms by location, ocean basin, hurricane category/scale, storm name, and atmospheric pressure.

Historical Hurricane TracksThis feature layer, utilizing data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), displays global hurricane tracks from 1842-2024. According to NOAA, "a tropical cyclone is a rotating low-pressure weather system that has organized thunderstorms but no fronts (a boundary separating two air masses of different densities). Tropical cyclones with maximum sustained surface winds of less than 39 miles per hour (mph) are called tropical depressions. Those with maximum sustained winds of 39 mph or higher are called tropical storms. When a storm's maximum sustained winds reach 74 mph, it is called a hurricane."Hurricane Andrew (1992)Data currency: December 31, 2024Data source: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)Data modification: Field added - Hurricane DateFor more information: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS)Support documentation: IBTrACS v04 column documentationFor feedback, please contact: ArcGIScomNationalMaps@esri.comNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)Per NOAA, its mission is "To understand and predict changes in climate, weather, ocean, and coasts, to share that knowledge and information with others, and to conserve and manage coastal and marine ecosystems and resources."

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Hurricane population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Hurricane across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Hurricane was 6,806, a 0.61% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Hurricane population was 6,848, a decline of 1.05% compared to a population of 6,921 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Hurricane increased by 719. In this period, the peak population was 6,961 in the year 2020. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Hurricane is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Hurricane population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Hurricane Population by Year. You can refer the same here

This dataset represents the hurricanes and tropical storms since 2000. The dataset is a sub-set of the Historical Hurricane Data found on the NOAA Historical Hurricane Data Center mapping site. The dataset shows the tracks the storms took represented as lines and include attributes such as pressure, speed and date. Oceanic basin is also noted should you wish to see which basin storms occurred in. A couple of standard maps are included to provide a sense of what the data looks like. Sourced from http://csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/ but has been subset to show just storms that have occurred since the year 2000. Please acknowledge NOAA as the source of the base data if you reuse it. GIS vector data. This dataset was first accessioned in the EDINA ShareGeo Open repository on 2012-10-29 and migrated to Edinburgh DataShare on 2017-02-21.

Time series of tropical cyclone "best track" position and intensity data are provided for all ocean basins where tropical cyclones occur. Position and intensity data are available at 6-hourly intervals over the duration of each cyclone's life. The general period of record begins in 1851, but this varies by ocean basin. See the inventories [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds824.1/inventories/] for data availability specific to each basin. This data set was received as a revision to an NCDC tropical cyclone data set, with data generally available through the late 1990s. Since then, the set is being continually updated from the U.S. NOAA National Hurricane Center and the U.S. Navy Joint Typhoon Warning Center best track archives. For a complete history of updates for each ocean basin, see the dataset documentation [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds824.1/docs/].

storms.csv:

NOAA NHC Storm data from 1975 - 2021 (Tropical Depressions, Tropical Storms, Hurricanes). Post-storm analysis in the Atlantic basin (i.e., North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea).

***Please note the current dataset is missing at least the following storms: 2020 (Bertha, Delta, Dolly, Laura) and 2021 (Grace). While the storms are listed in the HURDAT2 file, the dyplr code does not generate these storms in the final output. I have a confirmed all 2019 storms are included. There may be other storms missing prior to 2019.

Updates: https://github.com/tidyverse/dplyr/issues/6319

7/10/22 storms_updated.csv:

NOAA NHC Storm data from 1852 - 2021 (Tropical Depressions, Tropical Storms, Hurricanes). Post-storm analysis in the Atlantic basin (i.e., North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea).

Note: This is a real-time dataset. If you do not see any data on the map, there may not be an event taking place. The Atlantic hurricane season begins on June 1 and ends on November 30, and the eastern Pacific hurricane season begins on May 15 and ends on November 30.Hurricanes, also known as typhoons and cyclones, fall under the scientific term tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones that develop over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean are considered hurricanes.Meteorologists have classified the development of a tropical cyclone into four stages: tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, and tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones begin as small tropical disturbances where rain clouds build over warm ocean waters. Eventually, the clouds grow large enough to develop a pattern, where the wind begins to circulate around a center point. As winds are drawn higher, increasing air pressure causes the rising thunderstorms to disperse from the center of the storm. This creates an area of rotating thunderstorms called a tropical depression with winds 62 kmph (38 mph) or less. Systems with wind speeds between 63 kmph (39 mph) and 118 kmph (73 mph) are considered tropical storms. If the winds of the tropical storm hit 119 kmph (74 mph), the storm is classified as a hurricane. Tropical cyclones need two primary ingredients to form: warm water and constant wind directions. Warm ocean waters of at least 26 degrees Celsius (74 degrees Fahrenheit) provide the energy needed for the storm to become a hurricane. Hurricanes can maintain winds in a constant direction at increasing speeds as air rotates about and gathers into the hurricane’s center. This inward and upward spiral prevents the storm from ripping itself apart. Hurricanes have distinctive parts: the eye, eyewall, and rain bands. The eye is the calm center of the hurricane where the cooler drier air sinks back down to the surface of the water. Here, winds are tranquil, and skies are partly cloudy, sometimes even clear. The eyewall is composed of the strongest ring of thunderstorms and surrounds the eye. This is where rain and winds are the strongest and heaviest. Rain bands are stretches of rain clouds that go far beyond the hurricane’s eyewall, usually hundreds of kilometers. Scientists typically use the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale to measure the strength of a hurricane’s winds and intensity. This scale gives a 1 to 5 rating based on the hurricane’s maximum sustained winds. Hurricanes rated category 3 or higher are recognized as major hurricanes. Category 1: Wind speeds are between 119 and 153 kmph (74 and 95 mph). Although this is the lowest category of hurricane, category 1 hurricanes still produce dangerous winds and could result in damaged roofs, power lines, or fallen tree branches. Category 2: Wind speeds are between 154 and 177 kmph (96 and 110 mph). These dangerous winds are likely to cause moderate damage; enough to snap or uproot small trees, destroy roofs, and cause power outages. Category 3: Wind speeds are between 178 and 208 kmph (111 and 129 mph). At this strength, extensive damage may occur. Well-built homes could incur damage to their exterior and many trees will likely be snapped or uprooted. Water and electricity could be unavailable for at least several days after the hurricane passes. Category 4: Wind speeds are between 209 and 251 kmph (130 and 156 mph). Extreme damage will occur. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months after the hurricane. Well-built homes could sustain major damage to their exterior, most trees may be snapped or uprooted, and power outages could last weeks to months. Category 5: Wind speeds are 252 kmph (157 mph) or higher. Catastrophic damage will occur. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months after the hurricane. A significant amount of well-built, framed homes will likely be destroyed, uprooted trees may isolate residential areas, and power outages could last weeks to months. This map is built with data from the NOAA National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The map shows recent, observed, and forecasted hurricane tracks and positions, uncertainties, wind speeds, and associated storm watches and warnings. This is a real-time dataset that is programed to check for updates from the NHC and JTWC every 15 minutes. If you are in an area experiencing a tropical cyclone, tune into local sources for more up-to-date information and important safety instructions. This map includes the following information: Forecast position points: These points mark the locations where the NHC predict the tropical cyclone will be at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours in the future.Observed position points: These points mark the locations where the tropical cyclone has been.Forecast track: This is the line that connects the forecast points and marks the expected path of the hurricane.Observed track: This line marks the path the tropical cyclone has already taken.Cone of uncertainty: Due to the complexity of ocean atmospheric interactions, there are many different factors that can influence the path of a hurricane. This uncertainty is represented on the map by a cone. The further into the future the forecast is, the wider the cone due to the greater uncertainty in the precise path of the storm. Remember rain, wind, and storm surge from the hurricane will likely impact areas outside the cone of uncertainty. This broader impact of wind can be seen if you turn on or off Tropical Storm Force (34 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability, Strong Tropical Storm Force (50 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability, or Hurricane Force (64 Knots) 5-Day Wind Probability map layers.Watches and warnings: Storm watches or warnings depend on the strength and distance from the location of the forecasted event. Watches indicate an increased risk for severe weather, while a warning means you should immediately move to a safe space.Tropical storm watch: The NHC issues this for areas that might be impacted by tropical cyclones with wind speeds of 34 to 63 knots (63 to 119 kilometers per hour or 39 to 74 miles per hour) in the next 48 hours. In addition to high winds, the region may experience storm surge or flooding.Tropical storm warning: The NHC issues this for places that will be impacted by hurricanes with wind speeds of 34 to 63 knots (63 to 119 kilometers per hour or 39 to 74 miles per hour) in the next 36 hours. As with the watch, the area may also experience storm surge or flooding.Hurricane watch: The NHC issues this watch for areas where a tropical cyclone with sustained wind speeds of 64 knots (119 kilometers per hour or 74 miles per hour) or greater in the next 48 hours may be possible. In addition to high winds, the region may experience storm surge or flooding.Hurricane warning: The NHC issues this warning for areas where hurricanes with sustained wind speeds of 64 knots (119 kilometers per hour or 74 miles per hour) or greater in the next 36 hours are expected. As with the watch, the region may experience storm surge or flooding. This warning is also posted when dangerously high water and waves continue even after wind speeds have fallen below 64 knots.Recent hurricanes: These points and tracks mark tropical cyclones that have occurred this year but are no longer active.

Want to learn more about how hurricanes form? Check out Forces of Nature or explore The Ten Most Damaging Hurricanes in U.S. History story.

Analysis of ‘Hurricanes and Typhoons, 1851-2014’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/noaa/hurricane-database on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

The National Hurricane Center (NHC) conducts a post-storm analysis of each tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin (i.e., North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea) and and the North Pacific Ocean to determine the official assessment of the cyclone's history. This analysis makes use of all available observations, including those that may not have been available in real time. In addition, NHC conducts ongoing reviews of any retrospective tropical cyclone analyses brought to its attention and on a regular basis updates the historical record to reflect changes introduced.

Content

The NHC publishes the tropical cyclone historical database in a format known as HURDAT, short for HURricane DATabase. These databases (Atlantic HURDAT2 and NE/NC Pacific HURDAT2) contain six-hourly information on the location, maximum winds, central pressure, and (starting in 2004) size of all known tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

NCALM Seed. PI: Phillip Lane, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The survey area consists of a 44.75 square kilometer area covering a portion of Bald Point State Park, Florida. The data were collected to examine a 4,500-year record of hurricane frequency and storm surge magnitude archived in North Florida Sinkholes. Data collection occurred on September 4, 2010. Publications associated with this dataset can be found at NCALM's Data Tracking Center

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Hurricane population distribution across 18 age groups. It lists the population in each age group along with the percentage population relative of the total population for Hurricane. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Hurricane by age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group in Hurricane.

Key observations

The largest age group in Hurricane, UT was for the group of age 30 to 34 years years with a population of 1,793 (8.27%), according to the ACS 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates. At the same time, the smallest age group in Hurricane, UT was the 85 years and over years with a population of 305 (1.41%). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2019-2023 5-Year Estimates

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group in consideration
• Population: The population for the specific age group in the Hurricane is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the population of each age group as a proportion of Hurricane total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

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This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Hurricane Population by Age. You can refer the same here

The intensity and spatial extent of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) often shapes the risk posed by landfalling storms. Here we provide a comprehensive climatology of landfalling TCP characteristics as a function of tropical cyclone strength, using daily precipitation station data and Atlantic US landfalling tropical cyclone tracks from 1900-2017. We analyze the intensity and spatial extent of ≥ 1 mm/day TCP (Z1) and ≥ 50 mm/day TCP (Z50) over land. We show that the highest median intensity and largest median spatial extent of Z1 and Z50 occur for major hurricanes that have weakened to tropical storms, indicating greater flood risk despite weaker wind speeds. We also find some signs of TCP change in recent decades. In particular, for major hurricanes that have weakened to tropical storms, Z50 intensity has significantly increased, indicating possible increases in flood risk to coastal communities in more recent years.

Methods 1. Station precipitation and tropical cyclone tracks

We use daily precipitation data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN)-Daily station dataset (Menne et al., 2012) and TC tracks archived in the revised HURricane DATabase (HURDAT2) database (Landsea & Franklin, 2013). HURDAT2 is a post-storm reanalysis that uses several datasets, including land observations, aircraft reconnaissance, ship logs, radiosondes, and satellite observations to determine tropical cyclone track locations, wind speeds and central pressures (Jarvinen et al., 1984; Landsea & Franklin, 2013). We select 1256 US stations from the GHCN-Daily dataset that have observations beginning no later than 1900 and ending no earlier than 2017 (though most station records are not continuous throughout that period). These 1256 land-based stations are well distributed over the southeastern US and Atlantic seaboard (see Supporting Figure S1).

We use the HURDAT2 Atlantic database to select locations and windspeeds of TC tracks that originated in the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, and made landfall over the continental US. Though tracks are determined at 6-hourly time steps for each storm (with additional timesteps that indicate times of landfall, and times and values of maximum intensity), we limit our analysis to track points recorded at 1200 UTC, in order to match the daily temporal resolution and times of observation of the GHCN-Daily precipitation dataset (Menne et al., 2012), as well as the diurnal cycle of TCP (Gaona & Villarini, 2018). Although this temporal matching technique may omit high values of precipitation from the analysis, it reduces the possibility of capturing precipitation that is not associated with a TC.

1. Tropical cyclone and Lifetime Maximum Intensity (LMI) categories

For each daily point in the tropical cyclone track, we use the maximum sustained windspeed to place the storm into one of three Extended Saffir-Simpson categories: tropical storms (“TS”; 34-63 knots), minor hurricanes (“Min”; categories 1 and 2; 64-95 knots), and major hurricanes (“Maj”; categories 3 to 5; > 96 knots) (Schott et al., 2012). Additionally, for each track, we record the category of the lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), based on the maximum windspeed found along the whole lifetime of the track (i.e., using all available track points). LMI is a standard tropical cyclone metric, and is considered a robust measure of track intensity through time and across different types of data integrated into the HURDAT2 reanalysis (Elsner et al., 2008; Kossin et al., 2013, 2014). Therefore, for each track point, a dual category is assigned: the first portion of the classification denotes the category of the storm for a given point (hereafter “point category”), while the second denotes the LMI category. The combination of the two can thus be considered a “point-LMI category”. For example, the point on August 27, 2017 at 1200 UTC along Hurricane Harvey’s track is classified as TS-Maj because it is a tropical storm (TS) at this point but falls along a major hurricane LMI track (see starred location in Supporting Figure S2a). Given that the LMI category for a given point cannot be weaker than the point category itself, the set of possible point-LMI category combinations for each track point is TS-TS, TS-Min, TS-Maj, Min-Min, Min-Maj, and Maj-Maj. This dual classification allows us to explore climatological TCP spatial extents and intensities during the tropical cyclone lifetime. Our dual classification does not account for the timing of the point category relative to the LMI category for a given point along a track (i.e., the time-lag between the LMI and point in consideration). However, the majority of points selected in our analysis occur after the TC has reached its LMI and are in the weakening stage (see Supporting Table S1 for more details). This could be expected, as our analysis is focused on land-based precipitation stations, and TCs weaken over land. However, a small fraction of TC points analyzed occur over the ocean before making landfall, but are close enough to land for precipitation gauges to be impacted.

1. Moving neighborhood method for TCP spatial extent and intensity

   We first find the distribution of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) intensity using all daily land precipitation values from all available stations in a 700 km-radius neighborhood around each point over land on each tropical cyclone track (Figure 1a and Supporting Figure S2). We then create two new binary station datasets, Z1(x) and Z50(x), which indicate whether or not a station meets or exceeds the 1 mm/day or 50 mm/day precipitation threshold, respectively, on a given day. The 50 mm/day threshold is greater than the 75th percentile of TCP across all tropical cyclone categories (Figure 1a), allowing us to capture the characteristics of heavy TCP while retaining a robust sample size. The 1 mm/day threshold captures the extent of the overall TCP around the TC track point.

We use the relaxed moving neighborhood and semivariogram framework developed by Touma et al. (2018) to quantify the spatial extent of Z1 and Z50 TCP for each track point. Using a neighborhood with a 700 km radius around each track point, we select all station pairs that meet two criteria: at least one station has to exhibit the threshold precipitation on that given day (Z(x) = 1; blue and pink stations in Supporting Figure S2b), and at least one station has to be inside the neighborhood (black and pink stations in Supporting Figure S2b). We then calculate the indicator semivariogram, g(h), for each station pair selected for that track point (Eq. 1):

γh=0.5*[Z(x+h)-Z(x)]2, Eq. 1

where h is the separation distance between the stations in the station pair. The indicator semivariogram is a function of the separation distance, and has two possible outcomes: all pairs with two threshold stations (Z(x) = Z(x+h) = 1) have a semivariogram value of 0, and all pairs with one threshold station and one non-threshold station (Z(x) = 1 and Z(x+h) = 0) have a semivariogram value of 0.5.

We then average the semivariogram values for all station pairs for equal intervals of separation distances (up to 1000 km) to obtain the experimental semivariogram (Supporting Figure S2c). To quantify the shape of the experimental semivariogram, we fit three parameters of the theoretical spherical variogram (nugget, partial sill, and practical range) to the experimental semivariogram (Eq. 2):

γ(h) = 0, for h=0

γ(h) = c+b*((3/2)(h/α)-(1/2)(h/α)3), for 0<h≤α

γ(h) = c+b, for h≥α, Eq. 2

where c is the nugget, b is the partial sill, and a is the practical range (Goovaerts, 2015). The nugget quantifies measurement errors or microscale variability, and the partial sill is the maximum value reached by the spherical semivariogram (Goovaerts, 2015). The practical range is the separation distance at which the semivariogram asymptotes (Supporting Figure S2c). At this separation distance, station pairs are no longer likely to exhibit the threshold precipitation (1 mm/day or 50 mm/day) simultaneously (Goovaerts, 2015; Touma et al., 2018). Therefore, as in Touma et al. (2018), we define the length scale – or spatial extent – of TCP for that given track point as the practical range.

There are some subjective choices of the moving neighborhood and semivariogram framework, including the 700 km radius of neighborhood (Touma et al. 2018). Previous studies found that 700 km is sufficient to capture the extent to which tropical cyclones influence precipitation (e.g., Barlow, (2011), Daloz et al. (2010), Hernández Ayala & Matyas (2016), Kim et al. (2014), Knaff et al. (2014), Knutson et al. (2010) and Matyas (2010)). Additionally, Touma et al. (2018) showed that although the neighborhood size can slightly impact the magnitude of length scales, it has little impact on their relative spatial and temporal variations.

1. Analysis of variations and trends

We use Mood’s median test (Desu & Raghavarao, 2003) to test for differences in the median TCP intensity and spatial extent among point-LMI categories, adjusting p-values to account for multiple simultaneous comparisons (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995; Holm, 1979; Sheskin, 2003). To test for changes in TCP characteristics over time, we divide our century-scale dataset into two halves, 1900-1957 and 1958-2017. First, the quartile boundaries are established using the distributions of the earlier period (1900-1957), with one-quarter of the distribution falling in each quartile. Then, we find the fraction of points in each quartile in the later period (1958-2017) to determine changes in the distribution. We also report the p-values of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov

This data reflects areas with a risk of storm tide flooding from hurricanes, based on potential storm tide heights calculated by the National Weather Service's SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and Overland Surge from Hurricanes) Model. The SLOSH Basin used for mapping was Chesapeake Bay (CP5), released in 2014. This data was prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, Planning Division in January 2016. SLOSH storm tide elevations used for this mapping are based on the Maximum of Maximums (MOM) SLOSH output dataset. The MOM output elevations represent the highest calculated storm tide values based on thousands of SLOSH simulations using different combinations of approach direction, forward speed, landfall point, astronomical tide, and intensity (Category 1 through Category 4). Categories 1 through 4 refer to the Saffir-Simpson scale of hurricane intensity. This map does not reflect the expected storm tide flooding for every hurricane, or for any one particular type of hurricane. This map shows the overall footprint of the area that has some risk of storm tide flooding from hurricanes, based on the MOM output dataset.