Annual number of interprovincial migrants by province of origin and destination, Canada, provinces and territories.

Canada’s appeal as an immigration destination has been increasing over the past two decades, with a total of 464,265 people immigrating to the country in 2024. This figure is an increase from 2000-2001, when approximately 252,527 immigrants came to Canada. Immigration to the Great White North Between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023, there were an estimated 199,297 immigrants to Ontario, making it the most popular immigration destination out of any province. While the number of immigrants has been increasing over the years, in 2024 over half of surveyed Canadians believed that there were too many immigrants in the country. However, in 2017, the Canadian government announced its aim to significantly increase the number of permanent residents to Canada in order to combat an aging workforce and the decline of working-age adults. Profiles of immigrants to Canada The gender of immigrants to Canada in 2023 was just about an even split, with 234,279 male immigrants and 234,538 female immigrants. In addition, most foreign-born individuals in Canada came from India, followed by China and the Philippines. The United States was the fifth most common origin country for foreign-born residents in Canada.

This collection contains anonymised and redacted interview transcripts from interviews with government and government service representatives. Those interviews where consent for recording and deposit are included. Interviews include one with a representative from the Canadian Navy, and two with interviews from representatives of the Spanish and Canadian federal governments. Interviews focused on established government policies for refugee reception, eligibility and support, and also Search and Rescue practices and procedures.This project interrogates changing patterns of irregular, or undocumented, migration in maritime space. It asks how the experiences and practices of irregular migrants are impacted by changing policies in border security and asylum, and also how these patterns of migration are themselves driving policy change. The project has a particular focus on how security efforts that attempt to respond to human trafficking and people smuggling (and that often conflate the two) are impacting the vulnerabilities of migrants, particularly asylum seekers, as they cross maritime borders. In pursuing these questions, this research prioritises the experiences and perspectives of migrants themselves by using innovative qualitative methods that enable migrants to tell their own stories, in their own ways. The objectives of this project are to place the migrant experience at the centre of our understanding of irregular maritime migration, to bring local case studies together to reveal global patterns of policy change, and to understand how the maritime space offers opportunities to rethink how we understand the international realm. The project is built around two case studies: the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In both cases, two migration routes will be studied. For the Pacific, the journey that transits through Indonesia to Australia, and that which transits through Thailand to Canada are the focus; in the Mediterranean, the journeys examined are from Morocco to Spain, and from Libya to Italy. To understand these routes, in-depth field research will be undertaken in the four destination states (Australia, Canada, Spain, and Italy) in order to trace the experience of migrants backwards from their destination through their migration journeys. These experiences will be analyzed against patterns of policy change in each state, and of interstate cooperation and governance at regional and global levels to reveal how states have responded to the arrival of boats carrying undocumented migrants, and how these responses have then impacted the mobility of these individuals. The guiding research method is ethnography, which includes participant observation, unstructured interviews, and visual ethnographies. The visual ethnographies represent a new method, and will allow migrants themselves to tell their own stories through video and photography. These pieces will then be made available on the Project Website, and will be screened at a final Public Engagement Event. Ethnographies will also be supported by semi-structured interviews and by policy analysis. Throughout the project, this research will be supported by comprehensive skills development for the researcher, which includes methodology training, the development of academic and practitioner networks, and the development of leadership skills and opportunities in the field. The research in this project will enhance our understanding of irregular migration and processes of political change that impact border security and asylum politics. This will be reflected in several journal articles, and a final book manuscript that will be submitted for review at the end of the project. This research will also have important non-academic impacts. Through activities that include the Website and Public Event noted above, targeted Workshops in each research site, and the regular publication of Briefing Notes and Project Reports, this project will build and enhance cross-community networks. The key audiences for this research include the general public, policy makers, advocacy and support workers, and migrants themselves. Through this research, policy debates will be informed by deeper understandings of irregular migration. Further, the activities and publications of the project will build new opportunities for communication, and for consultation and collaboration in developing more effective and humane responses to the challenges posed by irregular migration across water. Semi-structured interviews with representatives from government departments and organisations with responsibilties facing migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Sampling took place through snowballing methods and via organisation-network mapping. The collection represents transcripts of interviews where recordings were taken and consent obtained for transcript deposit. Three transcripts are included: 2 from Canada, and 1 from Spain.

This collection represents anonymised and redacted interview transcripts from interviews with NGO/INGO organisational representatives. Interviews were conducted between 2016 and 2020, across several case studies: Canada (Vancouver, Ottawa), Greece (Athens, Kos), Spain (Almeria, Madrid), Australia (Canberra, Melbourne). Each organisation has a targeted responsibility for refugee settlement, support, or processing in each cases; in some cases, the NGO is internationally focused, and so interviews included discussion of advocacy and a comparison across cases. Interviews focus on practical experience and day-to-day activities, barriers to effective support, successes, and recommendations for change.This project interrogates changing patterns of irregular, or undocumented, migration in maritime space. It asks how the experiences and practices of irregular migrants are impacted by changing policies in border security and asylum, and also how these patterns of migration are themselves driving policy change. The project has a particular focus on how security efforts that attempt to respond to human trafficking and people smuggling (and that often conflate the two) are impacting the vulnerabilities of migrants, particularly asylum seekers, as they cross maritime borders. In pursuing these questions, this research prioritises the experiences and perspectives of migrants themselves by using innovative qualitative methods that enable migrants to tell their own stories, in their own ways. The objectives of this project are to place the migrant experience at the centre of our understanding of irregular maritime migration, to bring local case studies together to reveal global patterns of policy change, and to understand how the maritime space offers opportunities to rethink how we understand the international realm. The project is built around two case studies: the Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In both cases, two migration routes will be studied. For the Pacific, the journey that transits through Indonesia to Australia, and that which transits through Thailand to Canada are the focus; in the Mediterranean, the journeys examined are from Morocco to Spain, and from Libya to Italy. To understand these routes, in-depth field research will be undertaken in the four destination states (Australia, Canada, Spain, and Italy) in order to trace the experience of migrants backwards from their destination through their migration journeys. These experiences will be analyzed against patterns of policy change in each state, and of interstate cooperation and governance at regional and global levels to reveal how states have responded to the arrival of boats carrying undocumented migrants, and how these responses have then impacted the mobility of these individuals. The guiding research method is ethnography, which includes participant observation, unstructured interviews, and visual ethnographies. The visual ethnographies represent a new method, and will allow migrants themselves to tell their own stories through video and photography. These pieces will then be made available on the Project Website, and will be screened at a final Public Engagement Event. Ethnographies will also be supported by semi-structured interviews and by policy analysis. Throughout the project, this research will be supported by comprehensive skills development for the researcher, which includes methodology training, the development of academic and practitioner networks, and the development of leadership skills and opportunities in the field. The research in this project will enhance our understanding of irregular migration and processes of political change that impact border security and asylum politics. This will be reflected in several journal articles, and a final book manuscript that will be submitted for review at the end of the project. This research will also have important non-academic impacts. Through activities that include the Website and Public Event noted above, targeted Workshops in each research site, and the regular publication of Briefing Notes and Project Reports, this project will build and enhance cross-community networks. The key audiences for this research include the general public, policy makers, advocacy and support workers, and migrants themselves. Through this research, policy debates will be informed by deeper understandings of irregular migration. Further, the activities and publications of the project will build new opportunities for communication, and for consultation and collaboration in developing more effective and humane responses to the challenges posed by irregular migration across water. Semi-structured interviews with representatives from NGOs and community organisations that work with migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Sampling took place through snowballing methods and via organisation-network mapping. The collection represents transcripts of interviews where recordings were taken and consent obtained for transcript deposit. Seven transcipts are included, with 3 from Canada, 3 from Australia, and one from Greece.

This dataset covers ballots 529-33, 752, 761, 765-67, 776, 806-12, spanning January-December 1988. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 529-1 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on what Canada's biggest problem is, the prospect of peace in the Middle-east and which party is best equipped to deal with Canada's biggest problem. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, whether or not an election should be called and how hard people work . The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada's biggest problem; evaluation of party to best deal with Canada's problems; subsidized day-care; the conflict in the Middle-east; Canada's economic situation in the next six months; the security of computer credit information; whether or not an election should be called; how hard people work; and predictions for Canada's next parliament. Basic demographic variables are also included. 530-1 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on what Canada's biggest problem is, the prospect of peace in the Middle-east and which party is best equipped to deal with Canada's biggest problem. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, whether or not an election should be called and how hard people work . The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada's biggest problem; evaluation of party to best deal with Canada's problems; subsidized day-care; the conflict in the Middle-east; Canada's economic situation in the next six months; the security of computer credit information; whether or not an election should be called; how hard people work; and predictions for Canada's next parliament. Basic demographic variables are also included. 531-1 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about different political figures and parties, current events and the severity of substance abuse in Canada. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the ability of the United States to treat the world's problems, the existence of U.F.O's and life on other planets and unemployment insurance. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: drug and alcohol use in Canada; bias in new reporting; cabinet minister identification; opinions on Canadian political leaders; cruise missile testing in Canada's north; nuclear energy in Canada; immigration quotas; unemployment insurance; disposable income; and U.F.O's. Basic demographics are also included. 532-1 - April This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions on the prevelance and acceptance of homosexuality, and approval of the Meech Lake accord. There are also questions on other topics of interest such acid rain versus free trade negotiations with the Unite States, patriotism in Canada and Sunday shopping. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: acid rain versus free trade as most important issue to negotiate with U.S.; approval of granting Quebec distinct society status in the Meech Lake accord; approval of granting more power to the provinces in the Meech Lake accord; degree of patriotism in Canada; effect of a candidate's sexual orientation on getting votes; general familiarity with and approval of the Meech Lake accord; professions homosexuals should or should not be allowed to pursue; rights for homosexuals; Svend Robinson's declaring himself as a homosexual; the minimum amount of money a family of four needs per week to get by; abortion as woman and doctor's decision; and Sunday shopping. Basic demographic variables are also included. 533-1 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the frequency of political preference, influential factors in political choices and general economic issues. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as religious habits, anti-smoking bylaws and the impact of computers. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: the rate and regulation of bank fees; importance of organized religion; the economic future of Canada; the ideal number of children to have; the impact and availability of computers; anti-smoking bylaws; approval of 1984 Progressive Conservative government; approval of 1988 party leaders; abortion; influential factors on voter choice; and free trade. Basic demographics are also included. 752-p - August (Alberta Regional Review) This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Albertans on predominantly political issues. Topics of interest include: whether Canadian farmers require special government assistance, remuneration for the Principal Group failure, voting behavior in the provincial election, opinion on the Progressive Conservative government in Edmonton, Don Getty, Ray Martin, Don Getty stepping down as leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party, the Provincial Liberal Part, voting behavior in the federal election, and the trading of Wayne Gretzky's effect on the Edmonton Oilers and Los Angeles Kings. Basic demographics are also included. 761-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and upcoming political voting trends. There are also questions dealing with Party leaders and the situations they would excel in. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: voting behaviour; the Election; party leaders; Brian Mulroney; Ed Broadbent; John Turner/ Basic demographic variables are also included. 765-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians from the Toronto area, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about current municipal level problems like traffic congestion and housing prices as well as opinions on federal issues like abortion and free trade. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as voting choice, political leaders at the federal level and who would make the best Prime Minister. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: degree of interest in upcoming federal election; likelihood that respondent will choose to vote; vote inclination or preferences; federal election's main issue; social issues facing Toronto; and evaluations of Brian Mulroney, John Turner and Edbroadbent. Basic demographics are also included. 766-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on political leaders during the televised debate. The questions ask opinions about the winner fo the debate, the impact of the debate on the respondents upcoming vote and the free trade issue. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: wether the respondents watched the debate in full or only part; the winner according to the respondents; the impact on the respondents upcoming vote; the preferences of the respondents before viewing the debate; and the necessity of a separate debate concerning the free trade issue. Basic demographics are also included. 767-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political questions. The questions ask opinions about candidates and parties in the upcoming federal election, the respondents' degree of interest in the current electoral campaign. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as voting choice, and the proposed Canada - U.S. Free Trade Agreement. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: degree of interest in upcoming election; likelihood that respondent will choose to vote; previous voting; voter preferences; factors influencing voter's choice; support for, and potential impact of free trade; and assessments of party leaders and other prominent political leaders. Basic demographics are also included. 776-t - November (missing) 806-1 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders, business conditions, free trade and social issues such as abortion. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as amnesty for illegal immigrants and child birth incentives to counteract the falling birth rate. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: allowing amnesty to illegal immigrants; business conditions; Canadian political party leaders; Free Trade and its effect on employment, income and Canada U.S. relations; incentives to counter falling birth rates; legalization of abortion; political figures: Brian Mulrooney, John Turner, Ed Broadbent and the 1988 Canadian Cabinet; problems facing Canada today; and American investment in Canada.