In January 2022, it was estimated that about 1.85 million male illegal immigrants living in the United States were aged between 35 and 44 years old. In that same year, it was estimated that 1.52 million female illegal immigrants living in the U.S. were between 35 and 44 years old.

Attitudes towards the topics of internal security, asylum, immigration and counter-terrorism. 1. Internal security: subjective feeling of security or concern about criminal attacks; assessment of relevant sources of fear of crime (e.g. through portrayals of violence on television, through the daily news about crime and criminality, own experiences of victimisation, etc.); concern about concrete crimes (attacks by Islamist terrorists, organised criminal gangs from abroad, young people´s propensity to violence, theft and assaults on the open street, break-ins and break-ins of cars, violence in the family, police assaults); assessment of policy efforts to ensure security; assessment of appropriate security measures (more visible presence of police and law enforcement officers, faster deportation of foreign criminals, law enforcement officers in public transport, video surveillance of public places and in public transport vehicles, tougher penalties, more intensive police checks on motorways, stronger internet surveillance, more social prevention projects for young people); assessment of stronger cooperation between different German and international security bodies (police authorities of the Federation and the federal states, police and intelligence services of the EU states, resp. police and intelligence services of Germany and the USA); attitude towards video surveillance in public places (feeling of security or rather of unease or both at the same time); attitude towards data retention. 2. Attitudes towards asylum and immigration: Dealing with refugees with rejected asylum applications (deportation or toleration under certain conditions); concern about the increase in the number of refugees; concrete concerns regarding the topic of asylum and refugees in Germany (alienation, increasing criminality, rise in right-wing radicalism, loss of German identity, increase in illegal immigrants in the country, excessive demands on social security systems); necessity of selected measures to improve and tighten asylum law (immediate deportation in the case of rejected asylum applications, work permits for asylum seekers, toleration despite rejection of the asylum application, stricter examination of the grounds for asylum); assessment of selected criteria for immigration to Germany (occupation in demand, family members in Germany, young or old, political persecution in home country, university degree, good knowledge of German, no criminal offences in home country, desire for education); opinion on the immigration of highly qualified skilled workers from abroad; assessment of the domestic significance of German immigration policy; assessment of the importance of a welcoming culture for immigrants; immigrants feel welcome vs. not welcome in Germany. 3. Counter-terrorism: assessment of the danger of terrorist attacks in Germany; assessment of the federal government´s efforts with regard to protection against a terrorist attack; opinions on punishment of financial supporters and of sympathisers of terrorist organisations. Demography: sex; age; highest level of education; employment; occupational status; marital status (household structure); religious denomination; net household income. Additionally coded were: Respondent ID; weighting factor; city size; federal state. Einstellungen zu den Themen Innere Sicherheit, Asyl, Einwanderung und Terrorbekämpfung. 1. Innere Sicherheit: Subjektives Sicherheitsgefühl bzw. Sorge vor kriminellen Übergriffen; Einschätzung von maßgeblichen Quellen für Kriminalitätsfurcht (z. B. durch Gewaltdarstellungen im Fernsehen, durch die täglichen Nachrichten über Verbrechen und Kriminalität, eigene Viktimisierungserfahrungen, etc.); Sorge vor konkreten Verbrechen (Anschläge islamistischer Terroristen, organisierte kriminelle Banden aus dem Ausland, Gewaltbereitschaft Jugendlicher, Diebstahl und Überfälle auf offener Straße, Einbrüche und Aufbrechen von Autos, Gewalt in der Familie, Polizeiübergriffe); Beurteilung der Bemühungen der Politik, Sicherheit zu gewährleisten; Beurteilung von geeigneten Sicherheitsmaßnahmen (mehr sichtbare Präsenz von Polizei und Ordnungskräften, schnellere Abschiebung von ausländischen Straftätern, Ordnungskräfte im öffentlichen Nahverkehr, Videoüberwachung öffentlicher Plätze und in Nahverkehrsmitteln, härtere Strafen, intensivere Polizeikontrollen auf Autobahnen, stärkere Internetüberwachung, mehr soziale Präventionsprojekte für Jugendliche); Beurteilung der stärkeren Zusammenarbeit von verschiedenen deutschen und internationalen Sicherheitsorganen (Polizeibehörden von Bund und Ländern, Polizei und Nachrichtendienste der EU-Staaten bzw. Polizei und Nachrichtendienste von Deutschland und den USA); Einstellung zur Videoüberwachung auf öffentlichen Plätzen (Gefühl von Sicherheit oder eher von Unbehagen oder beides gleichzeitig); Einstellung zur Vorratsdatenspeicherung. 2. Einstellungen zu Asyl und Einwanderung: Umgang mit Flüchtlingen mit abgelehntem Asylantrag (Abschiebung oder Duldung unter bestimmten Bedingungen); Sorge um Anstieg der Flüchtlingszahlen; konkrete Sorgen in Bezug das Thema Asyl und Flüchtlinge in Deutschland (Überfremdung, steigende Kriminalität, Anstieg des Rechtsradikalismus, Verlust der deutschen Identität, Zuwachs an Illegalen im Land, Überforderung der sozialen Sicherungssysteme); Notwendigkeit ausgewählter Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung und Verschärfung des Asylrechts (sofortige Abschiebung bei abgelehnten Asylanträgen, Arbeitserlaubnis für Asylbewerber, Duldung trotz Ablehnung des Asylantrags, strengere Prüfung der Asylgründe); Beurteilung ausgewählter Kriterien für die Einwanderung nach Deutschland (nachgefragter Beruf, Familienangehörige in Deutschland, jung oder alt, politische Verfolgung im Heimatland, Universitätsabschluss, gute Deutschkenntnisse, keine Straftaten im Heimatland, Ausbildungswunsch); Meinung zur Zuwanderung hochqualifizierter Fachkräfte aus dem Ausland; Beurteilung der innenpolitischen Bedeutsamkeit der deutschen Einwanderungspolitik; Beurteilung der Wichtigkeit einer Willkommenskultur für Einwanderer; Einwanderer fühlen sich in Deutschland willkommen vs. nicht willkommen. 3. Terrorbekämpfung: Einschätzung der Gefahr terroristischer Anschläge in Deutschland; Einschätzung der Bemühungen der Bundesregierung im Hinblick auf den Schutz vor einem terroristischen Anschlag; Meinungen zu Bestrafung von finanziellen Unterstützern und von Sympathiewerbern von Terrororganisationen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; höchster Bildungsabschluss; Erwerbstätigkeit; berufliche Stellung; Familienstand (Haushaltsstruktur); Konfession; Haushaltsnettoeinkommen. Zusätzlich verkodet wurden: Befragten-ID; Gewichtungsfaktor; Ortsgröße; Bundesland.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. The main aim of this research is to study the criminal mobility of ethnic-based organized crime groups. The project examines whether organized crime groups are able to move abroad easily and to reproduce their territorial control in a foreign country, or whether these groups, and/or individual members, start a life of crime only after their arrival in the new territories, potentially as a result of social exclusion, economic strain, culture conflict and labeling. More specifically, the aim is to examine the criminal mobility of ethnic Albanian organized crime groups involved in a range of criminal markets and operating in and around New York City, area and to study the relevance of the importation/alien conspiracy model versus the deprivation model of organized crime in relation to Albanian organized crime. There are several analytical dimensions in this study: (1) reasons for going abroad; (2) the nature of the presence abroad; (3) level of support from ethnic constituencies in the new territories; (4) importance of cultural codes; (5) organizational structure; (6) selection of criminal activities; (7) economic incentives and political infiltration. This study utilizes a mixed-methods approach with a sequential exploratory design, in which qualitative data and documents are collected and analyzed first, followed by quantitative data. Demographic variables in this collection include age, gender, birth place, immigration status, nationality, ethnicity, education, religion, and employment status. Two main data sources were employed: (1) court documents, including indictments and court transcripts related to select organized crime cases (84 court documents on 29 groups, 254 offenders); (2) in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 9 ethnic Albanian offenders currently serving prison sentences in U.S. Federal Prisons for organized crime related activities, and with 79 adult ethnic Albanian immigrants in New York, including common people, undocumented migrants, offenders, and people with good knowledge of Albanian organized crime modus operandi. Sampling for these data were conducted in five phases, the first of which involved researchers examining court documents and identifying members of 29 major ethnic Albanian organized crime groups operating in the New York area between 1975 and 2013 who were or had served sentences in the U.S. Federal Prisons for organized crime related activities. In phase two researchers conducted eight in-depth interviews with law enforcement experts working in New York or New Jersey. Phase three involved interviews with members of the Albanian diaspora and filed observations from an ethnographic study. Researchers utilized snowball and respondent driven (RDS) recruitment methods to create the sample for the diaspora dataset. The self-reported criteria for recruitment to participate in the diaspora interviews were: (1) age 18 or over; (2) of ethnic Albanian origin (foreign-born or 1st/2nd generation); and (3) living in NYC area for at least 1 year. They also visited neighborhoods identified as high concentrations of ethnic Albanian individuals and conducted an ethnographic study to locate the target population. In phase four, data for the cultural advisors able to help with the project data was collected. In the fifth and final phase, researchers gathered data for the second wave of the diaspora data, and conducted interviews with offenders with ethnic Albanian immigrants with knowledge of the organized crime situation in New York City area. Researchers also approached about twenty organized crime figures currently serving a prison sentence, and were able to conduct 9 in-depth interviews.

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about national consciousness and national identity. Identification with the town, the city, the region, the nation and with the respective continent; most important characteristics for national identity; identification with one´s own nation and national pride (scale); perceived pride in the democracy of the country, the political influence of the country in the world, the economic achievement, the social security system, the scientific achievements, the achievements in sports, the achievements in arts or literature, the armed forces, the history and equal rights of all social groups in society; preference for protective duty to support the national economy; attitude to the right of international institutions to enforce solutions to be accepted nationally; attitude to enforcing national interests regardless of evoking conflicts with other countries; rejection of acquisition of land by foreigners in one´s country; preference for national films in national television stations; damage done by large international companies to the local business; attitude to free trade; attitude to follow the decisions of international organisations even if the local government does not agree with them; international organisations take away too much power from the country; availability of worldwide information as a benefit of the internet; importance of sharing national customs and traditions to achieve full nationality; attitude to government support of national minorities to preserve their customs and habits; preference for assimilation of minorities or retention of their identity; hostility to foreigners and prejudices against immigrants (scale); attitude to a reduction of immigration of foreigners; respondents citizenship; citizenship of parents at birth of respondent; birthplace or citizenship of parents should allow naturalization of children; same rights for citizens and legal immigrants; attitude towards stronger measures regarding illegal immigrants; languages spoken at home; perceived ethnic affiliation and strength of this feeling. Additional questions in EU states: Advantageousness of membership of the country in the EU; benefits from EU-membership; attitude towards a powerful EU-government. Demography: Sex; age; marital status; steady life-partner; years in school, current employment status; current employment status of spouse; hours worked weekly; occupation of respondent and spouse (ISCO-88); respondent and spouse working for private, public sector or self-employed; supervisor function; union membership; household size; family income; respondents earnings; household composition; self-placement on a left-right continuum; party preference; vote last election; religious denomination; frequency of church attendance; self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region; town size, rural or urban region; ethnicity or nationality. Additionally encoded: Mode of data-collection. Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu nationalem Bewusstsein und nationaler Identität. Wichtigste gesellschaftliche Gruppe mit der sich der Befragte identifiziert; Verbundenheit mit dem Stadtteil, der Stadt, der Region, der Nation und mit dem jeweiligen Kontinent; wichtigste Merkmale für nationale Identität; Identifikation mit der eigenen Nation und Nationalstolz (Skala); empfundener Stolz auf die Demokratie des Landes, auf den politischen Einfluss des Landes in der Welt, auf die wirtschaftlichen Erfolge, die sozialstaatlichen Leistungen, die wissenschaftlichen Errungenschaften, die sportlichen Erfolge, die Leistungen in Kunst bzw. Literatur, die Streitkräfte, die Geschichte und die Gleichberechtigung aller gesellschaftlichen Gruppen im Lande; Präferenz für Schutzzölle zur Stützung der nationalen Wirtschaft; Einstellung zum Durchgreifen internationaler Institutionen zum Durchsetzen von Lösungen auf nationaler Ebene; Präferenz für die Durchsetzung nationaler Interessen selbst bei Konflikten mit anderen Ländern; Ablehnung des Grunderwerbs durch Ausländer im eigenen Land; Präferenz für nationale Filme von nationalen Fernsehstationen; Schaden für die heimische Wirtschaft durch große internationale Unternehmen; Einstellung zum freien Handel; Einstellung zum Erfüllen internationaler Verpflichtungen; empfundene Schwächung des eigenen Landes durch internationale Organisationen; Verfügbarkeit weltweiter Informationen als positive Folge des Internets; Wichtigkeit der Befolgung nationaler Sitten und Traditionen für eine vollständige nationale Identität; Einstellung zur Unterstützung ethnischer Minderheiten zum Erhalt ihrer Sitten und Gebräuche; Präferenz zur Assimilation von Minderheiten oder Beibehalt ihrer Identität; Ausländerfeindlichkeit und Vorurteile gegen Einwanderer (Skala); Einstellung zu einer Reduzierung der Zuwanderung von Ausländern; Staatsangehörigkeit; Staatsangehörigkeit der Eltern bei Geburt des Befragten; präferierte Voraussetzung für eine Einbürgerung; zuhause gesprochene Sprache; gleiche Rechte für Bürger und legale Zuwanderer; Einstellung zu verschärften Maßnahmen gegenüber illegalen Zuwanderern; Wichtigkeit des Erhalts einer Nation oder Separierung in mehrere Staaten; empfundene ethnische Zugehörigkeit und Stärke dieses Verbundenheitsgefühls. In EU-Staaten wurde zusätzlich gefragt: Vorteilhaftigkeit der Mitgliedschaft des Landes in der EU; Einstellung zu einer starken EU-Regierung. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Familienstand; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; absolvierte Schuljahre; derzeitige Berufstätigkeit des Befragten und seiner Partnerin; Wochenarbeitszeit; Beruf des Befragten und seiner Partnerin (ISCO-88); Vorgesetztenfunktion; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Haushaltsgröße; Familieneinkommen; Einkommen des Befragten; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Selbsteinschätzung auf einem Links-rechts-Kontinuum; Parteipräferenz; Wahlverhalten bei der letzten Wahl; Konfession; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Selbsteinschätzung der Schichtzugehörigkeit; Region; Ortsgröße; Urbanisierungsgrad; ethnische Zugehörigkeit oder Nationalität. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Datenerhebungsmethode.

This dataset covers ballots 529-33, 752, 761, 765-67, 776, 806-12, spanning January-December 1988. The dataset contains the data resulting from these polls in ASCII. The ballots are as follows: 529-1 - January This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on what Canada's biggest problem is, the prospect of peace in the Middle-east and which party is best equipped to deal with Canada's biggest problem. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, whether or not an election should be called and how hard people work . The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada's biggest problem; evaluation of party to best deal with Canada's problems; subsidized day-care; the conflict in the Middle-east; Canada's economic situation in the next six months; the security of computer credit information; whether or not an election should be called; how hard people work; and predictions for Canada's next parliament. Basic demographic variables are also included. 530-1 - February This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly social and political issues. The questions ask opinions on what Canada's biggest problem is, the prospect of peace in the Middle-east and which party is best equipped to deal with Canada's biggest problem. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as subsidized day-care, whether or not an election should be called and how hard people work . The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: Canada's biggest problem; evaluation of party to best deal with Canada's problems; subsidized day-care; the conflict in the Middle-east; Canada's economic situation in the next six months; the security of computer credit information; whether or not an election should be called; how hard people work; and predictions for Canada's next parliament. Basic demographic variables are also included. 531-1 - March This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about different political figures and parties, current events and the severity of substance abuse in Canada. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as the ability of the United States to treat the world's problems, the existence of U.F.O's and life on other planets and unemployment insurance. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: drug and alcohol use in Canada; bias in new reporting; cabinet minister identification; opinions on Canadian political leaders; cruise missile testing in Canada's north; nuclear energy in Canada; immigration quotas; unemployment insurance; disposable income; and U.F.O's. Basic demographics are also included. 532-1 - April This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions on the prevelance and acceptance of homosexuality, and approval of the Meech Lake accord. There are also questions on other topics of interest such acid rain versus free trade negotiations with the Unite States, patriotism in Canada and Sunday shopping. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: acid rain versus free trade as most important issue to negotiate with U.S.; approval of granting Quebec distinct society status in the Meech Lake accord; approval of granting more power to the provinces in the Meech Lake accord; degree of patriotism in Canada; effect of a candidate's sexual orientation on getting votes; general familiarity with and approval of the Meech Lake accord; professions homosexuals should or should not be allowed to pursue; rights for homosexuals; Svend Robinson's declaring himself as a homosexual; the minimum amount of money a family of four needs per week to get by; abortion as woman and doctor's decision; and Sunday shopping. Basic demographic variables are also included. 533-1 - May This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political and social issues. The questions ask opinions about the frequency of political preference, influential factors in political choices and general economic issues. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as religious habits, anti-smoking bylaws and the impact of computers. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: the rate and regulation of bank fees; importance of organized religion; the economic future of Canada; the ideal number of children to have; the impact and availability of computers; anti-smoking bylaws; approval of 1984 Progressive Conservative government; approval of 1988 party leaders; abortion; influential factors on voter choice; and free trade. Basic demographics are also included. 752-p - August (Alberta Regional Review) This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Albertans on predominantly political issues. Topics of interest include: whether Canadian farmers require special government assistance, remuneration for the Principal Group failure, voting behavior in the provincial election, opinion on the Progressive Conservative government in Edmonton, Don Getty, Ray Martin, Don Getty stepping down as leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party, the Provincial Liberal Part, voting behavior in the federal election, and the trading of Wayne Gretzky's effect on the Edmonton Oilers and Los Angeles Kings. Basic demographics are also included. 761-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues and social issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders and upcoming political voting trends. There are also questions dealing with Party leaders and the situations they would excel in. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographical variables. Topics of interest include: voting behaviour; the Election; party leaders; Brian Mulroney; Ed Broadbent; John Turner/ Basic demographic variables are also included. 765-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians from the Toronto area, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about current municipal level problems like traffic congestion and housing prices as well as opinions on federal issues like abortion and free trade. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as voting choice, political leaders at the federal level and who would make the best Prime Minister. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: degree of interest in upcoming federal election; likelihood that respondent will choose to vote; vote inclination or preferences; federal election's main issue; social issues facing Toronto; and evaluations of Brian Mulroney, John Turner and Edbroadbent. Basic demographics are also included. 766-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on political leaders during the televised debate. The questions ask opinions about the winner fo the debate, the impact of the debate on the respondents upcoming vote and the free trade issue. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: wether the respondents watched the debate in full or only part; the winner according to the respondents; the impact on the respondents upcoming vote; the preferences of the respondents before viewing the debate; and the necessity of a separate debate concerning the free trade issue. Basic demographics are also included. 767-t - October This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political questions. The questions ask opinions about candidates and parties in the upcoming federal election, the respondents' degree of interest in the current electoral campaign. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as voting choice, and the proposed Canada - U.S. Free Trade Agreement. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: degree of interest in upcoming election; likelihood that respondent will choose to vote; previous voting; voter preferences; factors influencing voter's choice; support for, and potential impact of free trade; and assessments of party leaders and other prominent political leaders. Basic demographics are also included. 776-t - November (missing) 806-1 - June This Gallup poll seeks the opinions of Canadians, on predominantly political issues. The questions ask opinions about political leaders, business conditions, free trade and social issues such as abortion. There are also questions on other topics of interest such as amnesty for illegal immigrants and child birth incentives to counteract the falling birth rate. The respondents were also asked questions so that they could be grouped according to geographic, political and social variables. Topics of interest include: allowing amnesty to illegal immigrants; business conditions; Canadian political party leaders; Free Trade and its effect on employment, income and Canada U.S. relations; incentives to counter falling birth rates; legalization of abortion; political figures: Brian Mulrooney, John Turner, Ed Broadbent and the 1988 Canadian Cabinet; problems facing Canada today; and American investment in Canada.

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about national consciousness and national identity.
The release of the cumulated ISSP ´National Identity´ modules for the years 1995, 2003 and 2013 consists of two separate datasets: ZA5960 and ZA5961. This documentation deals with the main dataset ZA5960. It contains all the cumulated variables, while the supplementary data file ZA5961 contains those variables that could not be cumulated for various reasons. However, they can be matched easily to the cumulated file if necessary. A comprehensive overview on the contents, the structure and basic coding rules of both data files can be found in the following guide:

Guide for the ISSP ´National Identity´ cumulation of the years 1995, 2003, and 2013

National Identity I-III:

Identification with the town/ the city, the region (county), the country, and with the respective continent; important characteristics for national identity (to be born in the country, to have citizenship of the country, living most time of life in the country, to be able to speak country language, to be a (dominant religion in the country, to respect (country nationality) politicial institutions and laws, to feel country nationality, to have country nationality ancestry); agreement with different statements (I would rather be a citizen of (country) than of any other country in the world, things about country feel ashamed, the world would be a better place if people were more like the (country nationality), (country) is a better country than most other countries, people should support their country even if the country is in the wrong, when my country does well in international sports, it makes me proud to be (country nationality), often less proud of (country) than I would like to be); proud of: the way democracy works in the country, its political influence in the world, the country´s economic achievements, its social security system, its scientific and technological achievements, its achievements in sports, the achievements in the arts and literature, country´s armed forces, its history, and fair treatment of all groups in society; attitude towards the relations between one´s country and other countries (country should limit the import of foreign products in order to protect the national economy, international bodies should enforce solutions for certain problems like environment pollution, enforcing national interests regardless of evoking conflicts with other countries, rejection of the acquisition of land by foreigners, television should prefer national films and programs); large international companies damage local businesses; free trade leads to better products in the country; country should follow decisions of international organisations; international organisations are taking too much power from the government; attitude towards minorities in respondent´s country (without shared customs no full membership, ethnic minorities should be given government assistance to preserve their customs and traditions, better for a society if groups maintain their traditions vs. adapt in the larger society); attitude towards immigrants (immigrants increase crime rates, immigrants are generally good for country´s economy, immigrants take jobs away from people who were born in the country, immigrants bring new ideas and cultures, legal immigrants should have same rights as (country nationality) citizens, illegal immigrants should be excluded); attitude towards the number of immigrants in the country; national pride; respondents citizenship; citizenship of parents at the time of the respondent´s birth; attitutde towards the European Union (appropriate association for the continent/ subcontinent): how much heard or read about the European Union; country benefits from being member of the European Union; country should follow decisions of the European Union; EU should have more power than national government; decision at EU Referendum to become new member of the EU (for prospective members only); decision at EU Referendum to remain member of the EU; country should remain one nation vs. parts of the country should be allowed to become fully separate nations if they choose to; self-assessed affiliation of ethnic group.

Demography: sex; age; education: years of schooling; highest completed education level...

This Los Angeles Times poll is one in a series of opinion studies designed to measure public attitudes on a number of critical issues. This particular survey focuses on politics, direction of California, Clinton job performance, state legislature job performance, American citizenship, the 1996 presidential election, tax plans, teen drug use, the school system, intention to vote, their vote for certain propositions, the California recession, the environment versus economy, welfare, illegal immigrants, affirmative action, location of home, Governor Pete Wilson's job performance, political ideology, and religious background. The survey was conducted via telephone with men and women 18 years of age or older. The survey was conducted in both Spanish and English.

Please Note: This dataset is part of the historical CISER Data Archive Collection and is also available at the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at https://doi.org/10.25940/ROPER-31093068. We highly recommend using the Roper Center version as they may make this dataset available in multiple data formats in the future.