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TwitterList of the data tables as part of the Immigration system statistics Home Office release. Summary and detailed data tables covering the immigration system, including out-of-country and in-country visas, asylum, detention, and returns.
If you have any feedback, please email MigrationStatsEnquiries@homeoffice.gov.uk.
The Microsoft Excel .xlsx files may not be suitable for users of assistive technology.
If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of these documents in a more accessible format, please email MigrationStatsEnquiries@homeoffice.gov.uk
Please tell us what format you need. It will help us if you say what assistive technology you use.
Immigration system statistics, year ending September 2025
Immigration system statistics quarterly release
Immigration system statistics user guide
Publishing detailed data tables in migration statistics
Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline
Immigration statistics data archives
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691afc82e39a085bda43edd8/passenger-arrivals-summary-sep-2025-tables.ods">Passenger arrivals summary tables, year ending September 2025 (ODS, 31.5 KB)
‘Passengers refused entry at the border summary tables’ and ‘Passengers refused entry at the border detailed datasets’ have been discontinued. The latest published versions of these tables are from February 2025 and are available in the ‘Passenger refusals – release discontinued’ section. A similar data series, ‘Refused entry at port and subsequently departed’, is available within the Returns detailed and summary tables.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b03595a253e2c40d705b9/electronic-travel-authorisation-datasets-sep-2025.xlsx">Electronic travel authorisation detailed datasets, year ending September 2025 (MS Excel Spreadsheet, 58.6 KB)
ETA_D01: Applications for electronic travel authorisations, by nationality
ETA_D02: Outcomes of applications for electronic travel authorisations, by nationality
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6924812a367485ea116a56bd/visas-summary-sep-2025-tables.ods">Entry clearance visas summary tables, year ending September 2025 (ODS, 53.3 KB)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691aebbf5a253e2c40d70598/entry-clearance-visa-outcomes-datasets-sep-2025.xlsx">Entry clearance visa applications and outcomes detailed datasets, year ending September 2025 (MS Excel Spreadsheet, 30.2 MB)
Vis_D01: Entry clearance visa applications, by nationality and visa type
Vis_D02: Outcomes of entry clearance visa applications, by nationality, visa type, and outcome
Additional data relating to in country and overse
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TwitterImmigration system statistics quarterly release.
The Microsoft Excel .xlsx files may not be suitable for users of assistive technology.
If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of these documents in a more accessible format, please email migrationstatsenquiries@homeoffice.gov.uk
Please tell us what format you need. It will help us if you say what assistive technology you use.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691c5c1f84a267da57d706a1/regional-and-local-authority-dataset-sep-2025.ods">Regional and local authority data on immigration groups, year ending September 2025 (ODS, 265 KB)
Reg_01: Immigration groups, by Region and Devolved Administration
Reg_02: Immigration groups, by Local Authority
Please note that the totals across all pathways and per capita percentages for City of London and Isles of Scilly do not include Homes for Ukraine arrivals due to suppression, in line with published Homes for Ukraine figures.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/68a6ecc6bceafd8d0d96a086/regional-and-local-authority-dataset-jun-2025.ods">Regional and local authority data on immigration groups, year ending June 2025 (ODS, 264 KB)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6825e438a60aeba5ab34e046/regional-and-local-authority-dataset-mar-2025.xlsx">Regional and local authority data on immigration groups, year ending March 2025 (MS Excel Spreadsheet, 279 KB)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/67bc89984ad141d90835347b/regional-and-local-authority-dataset-dec-2024.ods">Regional and local authority data on immigration groups, year ending December 2024 (ODS, 263 KB)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69248038367485ea116a56ba/regional-and-local-authority-dataset-sep-2024.ods">Regional and local authority data on immigration groups, year ending September 2024 (ODS, 263 KB)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66bf74a8dcb0757928e5bd4c/regional-and-local-authority-dataset-jun-24.ods">Regional and local authority data on immigration groups, year ending June 2024 (ODS, 263 KB)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db17c2c6b98ecdbc5006e/regional-and-local-authority-dataset-mar-2024.ods">Regional and local authority data on immigration groups, year ending March 2024 (ODS, 91.4 KB)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/65ddd9ebf1cab3001afc4795/regional-and-local-authority-dataset-dec-2023.ods">Regional and local authority data on immigration groups, year ending December 2023 (ODS, 91
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Debates about migration are often in the news. People quote numbers about how many people are entering and leaving different countries. Governments need to plan and manage public resources based on how their own populations are changing.
Informed discussions and effective policymaking rely on good migration data. But how much do we really know about migration, and where do estimates come from?
In this article, I look at how countries and international agencies define different forms of migration, how they estimate the number of people moving in and out of countries, and how accurate these estimates are.
Migrants without legal status make up a small portion of the overall immigrant population. Most high-income countries and some middle-income ones have a solid understanding of how many immigrants live there. Tracking the exact flows of people moving in and out is trickier, but governments can reliably monitor long-term trends to understand the bigger picture.
Who is considered an international migrant? In the United Nations statistics, an international migrant is defined as “a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for at least a year, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his or her new country of usual residence”.1
For example, an Argentinian person who spends nine months studying in the United States wouldn’t count as a long-term immigrant in the US. But an Argentinian person who moves to the US for two years would. Even if someone gains citizenship in their new country, they are still considered an immigrant in migration statistics.
The same applies in reverse for emigrants: someone leaving their home country for more than a year is considered a long-term emigrant for the country they’ve left. This does not change if they acquire citizenship in another country. Some national governments may have definitions that differ from the UN recommendations.
What about illegal migration? “Illegal migration” refers to the movement of people outside the legal rules for entering or leaving a country. There isn’t a single agreed-upon definition, but it generally involves people who breach immigration laws. Some refer to this as irregular or unauthorized migration.
There are three types of migrants who don’t have a legal immigration status. First, those who cross borders without the right legal permissions. Second, those who enter a country legally but stay after their visa or permission expires. Third, some migrants have legal permission to stay but work in violation of employment restrictions — for example, students who work more hours than their visa allows.
Tracking illegal migration is difficult. In regions with free movement, like the European Union, it’s particularly challenging. For example, someone could move from Germany to France, live there without registering, and go uncounted in official migration records.2 The rise of remote work has made it easier for people to live in different countries without registering as employees or taxpayers.
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TwitterA ‘small boat’ is one of a number of vessels used by individuals who cross the English Channel, with the aim of gaining entry to the UK without a visa or permission to enter – either directly by landing in the UK or having been intercepted at sea by the authorities and brought ashore. The most common small vessels detected making these types of crossings are rigid-hulled inflatable boats (RHIBs), dinghies and kayaks.
Migrants detected crossing the English Channel in small boats - monthly data
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Facebook
TwitterList of the data tables as part of the Immigration system statistics Home Office release. Summary and detailed data tables covering the immigration system, including out-of-country and in-country visas, asylum, detention, and returns.
If you have any feedback, please email MigrationStatsEnquiries@homeoffice.gov.uk.
The Microsoft Excel .xlsx files may not be suitable for users of assistive technology.
If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a version of these documents in a more accessible format, please email MigrationStatsEnquiries@homeoffice.gov.uk
Please tell us what format you need. It will help us if you say what assistive technology you use.
Immigration system statistics, year ending September 2025
Immigration system statistics quarterly release
Immigration system statistics user guide
Publishing detailed data tables in migration statistics
Policy and legislative changes affecting migration to the UK: timeline
Immigration statistics data archives
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691afc82e39a085bda43edd8/passenger-arrivals-summary-sep-2025-tables.ods">Passenger arrivals summary tables, year ending September 2025 (ODS, 31.5 KB)
‘Passengers refused entry at the border summary tables’ and ‘Passengers refused entry at the border detailed datasets’ have been discontinued. The latest published versions of these tables are from February 2025 and are available in the ‘Passenger refusals – release discontinued’ section. A similar data series, ‘Refused entry at port and subsequently departed’, is available within the Returns detailed and summary tables.
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b03595a253e2c40d705b9/electronic-travel-authorisation-datasets-sep-2025.xlsx">Electronic travel authorisation detailed datasets, year ending September 2025 (MS Excel Spreadsheet, 58.6 KB)
ETA_D01: Applications for electronic travel authorisations, by nationality
ETA_D02: Outcomes of applications for electronic travel authorisations, by nationality
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6924812a367485ea116a56bd/visas-summary-sep-2025-tables.ods">Entry clearance visas summary tables, year ending September 2025 (ODS, 53.3 KB)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691aebbf5a253e2c40d70598/entry-clearance-visa-outcomes-datasets-sep-2025.xlsx">Entry clearance visa applications and outcomes detailed datasets, year ending September 2025 (MS Excel Spreadsheet, 30.2 MB)
Vis_D01: Entry clearance visa applications, by nationality and visa type
Vis_D02: Outcomes of entry clearance visa applications, by nationality, visa type, and outcome
Additional data relating to in country and overse