Komisarchik, Mayya, Maya Sen, and Yamil Velez. "Replication Data for The Political Consequences of Ethnically Targeted Incarceration: Evidence from Japanese-American Internment During WWII," 2021

Manzanar is one of ten World War II camps associated with the US government's incarceration of over 120,000 Japanese Americans forcibly removed from the West Coast in the name of national security. The few structures that remain at the site serve as reminders of democracy's fragility in times of conflict. To further illuminate this history, CyArk worked with the National Park Service to create an accurate 3D digital reconstruction of the World War II camp. CyArk used laser scanning and photogrammetry to document the site's buildings and topographical features including the historic cemetery monument and excavated rock gardens. They processed the data in combination with historical records to digitally reconstruct what the camp would have looked like during World War II. The reconstruction provides a unique opportunity for people to connect with this difficult history and ensure that it is never forgotten. During World War II, a barbed wire fence and eight guard towers enclosed Manzanar's one-square-mile living space that at its peak confined just over 11,000 people. Many recall with fear how spotlights from the guard towers would shine in their barrack windows during the night. While the construction of the camp reflects how Japanese Americans were stripped of their basic rights and freedoms, the features on the landscape today also show how people created a diverse community and remained resilient in the face of hardship. A woman's statement recorded during World War II reveals the complexities people faced suddenly being incarcerated with thousands of strangers. "I often sit and wonder how I ever came to be in a camp full of Japanese, aliens and citizens alike, with nothing much in common between them and myself except the color of our skins. What had I, or...the rest of them done, to be thrown in camp?...I suppose the only answer is, the accident of my birth-my ancestry."The diversity of people confined at Manzanar can be seen in the landscape. Remnants of one of many baseball diamonds echo days where hundreds of people would gather to cheer on their favorite Manzanar team. While the landscape reveals pieces of its layered past, the site and its history remain an important lens for visitors in understanding the world today. External Project Link: https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/iwKyWCBva87GKQ Additional Info Link: https://cyark.org/projects/manzanar-war-relocation-center

Our objective was to learn more about possible factors contributing to the higher rates of tracheostomy with invasive ventilation (TIV) for ALS patients in Japan compared with the United States by eliciting attitudes of caregivers of ALS patients in both countries. One hundred and fifty-four American caregivers from five, geographically-distributed ALS clinics and 66 Japanese caregivers from six sites in Japan completed questionnaires regarding TIV. Results showed that 33% of American caregivers were in favor of TIV for their family member compared to 53% of Japanese caregivers; 44% of American and 37% of Japanese caregivers were undecided; and 22% of American and 10% of Japanese caregivers were opposed (p

This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is Flattop fighting in World War II : the battles between American and Japanese aircraft carriers. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

This dataset is about book subjects. It has 2 rows and is filtered where the books is Nikkei cuisine : Japanese food the South American way. It features 10 columns including number of authors, number of books, earliest publication date, and latest publication date.

The 2008 National Asian American Survey (NAAS) contains 5,159 completed telephone interviews of self-identified Asian/Asian American residents of the United States. Interviewing began on August 12, 2008, and ended on October 29, 2008. The survey instrument included questions about political behavior and attitudes as well as personal experiences in immigration to the United States. Topics include attitudes toward government, politics and political issues, extent of political involvement, party affiliation, sources of political information, voting behavior, health and financial status, racial and ethnic identification, linked fate and discrimination, and religious and ethnic social networks. The overall length of the interview was approximately 29 minutes. The NAAS includes adults in the United States who identify any family background from countries in Asia, exclusive of countries classified as the Middle East. Survey interviews were conducted in eight languages (English, Cantonese, Mandarin, Korean, Vietnamese, Tagalog, Japanese, and Hindi) -- chosen according to the interviewee's preference -- and yielded sample sizes of at least 500 adult Asian American residents in the six largest national-origin groups. The final breakdown was 1,350 Chinese, 1,150 Asian Indian, 719 Vietnamese, 614 Korean, 603 Filipino, and 541 Japanese origin respondents, with 182 additional respondents who are either from other countries in Asia, or who identify as multi-racial or multi-ethnic. Overall, 40 percent of the sample chose English as their preferred language for the interview. The sample is weighted, using a raking procedure, to reflect the balance of gender, nativity, citizenship status, and educational attainment of the six largest national-origin groups in the United States, as well as the proportion of these national-origin groups within each state. Demographic information includes age, race, language, gender, country of birth, religion, marital status, educational level, employment status, citizenship status, household income, and size of household.

Graph and download economic data for Japanese Yen to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate (AEXJPUS) from 1971 to 2024 about Japan, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties..Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Technical Documentation section.Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see ACS Technical Documentation). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..Total includes people who reported Asian only, regardless of whether they reported one or more detailed Asian groups.Other Asian, specified. Includes respondents who provide a response of another Asian group not shown separately, such as Iwo Jiman, Maldivian, or Singaporean.Other Asian, not specified. Includes respondents who checked the "Other Asian" response category on the ACS questionnaire and did not write in a specific group or wrote in a generic term such as "Asian," or "Asiatic." Two or more Asian. Includes respondents who provided multiple Asian responses such as Asian Indian and Japanese; or Vietnamese, Chinese and Hmong..The 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the September 2018 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) delineations of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. In certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB delineations due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..Explanation of Symbols:An "**" entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.An "-" entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution, or the margin of error associated with a median was larger than the median itself.An "-" following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.An "+" following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.An "***" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.An "*****" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. An "N" entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.An "(X)" means that the estimate is not applicable or not available.

This dataset tracks annual american indian student percentage from 2002 to 2023 for Sheridan Japanese School vs. Oregon and Sheridan SD 48j School District

Japan DI Index: Mfg Industry: OS: N America: Number of Employees data was reported at 6.300 % in Mar 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 6.300 % for Dec 2017. Japan DI Index: Mfg Industry: OS: N America: Number of Employees data is updated quarterly, averaging 5.550 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 86 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.600 % in Mar 1997 and a record low of -44.400 % in Dec 2008. Japan DI Index: Mfg Industry: OS: N America: Number of Employees data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.S060: Japanese Business Activities Survey: Overseas Sub: Diffusion Index.

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties..Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the .Technical Documentation.. section......Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the .Methodology.. section..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see .ACS Technical Documentation..). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..Total includes people who reported Asian only, regardless of whether they reported one or more detailed Asian groups......Other Asian, specified. Includes respondents who provide a response of another Asian group not shown separately, such as Iwo Jiman, Maldivian, or Singaporean......Other Asian, not specified. Includes respondents who checked the "Other Asian" response category on the ACS questionnaire and did not write in a specific group or wrote in a generic term such as "Asian," or "Asiatic."..... Two or more Asian. Includes respondents who provided multiple Asian responses such as Asian Indian and Japanese; or Vietnamese, Chinese and Hmong..While the 2014-2018 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the February 2013 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..Explanation of Symbols:..An "**" entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate..An "-" entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution, or the margin of error associated with a median was larger than the median itself..An "-" following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution..An "+" following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution..An "***" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate..An "*****" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. .An "N" entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small..An "(X)" means that the estimate is not applicable or not available....

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties..Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Technical Documentation section.Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015-2019 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see ACS Technical Documentation). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..Total includes people who reported Asian only, regardless of whether they reported one or more detailed Asian groups.Other Asian, specified. Includes respondents who provide a response of another Asian group not shown separately, such as Iwo Jiman, Maldivian, or Singaporean.Other Asian, not specified. Includes respondents who checked the "Other Asian" response category on the ACS questionnaire and did not write in a specific group or wrote in a generic term such as "Asian," or "Asiatic." Two or more Asian. Includes respondents who provided multiple Asian responses such as Asian Indian and Japanese; or Vietnamese, Chinese and Hmong..The 2015-2019 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the September 2018 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) delineations of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. In certain instances, the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB delineation lists due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..Explanation of Symbols:An "**" entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.An "-" entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution, or the margin of error associated with a median was larger than the median itself.An "-" following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.An "+" following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.An "***" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate.An "*****" entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. An "N" entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small.An "(X)" means that the estimate is not applicable or not available.

The surprise Japanese attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941, marked the beginning of the United States' involvement in the Second World War. As a result of the attack, a total of 2,403 Americans were killed, and the vast majority of these were from the U.S. Navy. Almost half of all American deaths on the day came were those on the U.S.S. Arizona, where 1,177 servicemen were killed as the ship was sunk. In contrast, just 129 Japanese soldiers were killed in the attack.

DI Index: Mfg Industry: OS: N America: Sales to Japan data was reported at 1.300 % in Mar 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5.600 % for Dec 2017. DI Index: Mfg Industry: OS: N America: Sales to Japan data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 86 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8.600 % in Mar 1997 and a record low of -26.400 % in Dec 2008. DI Index: Mfg Industry: OS: N America: Sales to Japan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.S060: Japanese Business Activities Survey: Overseas Sub: Diffusion Index.

This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is On the line at Subaru-Isuzu : the Japanese model and the American worker. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, the decennial census is the official source of population totals for April 1st of each decennial year. In between censuses, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities, and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties..Information about the American Community Survey (ACS) can be found on the ACS website. Supporting documentation including code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing, and a full list of ACS tables and table shells (without estimates) can be found on the Technical Documentation section of the ACS website.Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section..Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2018-2022 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see ACS Technical Documentation). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables..Total includes people who reported Asian only, regardless of whether they reported one or more detailed Asian groups.Other Asian, specified. Includes respondents who provided a response of another Asian group not shown separately, such as Malay or Tai Dam.Other Asian, not specified. Includes respondents who checked the "Other Asian" response category on the ACS questionnaire and did not write in a specific group or wrote in a generic term such as "Asian," or "Asiatic." Two or more Asian. Includes respondents who provided multiple Asian responses such as Asian Indian and Japanese; or Vietnamese, Chinese and Hmong..The 2018-2022 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the March 2020 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) delineations of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. In certain instances, the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB delineation lists due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities..Estimates of urban and rural populations, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on 2020 Census data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization..Explanation of Symbols:- The estimate could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations. For a ratio of medians estimate, one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution. For a 5-year median estimate, the margin of error associated with a median was larger than the median itself.N The estimate or margin of error cannot be displayed because there were an insufficient number of sample cases in the selected geographic area. (X) The estimate or margin of error is not applicable or not available.median- The median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "2,500-")median+ The median falls in the highest interval of an open-ended distribution (for example "250,000+").** The margin of error could not be computed because there were an insufficient number of sample observations.*** The margin of error could not be computed because the median falls in the lowest interval or highest interval of an open-ended distribution.***** A margin of error is not appropriate because the corresponding estimate is controlled to an independent population or housing estimate. Effectively, the corresponding estimate has no sampling error and the margin of error may be treated as zero.

Mfg Industry: Overseas Sub: N America: Sales to Japan data was reported at 155.943 JPY bn in Mar 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 170.311 JPY bn for Dec 2017. Mfg Industry: Overseas Sub: N America: Sales to Japan data is updated quarterly, averaging 101.679 JPY bn from Dec 1996 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 86 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 175.003 JPY bn in Sep 2015 and a record low of 60.852 JPY bn in Dec 1996. Mfg Industry: Overseas Sub: N America: Sales to Japan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.S059: Japanese Business Activities Survey: Overseas Sub: Major Indicators.

Partial Correlations Among SPMA and Other Biomarkers

Graph and download economic data for Japanese Yen to U.S. Dollar Spot Exchange Rate from 1971-01-04 to 2025-06-13 about Japan, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

BackgroundAddressing contemporary anti-Asian racism and its impacts on health requires understanding its historical roots, including discriminatory restrictions on immigration, citizenship, and land ownership. Archival secondary data such as historical census records provide opportunities to quantitatively analyze structural dynamics that affect the health of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans. Census data overcome weaknesses of other data sources, such as small sample size and aggregation of Asian subgroups. This article explores the strengths and limitations of early twentieth-century census data for understanding Asian Americans and structural racism.MethodsWe used California census data from three decennial census spanning 1920–1940 to compare two criteria for identifying Asian Americans: census racial categories and Asian surname lists (Chinese, Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Filipino) that have been validated in contemporary population data. This paper examines the sensitivity and specificity of surname classification compared to census-designated “color or race” at the population level.ResultsSurname criteria were found to be highly specific, with each of the five surname lists having a specificity of over 99% for all three census years. The Chinese surname list had the highest sensitivity (ranging from 0.60–0.67 across census years), followed by the Indian (0.54–0.61) and Japanese (0.51–0.62) surname lists. Sensitivity was much lower for Korean (0.40–0.45) and Filipino (0.10–0.21) surnames. With the exception of Indian surnames, the sensitivity values of surname criteria were lower for the 1920–1940 census data than those reported for the 1990 census. The extent of the difference in sensitivity and trends across census years vary by subgroup.DiscussionSurname criteria may have lower sensitivity in detecting Asian subgroups in historical data as opposed to contemporary data as enumeration procedures for Asians have changed across time. We examine how the conflation of race, ethnicity, and nationality in the census could contribute to low sensitivity of surname classification compared to census-designated “color or race.” These results can guide decisions when operationalizing race in the context of specific research questions, thus promoting historical quantitative study of Asian American experiences. Furthermore, these results stress the need to situate measures of race and racism in their specific historical context.