In 1800, the population of Japan was just over 30 million, a figure which would grow by just two million in the first half of the 19th century. However, with the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of the emperor in the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Japan would begin transforming from an isolated feudal island, to a modernized empire built on Western models. The Meiji period would see a rapid rise in the population of Japan, as industrialization and advancements in healthcare lead to a significant reduction in child mortality rates, while the creation overseas colonies would lead to a strong economic boom. However, this growth would slow beginning in 1937, as Japan entered a prolonged war with the Republic of China, which later grew into a major theater of the Second World War. The war was eventually brought to Japan's home front, with the escalation of Allied air raids on Japanese urban centers from 1944 onwards (Tokyo was the most-bombed city of the Second World War). By the war's end in 1945 and the subsequent occupation of the island by the Allied military, Japan had suffered over two and a half million military fatalities, and over one million civilian deaths.

The population figures of Japan were quick to recover, as the post-war “economic miracle” would see an unprecedented expansion of the Japanese economy, and would lead to the country becoming one of the first fully industrialized nations in East Asia. As living standards rose, the population of Japan would increase from 77 million in 1945, to over 127 million by the end of the century. However, growth would begin to slow in the late 1980s, as birth rates and migration rates fell, and Japan eventually grew to have one of the oldest populations in the world. The population would peak in 2008 at just over 128 million, but has consistently fallen each year since then, as the fertility rate of the country remains below replacement level (despite government initiatives to counter this) and the country's immigrant population remains relatively stable. The population of Japan is expected to continue its decline in the coming years, and in 2020, it is estimated that approximately 126 million people inhabit the island country.

The benchmark interest rate in Japan was last recorded at 0.50 percent. This dataset provides - Japan Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Japanese Kids Speech database (Lower Grade) contains the total recordings of 179 Japanese Kids speakers (71 males and 108 females), from 6 to 9 years' old (first, second and third graders in elementary school), recorded in quiet rooms using smartphones. This database may be combined with the Japanese Kids Speech database (Upper Grade) also available in the ELRA Catalogue under reference ELRA-S0412.Number of speakers, utterances, duration and age are as follows :Number of speakers 179 (71 male/108 female)Number of utterances (average):325 utterances per speakerTotal number of utterances: 58,214Age: from 6 to 9 years' oldTotal hours of data: 116.61019 sentences were used. Recordings were made through smartphones and audio data stored in .wav files as sequences of 16KHz Mono, 16 bits, Linear PCM.Database:・Audio data: WAV format, 16KHz, 16bit, mono (recorded with smartphone)・Recording scripts: TSV format(tab-delimited), UTF-8 (without BOM)・Transcription data: TSV format(tab-delimited), UTF-8 (without BOM)・Size: 12.9GBNumber of speakers per age:6 years' old: 35 (17 male, 18 female)7 years' old: 58 (26 male, 32 female)8 years' old: 67 (22 male, 45 female)9 years' old: 19 (6 male, 13 female)Structure of database:├─ readme.txt├─ Japanese Kids Speech Database.pdfDescription document of the database├─ Transcription.tsvTranscription├─ scripts.tsvScript│└─ voices/directory of audio data └─ low/directory of lower grade └─(speaker_ID/)directory of speaker ID (six digits) └─(audio_file)audio file (WAV format, 16KHz, 16bit, mono)File naming conventions of audio files are as follows:Field number | Contents | Description | Remarks0 | Language ID | “JA” (fixed) | Japanese1 | Speaker ID | Six digit | 4XXXXX2 | Script ID | LXXXX | XXXX: four digits3 | Age | Two digits4 | Gender | M: male, F: femaleFiled separation character is “_”.For example, if the audio file name is “JA_400001_L0001_07_F.wav, this file has the following meaning:JA: Language ID (Japanese)400001: speaker IDL0001: script ID07: age (seven years old)F: gender (female)

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Japan was worth 4204.49 billion US dollars in 2023, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Japan represents 3.99 percent of the world economy. This dataset provides - Japan GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The image of Europe in Japan. Topics: degree of familiarity of ASEAN, EC and UN; characterization of the European Community as political, economic union or business union; comparison of size of population of the EC with the USA; comparison of standard of living of the EC citizens with that of the Japanese; comparison of the Japanese trade volume with the EC and the United States; knowledge about EC member countries; knowledge about the project ´Europe 92´; expected effects of this project on the relations between Japan and Western Europe; welcoming a closer cooperation between the EC and Japan in the areas culture, technical research, energy, political cooperation, environment and trade; preferred media (television news, seminars, publications etc.) about Europe; most important topics for increased information about occurrences in the EC; most important sources of information about the European Community; judgement on the United States, the European Community and the ASEAN members as fair trading partners. Das Bild Europas in Japan. Themen: Bekanntheitsgrad von ASEAN, EG und UN; Charakterisierung der Europäischen Gemeinschaft als politische, ökonomische Vereinigung oder Handelsunion; Vergleich der Größe der Population der EG mit den USA; Vergleich des Lebensstandards der EG-Bürger mit dem der Japaner; Vergleich des japanischen Handelsvolumens mit der EG und den Vereinigten Staaten; Kenntnis der EG-Mitgliedsländer; Kenntnis des Projekts ´Europa 92´; erwartete Auswirkungen dieses Projekts auf die Beziehungen zwischen Japan und Westeuropa; Begrüßung einer engeren Kooperation zwischen der EG und Japan in den Bereichen Kultur, technische Forschung, Energie, politische Kooperation, Umwelt und Handel; präferierte Medien (Fernsehnachrichten, Seminare, Veröffentlichungen usw.) über Europa; wichtigste Themen für eine vermehrte Information über Vorgänge in der EG; wichtigste Informationsquellen über die Europäische Gemeinschaft; Beurteilung der Vereinigten Staaten, der Europäischen Gemeinschaft und der ASEAN-Mitglieder als faire Handelspartner. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Schulbildung; Berufstätigkeit; Haushaltseinkommen; Ortsgröße.

During the Second World War, the three Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Finland mobilized the largest share of their male population. For the Allies, the Soviet Union mobilized the largest share of men, as well as the largest total army of any country, but it was restricted in its ability to mobilize more due to the impact this would have on its economy. Other notable statistics come from the British Empire, where a larger share of men were drafted from Dominions than from the metropole, and there is also a discrepancy between the share of the black and white populations from South Africa.

However, it should be noted that there were many external factors from the war that influenced these figures. For example, gender ratios among the adult populations of many European countries was already skewed due to previous conflicts of the 20th century (namely WWI and the Russian Revolution), whereas the share of the male population eligible to fight in many Asian and African countries was lower than more demographically developed societies, as high child mortality rates meant that the average age of the population was much lower.

Disclaimer: This dataset is distributed by Daniel Gayo-Avello, an associate professor at the Department of Computer Science in the University of Oviedo, for the sole purpose of non-commercial research and it just includes tweet ids.

The dataset contains tweet IDs for all the published tweets (in any language) bettween March 21, 2006 and July 31, 2009 thus comprising the first whole three years of Twitter from its creation, that is, about 1.5 billion tweets (see file Twitter-historical-20060321-20090731.zip).

It covers several defining issues in Twitter, such as the invention of hashtags, retweets and trending topics, and it includes tweets related to the 2008 US Presidential Elections, the first Obama’s inauguration speech or the 2009 Iran Election protests (one of the so-called Twitter Revolutions).

Finally, it does contain tweets in many major languages (mainly English, Portuguese, Japanese, Spanish, German and French) so it should be possible–at least in theory–to analyze international events from different cultural perspectives.

The dataset was completed in November 2016 and, therefore, the tweet IDs it contains were publicly available at that moment. This means that there could be tweets public during that period that do not appear in the dataset and also that a substantial part of tweets in the dataset has been deleted (or locked) since 2016.

To make easier to understand the decay of tweet IDs in the dataset a number of representative samples (99% confidence level and 0.5 confidence interval) are provided.

In general terms, 85.5% ±0.5 of the historical tweets are available as of May 19, 2020 (see file Twitter-historical-20060321-20090731-sample.txt). However, since the amount of tweets vary greatly throughout the period of three years covered in the dataset, additional representative samples are provided for 90-day intervals (see the file 90-day-samples.zip).

In that regard, the ratio of publicly available tweets (as of May 19, 2020) is as follows:

• March 21, 2006 to June 18, 2006: 88.4% ±0.5 (from 5,512 tweets).
• June 18, 2006 to September 16, 2006: 82.7% ±0.5 (from 14,820 tweets).
• September 16, 2006 to December 15, 2006: 85.7% ±0.5 (from 107,975 tweets).
• December 15, 2006 to March 15, 2007: 88.2% ±0.5 (from 852,463 tweets).
• March 15, 2007 to June 13, 2007: 89.6% ±0.5 (from 6,341,665 tweets).
• June 13, 2007 to September 11, 2007: 88.6% ±0.5 (from 11,171,090 tweets).
• September 11, 2007 to December 10, 2007: 87.9% ±0.5 (from 15,545,532 tweets).
• December 10, 2007 to March 9, 2008: 89.0% ±0.5 (from 23,164,663 tweets).
• March 9, 2008 to June 7, 2008: 66.5% ±0.5 (from 56,416,772 tweets; see below for more details on this).
• June 7, 2008 to September 5, 2008: 78.3% ±0.5 (from 62,868,189 tweets; see below for more details on this).
• September 5, 2008 to December 4, 2008: 87.3% ±0.5 (from 89,947,498 tweets).
• December 4, 2008 to March 4, 2009: 86.9% ±0.5 (from 169,762,425 tweets).
• March 4, 2009 to June 2, 2009: 86.4% ±0.5 (from 474,581,170 tweets).
• June 2, 2009 to July 31, 2009: 85.7% ±0.5 (from 589,116,341 tweets).

The apparent drop in available tweets from March 9, 2008 to September 5, 2008 has an easy, although embarrassing, explanation.

At the moment of cleaning all the data to publish this dataset there seemed to be a gap between April 1, 2008 to July 7, 2008 (actually, the data was not missing but in a different backup). Since tweet IDs are easy to regenerate for that Twitter era (source code is provided in generate-ids.m) I simply produced all those that were created between those two dates. All those tweets actually existed but a number of them were obviously private and not crawlable. For those regenerated IDs the actual ratio of public tweets (as of May 19, 2020) is 62.3% ±0.5.

In other words, what you see in that period (April to July, 2008) is not actually a huge number of tweets having been deleted but the combination of deleted *and* non-public tweets (whose IDs should not be in the dataset for performance purposes when rehydrating the dataset).

Additionally, given that not everybody will need the whole period of time the earliest tweet ID for each date is provided in the file date-tweet-id.tsv.

For additional details regarding this dataset please see: Gayo-Avello, Daniel. "How I Stopped Worrying about the Twitter Archive at the Library of Congress and Learned to Build a Little One for Myself." arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.08144 (2016).

If you use this dataset in any way please cite that preprint (in addition to the dataset itself).

If you need to contact me you can find me as @PFCdgayo in Twitter.

Long term historical dataset of the daily U.S. Dollar - Japanese Yen (USDJPY) exchange rate back to 1971.

The USDJPY decreased 0.3450 or 0.23% to 150.2290 on Thursday March 27 from 150.5740 in the previous trading session. Japanese Yen - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on March of 2025.

Environmental contamination can negatively impact fish populations. In addition to acute toxicity leading to death, toxicants can reduce fish growth and lower reproduction. The potential for adverse population level effects of environmental contaminants are estimated from laboratory toxicity tests that most often measure apical endpoints related to growth, survival, and reproduction. The relationships between these endpoints are being evaluated to better predict shifts in fish population demography after exposure to environmental toxicants. Environmental contaminants can also affect fish populations indirectly by reducing prey biomass. However, estimating the combined effects of prey reduction and direct toxicity is difficult and rarely attempted. Here we describe a toxicity test designed to estimate the effect on Japanese medaka of both reduced food and chronic exposure to diazinon, an acetylcholinesterase inhibiting organophosphate pesticide. Fish were reared with limited food ration and/or diazinon exposure through a full life-cycle to assess possible interactions between the two stressors in their effects on growth and reproduction. Diazinon exposure, reduced ration, or combinations of both lowered growth rates and reproductive output of Japanese medaka. Various relationships between the two stressors (diazinon and ration) and growth and reproduction were modeled. These results inform fish models being developed by EPA to predict population consequences of chemical exposures. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Flynn, K., J. Swintek, F. Whiteman, and M. Etterson. The effects of combinations of limited ration and diazinon exposure on acetylcholinesterase activity, growth, and reproduction in Oryzias latipes, the Japanese medaka. JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Indianapolis, IN, USA, 40(4): 535-547, (2020).

With the proliferation of tobacco products, there might be a need for more complex models than current two-product models. We have developed a three-product model able to represent interactions between three products in the marketplace. We also investigate if using several implementations of two-product models could provide sufficient information to assess 3 coexisting products. Italy is used as case-study with THPs and e-cigarettes as the products under investigation. We use transitions rates estimated for THPs in Japan and e-cigarettes in the USA to project what could happen if the Italian population were to behave as the Japanese for THP or USA for e-cigarettes. Results suggest that three-product models may be hindered by data availability while two product models could miss potential synergies between products. Both, THP and E-Cigarette scenarios, led to reduction in life-years lost although the Japanese THP scenario reductions were 3 times larger than the USA e-cigarette projections.

As of February 2025, India was the country with the largest YouTube audience by far, with approximately 491 million users engaging with the popular social video platform. The United States followed, with around 253 million YouTube viewers. Brazil came in third, with 144 million users watching content on YouTube. The United Kingdom saw around 54.8 million internet users engaging with the platform in the examined period. What country has the highest percentage of YouTube users? In July 2024, the United Arab Emirates was the country with the highest YouTube penetration worldwide, as around 94 percent of the country's digital population engaged with the service. In 2024, YouTube counted around 100 million paid subscribers for its YouTube Music and YouTube Premium services. YouTube mobile markets In 2024, YouTube was among the most popular social media platforms worldwide. In terms of revenues, the YouTube app generated approximately 28 million U.S. dollars in revenues in the United States in January 2024, as well as 19 million U.S. dollars in Japan.

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Wagyu Beef Market Size 2025-2029

The wagyu beef market size is forecast to increase by USD 4.12 billion at a CAGR of 7.1% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key factors. Production and trade of this premium beef type are increasing, driven by the unique farming techniques and high-quality marbling that sets Wagyu apart. Consumers are increasingly seeking out clean-labeled beef options, and Wagyu's reputation for superior taste and health benefits aligns perfectly with this trend. The antioxidant-rich meat is gaining popularity in the health and wellness sector, further boosting demand. E-commerce platforms are making it easier for consumers to access Wagyu beef, even in remote locations. LED food service displays are also driving sales by showcasing the meat's vibrant colors and marbling. These trends are expected to continue, with the market poised for steady growth in the coming years.

What will be the Size of the Wagyu Beef Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses the production and distribution of this prized Japanese cattle breed, known for its intramuscular fat, tenderness, and unique flavors. Wagyu beef, including Fullblood, Purebred, and Crossbred varieties, is sought after by the foodservice industry, luxury hospitality sector, and B2B clients. Market dynamics are driven by factors such as premiumization, expert analysis, and consumer preferences for high-quality, consistent products. Marbling, tenderness, and gourmet dining experiences are key attributes that distinguish Wagyu beef from other offerings. The market's size and direction are influenced by the genetic predisposition of Wagyu cattle for producing high levels of intramuscular fat, which contains Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), a desirable nutrient for health-conscious individuals.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) concerns have historically impacted the market, but stringent regulations and advancements in genetic enhancement technologies have mitigated these risks. Wagyu beef is available through various channels, including upscale restaurants, e-commerce websites, and specialty markets. Japanese Black, Japanese Brown, Japanese Polled, and Japanese Shorthorn are some of the breeds that contribute to the Wagyu market's diversity. The market's growth is fueled by the increasing popularity of Wagyu beef as a luxury and gourmet food item, catering to the demands of discerning consumers and culinary experiences worldwide.

How is this Wagyu Beef Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Distribution Channel

  Offline
  Online


Product

  Japanese breed
  Australian breed
  Others


Grade Type

  A5 grade
  A4 grade
  A3 grade
  A2 grade
  A1 grade


Application

  Food service industry
  Household
  Processed products


Price

  Premium
  Mid-range
  Economy


Type

  Fullblood
  Purebred
  Crossbred


Geography

  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

By Distribution Channel Insights

The offline segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. Wagyu beef, a premium and highly sought-after meat, is primarily sourced from Japanese cattle breeds such as Fullblood Wagyu, Purebred Wagyu, and Crossbred Wagyu. Morgan Brook Farm is a notable producer known for its high-quality Wagyu beef. The foodservice sector, including upscale restaurants and gourmet dining experiences, is a significant market due to its marbling, tenderness, and health benefits, including intramuscular fat and conjugated linoleic acid. The Luxury Hospitality Sector and B2B clients also prioritize Wagyu beef for their offerings due to its premiumization and exclusivity. E-commerce websites have expanded the accessibility of Wagyu beef to health-conscious individuals and those with dietary goals.
Strict production standards ensure the consistent quality and excellence of Wagyu beef, making it a profitable investment for producers. The limited supply, coupled with increasing disposable incomes and changing dietary preferences, drives the demand for high-quality, premium beef products. Companies specializing in breeding, farming, processing, packaging, marketing, and retailing have gained a reputation for excellence and profitability.

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The Offline segment was valued at USD 7.28 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

A

A global phenomenon, known as the demographic transition, has seen life expectancy from birth increase rapidly over the past two centuries. In pre-industrial societies, the average life expectancy was around 24 years, and it is believed that this was the case throughout most of history, and in all regions. The demographic transition then began in the industrial societies of Europe, North America, and the West Pacific around the turn of the 19th century, and life expectancy rose accordingly. Latin America was the next region to follow, before Africa and most Asian populations saw their life expectancy rise throughout the 20th century.