Germany DE: Net Migration data was reported at 36,954.000 Person in 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 609,553.000 Person for 2023. Germany DE: Net Migration data is updated yearly, averaging 212,822.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2024, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,175,283.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of -754,469.000 Person in 1998. Germany DE: Net Migration data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.World Bank.WDI: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens.;United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision.;Sum;

The “Refugees in Germany” survey is part of a research project commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs (BMAS) under the title of “Accompanying evaluation of labor market programs to integrate refugees”. Aim and Conceptualisation The aim of the research project was to analyze how effective and efficient the central labor market programs in the legal areas of SGB II and SGB III are with regard to the labor market integration and social participation of refugees who arrived in Germany since 2015. A central component of this project was a survey of refugees (“Refugees in Germany”), which is conceptually related to the (IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees), that has been running since 2016. In contrast to the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, however, it is not a household survey, but an individual survey that is not representative of the refugee population in Germany. It is based on a gross sample of refugees who arrived in Germany in 2015 or later, and had started or could have started one of five different types of labor market integration programs between August 1, 2017 and September 11, 2018. The focus is on the following five programs: activation measures (employer-based or with training company), occupational choice and apprenticeship measures (pre-entry support and qualifications or accompanying training support), measures for further vocational training, employment subsidies, and job creation schemes. The gross sample of program participants and non-participants, on which the survey is based, was obtained from administrative data held by the German Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit). The sample included in the survey basically consists of two main groups: a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group (participants) is divided into five sub-populations to represent participants in the five program types to be evaluated. The control group includes people who, at least in principle, have a sufficient probability of participating in the program, but who actually did not participate at the time the address was selected. The group of these non-participants is divided into two subpopulations and contains either people who are assigned to exactly one of the program types or who are eligible for two of the program types. Contents The main survey topics comprise the background of the interviewed refugees (way to Germany, education and work experience abroad); length of stay in Germany; labor market and educational experiences in Germany (employment, vocational training, internships, attending general schools and studying); help for integration (language courses, vocational orientation, competence assessment and activation, support related to vocational training, aids accompanying the internship); economic situation (finances, housing); and social participation (current language skills, social contacts, normal everyday life, health and well-being, labor market orientation and labor market knowledge, identification with Germany, personality traits and culture).

Germany Immigration: Asia data was reported at 376,968.000 Person in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 331,110.000 Person for 2022. Germany Immigration: Asia data is updated yearly, averaging 99,635.000 Person from Dec 1964 (Median) to 2023, with 60 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 687,848.000 Person in 2015 and a record low of 12,779.000 Person in 1968. Germany Immigration: Asia data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistisches Bundesamt. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Germany – Table DE.G005: Migration.

(also referred to as external migration balance per 1000 German inhabitants)

Difference between German non-urban residents (main residence) of the corresponding category and those who moved away (main residence) of the corresponding category per 1 000 German main residents (middle German main residence population in the calendar year) of the corresponding category.

Only extra-urban (beyond the city limits of Munich) immigrants and emigrants are taken into account.

Please refer to Data descriptions (PDF file).

Information on the indicator atlas

Data collected on all German migrants that migrated to the Dutch city Utrecht between 1850-1900. Data have been collected from the population registers. Additional information has been added from other sources.

These data files contain data on 2188 German migrants who lived in Utrecht between 1850-1900, their relatives, and the people they shared a house with.

The file 'bevolking' is the main file, the files 'namen' and 'kids' are the related files.

This is the data set that has been used to write: Marlou Schrover, Een kolonie van Duitsers. Groepsvorming onder Duitse immigranten in Utrecht in de negentiende eeuw (Amsterdam 2002). This book has been added to the dataset on August 24th, 2016.

The files were converted from fp7 to fmp12, and uploaded to this dataset on August 24th, 2016. Both the fp7 and the fmp12 files are available to registered users.

Data preferences both wavesComplete data at the choice task level for both waves 2015 and 2016datapreferencesbothwaves.xlsxCode_for_Latent_Gold

Questions on the situation of refugees in Germany.

Topics: concern that so many refugees are coming to Germany; short-term and long-term forecast of the advantages or disadvantages for Germany as a result of the refugees: the federal government has tended to move forward or rather not made progress in coping with the refugee situation; the federal government makes more or less progress in the integration of refugees.

Demography: sex; age; education; employment status; household size; number of persons aged 14 and over in the household; party preference; eligible to vote; household income; survey by mobile or landline phone.

Additionally coded was: ID; weighting factor; date of interview; city size (BIK regions); federal state; survey area west / east.

Questions about the situation of refugees in Germany.

Topics: concern that so many refugees are coming to Germany; short-term and long-term forecast of the advantages or disadvantages for Germany as a result of the refugees: the federal government has tended to move forward or rather not made progress in coping with the refugee situation; the federal government makes more or less progress in the integration of refugees.

Demography: sex; age; highest educational degree; employment status; household size; number of persons in the household under 14 years; party preference; eligible to vote; household income; survey by mobile phone or landline phone.

Additionally coded was: ID; week / wave; weighting factor; date of interview; size of location (BIK regions); federal state; survey area west / east.

Background: Human trafficking occurs all over the world and its true extent is still unknown. What we know is that the actual number of trafficked persons is significantly higher than the number of registered cases in Europe or anywhere else. Human trafficking is particularly likely among refugees, as they easily fall for false promises due to language barriers, lack of knowledge on the local culture and difficult living conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create a screening tool to identify survivors of human trafficking among refugees in a German state registration and reception centre. Method: In a joint project with the Ministry of Justice of Baden-Württemberg and the Regional Administrative Authority of Karlsruhe (“Regierungspräsidium”), we asked new arrivals at the initial reception centre in Heidelberg on a weekly basis from December 2021 to June 2022 about their experiences with human trafficking. We used a combination of the eight questions of the Adult Human Trafficking Screening Tool and one screening question borrowed from a publication by Mumma et al. to address all forms of exploitation. If trafficking indeed was the case, was validated by face-to-face contacts with forced migrants screened positive. Results: Overall, 13 of the 176 asylum seekers had experienced trafficking, which corresponded to a prevalence of 7.3%. The dichotomous questionnaire had a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 84.0% at a newly selected cut-off of six positive responses. In an exploratory descriptive analysis on subregions, refugees from West Africa had a substantially higher prevalence (33.3%) for trafficking in human beings within our sample and in this subgroup, mainly female refugees were affected by trafficking. In comparison, there were hardly any gender differences in the represented parts of the rest of the world in our study. Conclusion: The modified form of the AHTST distinguishes reliably those who had experienced human trafficking from other refugees. The high prevalence of trafficking in most regions, regardless of gender, suggests that more effort is needed to identify and protect trafficked persons.

In this study we researched the association between human trafficking and mental disorders. In a large observational study with 1108 asylum seekers in a german refugee reception center we found human trafficking to be strongly associated with several mental disorders: depression, anxiety disorders and PTSD. This dataverse contains our collected data as well as the R code used for analysis. We also provide the RMarkdown files with our results. To prevent any kind of tracing, we had to omit country of origin, language and religion in the raw data set. This was done to ensure the safety of this vulnerable group of participants.

Objective of population statistics is the provision of evaluations of those registered under reporting law Residents at the place of the main apartment. Re the registered residents at the place of the main residence count all persons registered in Würzburg with their main residence. People who live in Wuerzburg residences shall be held only once, at the place of the principal residence; proven. As ‘Germans with "Immigrant background" includes naturalised Germans born abroad, as well as emigrants. Children under 18 years of age, of which at least: If a parent has a migrant background, they are also among the Residents with a migrant background (family migrant background). To the Determination of the personal migrant background shall be based on the variables ‘First nationality, ‘second nationality’, ‘origin of origin’, ‘type of German nationality’ and ‘situation of the birth cake’ with the help of the Program MigraPro evaluated. Editor's reference: https://statistics.wuerzburg.de

A wide-ranging representative longitudinal study of private households that permits researchers to track yearly changes in the health and economic well-being of older people relative to younger people in Germany from 1984 to the present. Every year, there were nearly 11,000 households, and more than 20,000 persons sampled by the fieldwork organization TNS Infratest Sozialforschung. The data provide information on all household members, consisting of Germans living in the Old and New German States, Foreigners, and recent Immigrants to Germany. The Panel was started in 1984. Some of the many topics include household composition, occupational biographies, employment, earnings, health and satisfaction indicators. In addition to standard demographic information, the GSOEP questionnaire also contains objective measuresuse of time, use of earnings, income, benefit payments, health, etc. and subjective measures - level of satisfaction with various aspects of life, hopes and fears, political involvement, etc. of the German population. The first wave, collected in 1984 in the western states of Germany, contains 5,921 households in two randomly sampled sub-groups: 1) German Sub-Sample: people in private households where the head of household was not of Turkish, Greek, Yugoslavian, Spanish, or Italian nationality; 2) Foreign Sub-Sample: people in private households where the head of household was of Turkish, Greek, Yugoslavian, Spanish, or Italian nationality. In each year since 1984, the GSOEP has attempted to re-interview original sample members unless they leave the country. A major expansion of the GSOEP was necessitated by German reunification. In June 1990, the GSOEP fielded a first wave of the eastern states of Germany. This sub-sample includes individuals in private households where the head of household was a citizen of the German Democratic Republic. The first wave contains 2,179 households. In 1994 and 1995, the GSOEP added a sample of immigrants to the western states of Germany from 522 households who arrived after 1984, which in 2006 included 360 households and 684 respondents. In 1998 a new refreshment sample of 1,067 households was selected from the population of private households. In 2000 a sample was drawn using essentially similar selection rules as the original German sub-sample and the 1998 refreshment sample with some modifications. The 2000 sample includes 6,052 households covering 10,890 individuals. Finally, in 2002, an overrepresentation of high-income households was added with 2,671 respondents from 1,224 households, of which 1,801 individuals (689 households) were still included in the year 2006. Data Availability: The data are available to researchers in Germany and abroad in SPSS, SAS, TDA, STATA, and ASCII format for immediate use. Extensive documentation in English and German is available online. The SOEP data are available in German and English, alone or in combination with data from other international panel surveys (e.g., the Cross-National Equivalent Files which contain panel data from Canada, Germany, and the United States). The public use file of the SOEP with anonymous microdata is provided free of charge (plus shipping costs) to universities and research centers. The individual SOEP datasets cannot be downloaded from the DIW Web site due to data protection regulations. Use of the data is subject to special regulations, and data privacy laws necessitate the signing of a data transfer contract with the DIW. The English Language Public Use Version of the GSOEP is distributed and administered by the Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University. The data are available on CD-ROM from Cornell for a fee. Full instructions for accessing GSOEP data may be accessed on the project website, http://www.human.cornell.edu/che/PAM/Research/Centers-Programs/German-Panel/cnef.cfm * Dates of Study: 1984-present * Study Features: Longitudinal, International * Sample Size: ** 1984: 12,290 (GSOEP West) ** 1990: 4,453 (GSOEP East) ** 2000: 20,000+ Links: * Cornell Project Website: http://www.human.cornell.edu/che/PAM/Research/Centers-Programs/German-Panel/cnef.cfm * GSOEP ICPSR: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/studies/00131

DE: Dieser Datensatz besteht aus den Transkripten von vier Fokusgruppeninterviews der Migrantenwahlstudie. Ziel des Projektes war es, für die Bundestagswahl 2017 die erste deutsche Wahlstudie unter deutschen Staatsbürger/innen mit Migrationshintergrund durchzuführen, d.h. unter solchen Personen, die entweder selbst nach Deutschland immigriert sind oder die mindestens einen Elternteil mit eigener Migrationserfahrung haben. Die Migrantenwahlstudie umfasst eine qualitative und eine quantitative Phase. Ziel der ersten qualitativen Phase (Oktober 2016 bis Juli 2017) war der explorative Zugang zur Themen- und Kandidatenorientierung von Migrant/innen, um die Ergebnisse für eine Publikation sowie die Fragebogenentwicklung der quantitativen Phase zu nutzen: Welche Themenfelder werden als wichtig erachtet? Welche Vorstellung von Links-Rechts gibt es? Welche Kandidateneigenschaften sind besonders relevant? Wie stark ist die Bindung an das Herkunftsland? Als Methode haben wir dabei auf Gruppendiskussionen mit Russlanddeutschen zurückgegriffen, die in Duisburg und Köln durchgeführt wurden. Dabei haben wir mit etwa 5-6 Teilnehmer/innen jeweils knapp zwei Stunden lang diskutiert. Die Forschungsdaten der quantitativen Phase wurden beim Forschungsdatenzentrum GESIS archiviert. EN: This dataset is composed of the transcripts of four focus group interviews for the Immigrant German Election Study. The project aims to conduct the first Immigrant German Election Study for the federal election in 2017, targeting German citizens with an immigrant background, i.e. people who either migrated to Germany themselves (first generation) or have at least one parent who was born in another country (second generation). The Immigrant German Election Study encompasses a qualitative and a quantitative phase. The first qualitative stage of the project (October 2016 until July 2017) explored the issue and candidate orientations of migrants. The results were used for a publication as well as for the development of the questionnaire for the quantitative stage. The core questions are: Which political issues are classified as important to all Germans/all migrants from the same group? What political issues do Germans of immigrant origin perceive as "left" and "right"? What are the identity contents that Germans of migrant origin associate with being German? We used focus group interviews as the research method in the Duisburg/Cologne area that consisted of 5-6 participants each and lasted for about 90 minutes.The research data originating from the quantitative phase have been archived at GESIS Data Archive.

This study aims to contribute to knowledge about the peace-building agency of civilian actors in marginalized social-housing neighborhoods, who deal with the consequences of terrorist violence in European cities. The bulk of peace and conflict studies literature has provided insight in the dynamics of violence rather than peace. The innovative character of this study therefore is that it interprets existing and new data on dealing with violence with a novel approach, that of geographies of peace. This innovative approach breaks with the tendency of peace and conflict studies to focus on the Global South, state processes and armed conflict and makes it very relevant for studying initiatives in European cities that deal with the aftermaths of paroxysmal violence. The study draws on data collected in three different cities: Grenoble, Freiburg and Brcko. This dataset concerns the data that has been collected in the region of Freiburg (DE).

The title of the sub-project was "Everyday Peace2 and sought to answer how peace is understood, experienced, and lived by migrant women at different stages of an asylum procedure in Germany.

The data is collected by Leonie Bozenhardt and Felicitas Winker under the supervision of Claske Dijkema, in the context of a Research Lab in the MA program Changing Societies at the University of Basel (2021-2022).

“Everyday Peace” is a participatory research project conducted by students from the University of Basel. It is a part of the Horizon 2020 funded URPEACE project that is interested in urban peace-making and the peace-building agency of stigmatized civilian actors in European cities dealing with the consequences of violence.

The everyday peace sub-project invited migrant women at different stages of an asylum procedure in Germany to a conversation throughout a workshop series. The aim is gain knowledge about how peace is understood, experienced, and manifested in migrants` everyday lives in Germany. The research is dedicated to finding out more about how peace is perceived and experienced in the country of arrival, instead of looking at the countries of origin. On the one hand this approach offers a personal insight of the women into very individual ideas about and experiences of peace in contrast to only looking at peace as the absence of war; and on the other hand, it helps to identify overlapping experiences and concepts. We conducted two focus groups, working with migrant women from the area around a city in Southern Germany. Focus group discussions give the opportunity to concentrate on the exchange among the participants. The aim of this project is to improve knowledge about different understandings of peace and the challenges to peace in migrants´ lives in Germany.

The research project “Everyday Peace – How is peace understood, experienced and manifested in migrants’ everyday lives in Germany” was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022 by two students from the University of Basel. Within that period two focus groups were formed and brought together for a total of four workshops; each group participated in two workshops within a week’s time and expressed themselves about how peace is understood, experienced, and manifested in their everyday lives. The workshops took place in Freiburg im Breisgau and each meeting lasted around two to three hours and was audio recorded. To understand how people feel and think about the subject, each workshop day was based on a participatory research method. The first workshop day included certain aspects of the game “Dixit” as a photo elicitation and during the second workshop day the participants created a “Relief Map”. While methods will be described later in depth, it can be already mentioned that the students not only took on the role as researcher but also as a participant themselves and moderator. Furthermore, outside of the workshops one is still being the social worker of two participants of Group A.

Both student researchers have a professional background in social work in contexts of migration and they could draw on already existing and trust-based relationships. The snowball method was used to find additional participants. The used method is described in detail in the document “Research Lab Report Winker and Bozenhardt”. This method led to the formation of two groups of women, one from central and west-Africa and the other from Afghanistan. Their legal perspectives to stay in Germany differed greatly. A list of participants, with their pseudonym, country of origin, age, political status etc. is among the uploaded documents. They have all signed a statement that the discussions could be recorded and could be made public under the condition that the results were pseudonymized. In the transcripts all names have been pseudonymized. The pseudonyms have been chosen by the participants themselves.

This database contains the transcripts of the focus groups that took place on:

29 January 2022 (Workshop 1, Group A) 05 February 2022 (Workshop 2, Group A) 07 Mach 2022 (Workshop 1, Group B) 08 March 2022 (Workshop 2, Group B)

Analysis of ‘Employment rates by gender and migration status’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from http://data.europa.eu/88u/dataset/0bac310a-2fd3-5b74-b8ad-458320421fbd on 19 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

The employment ratio describes the number of persons in employment aged 15 to under 65 per 100 persons in the corresponding population group. The statistics show the share of employed persons in North Rhine-Westphalia compared with Germany and West Germany. Further key data are the distinction between gender and existing migrant background. According to the International Labour Organisation’s Labour Force (ILO) concept, employed persons are all persons aged 15 or more who have worked for at least one hour in the reference week for pay (wage, salary) or as self-employed persons or as family workers or are in a training relationship. It is irrelevant whether the activity is a regular or occasional activity. It follows from the ILO definition of employment that also persons with “minor employment” within the meaning of social security schemes, soldier(s)

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Research project

The project “Educational Success and Social Participation of Socially and Educationally Disadvantaged Students with Migration Background in Extended Education” (abbr. in German: GeLeGanz) was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the funding code 01JB211A-C from 2021 to 2025.

Traditionally, the German education system is organized as a “half-day”-system; instruction usually takes place in the morning. Many stakeholders see the conversion from half-day to all-day schooling as a way of overcoming the challenges facing the system, including those posed by immigration. High expectations are attached to the expansion of all-day schooling, in particular the strengthening of the educational success and social participation of socially and educationally disadvantaged students with a migration background. As yet however, these goals have not been sufficiently achieved in Germany. Education systems in other countries have established comparable offerings of high quality that appear to be effective. The GeLeGanz project aims to use findings and knowledge from other countries to better exploit the potential of all-day schools in Germany, particularly at the primary school level. The primary focus of the GeLeGanz project is on the potential of all-day primary schools to improve the educational opportunities of socially and educationally disadvantaged students, in particular those who live in a migrant family.

GeLeGanz is a collaborative project, carried out by three partners.

Freie Universität Berlin (FU):

• Prof. Dr. Marianne Schüpbach (Coordinator of the collaborative project, Co-head of the subproject FU Berlin): marianne.schuepbach@fu-berlin.de
• Dr. Nanine Lilla (Co-head of the subproject FU Berlin): nanine.lilla@fu-berlin.de
• Dr. Haiqin Ning (Researcher, Operational coordinator of the collaborative project): haiqin.ning@fu-berlin.de
• Jule Schmidt (Researcher): jule.swaantje.schmidt@fu-berlin.de

German Children and Youth Foundation (DKJS):

• Anna-Margarete Davis (Co-head of the subproject DKJS): anna-margarete.davis@dkjs.de
• Nicola Andresen (Co-Lead of the subproject DKJS and school counselling): nicola.andresen@dkjs.de

University of Hamburg (UHH):

• Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Ingrid Gogolin (head of the subproject UHH): gogolin@uni-hamburg.de
• Luise Krejcik (Researcher): luise.krejcik@uni-hamburg.de

To achieve the objectives, the project was divided into the following phases:

Phase I: Expert interviews with researchers from the German and international research context on their perception of quality features and conditions for the successful design of all-day schools.

Phase II: The experts were interviewed again to evaluate and further specify the results with regard to the target group. For this, they were provided with a summary of the statements made by researchers from the German and international research context in Phase I.

Phase III: Focus group interviews with various practice-oriented actors from the German all-day school context, based on the results of expert interviews, to gain information and assessments related to the implementation of measures that might improve all-day schooling in Germany.

Phase IV: Based on the insights gained in the first three parts of the project, materials and concepts should be developed together with practice partner DKJS and transfer partners.

Project website: https://www.ewi-psy.fu-berlin.de/en/v/geleganz/index.html

Data set in UHH

The present data set comprises 30 expert interviews with 15 researchers from the German education research community, which were collected as part of the GeLeGanz project in phase I and II.

Experts: 15 researchers were interviewed twice (1x in phase I and 1x in phase II of the project). All were experts with relevant research experience, but different perspectives on the project’s guiding questions: all-day schools, informal and nonformal education, cultural and language diversity, social inequality and school development. The interview partners were identified via a review of empirical research on conditions of educational success of socially disadvantaged children with a migrant background and the potential advantages of all-day schools.

Interview procedure & topics: A sequential approach was chosen for conducting the interviews: In Phase I, interviewees were asked for

1. research-based assessments of features of high-quality all-day schools, especially for the support of socially disadvantaged children with a migration history,
2. factors that promote or hinder participation in all-day schools’ offers,
3. assessments of the current all-day school landscape in Germany.

In Phase II, the experts were interviewed again. They were provided with a summary of the statements made by the German and international experts in interviews of phase I. Experts were invited to prioritize the mentioned quality features and the potential for adaptation and implementation in the German context.

A semi-structured, problem-centred approach was used to conduct the interviews (Witzel, 2000). The guidelines included narrative-generating impulse questions, follow-up questions to promote understanding and narrative generation, and ad hoc questions on the topics discussed. The interviews were conducted in German by two trained interviewers (online or analogous). All interviews were recorded based on informed consent.

Period of the survey: The interviews were conducted from March to December 2022.

Transcription & anonymization: The transcripts were initially computer-generated, then completely revised manually according to established transcription and anonymization rules (Rädiker and Kuckartz, 2019, p. 44f).

Contents of the data set UHH:

• Collected storage of the 30 interview transcripts in a single MAXQDA project (version 2022, MX22-file)
• Individual file of the 30 interview transcripts in Excel format (xls) and html format
• Anonymization and transcription rules, data naming scheme (pdf)

Note: The dataset is stored in the ZFMD repository of the University of Hamburg in both an open-access (DOI 10.25592/uhhfdm.14815) and a restricted-access version (DOI 10.25592/uhhfdm.14771). Both datasets are available from January 1, 2026. In the open access dataset, research-related data such as research projects and studies of the respondents are anonymized in addition to personal and school-related data. In the restricted access dataset, only the respondents' personal and school-related data are anonymized.

References:

Rädiker, S., & Kuckartz, U. (2019). Analyse qualitativer Daten mit MAXQDA: Text, Audio und Video. Springer Fachmedien.

Witzel, A. (2000). Das problemzentrierte Interview [25 Absätze]. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(1), Article 22. http://nbnresolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0001228

Assessment of own financial situation. Assessment of the general living situation and perception of the policy of the federal government. Assessment of the the world situation and of the European situation.

1. Assessment of own financial situation: assessment of own financial situation compared with the situation one year ago; expected change in own financial situation; favorable time for larger acquisitions vs. hold back; suspected rather optimistic or pessimistic estimation of the economic situation in the circle of acquaintances.

2. Assessment of the general living situation and perception of the policy of the federal government: development in the country in the right direction; satisfaction in selected areas of life and problem areas (situation on the labor market, protection against violence and crime, extent of social justice, quality of life in Germany, financial situation of public budgets, school and education system in Germany, integration of migrants and foreigners, dealing with refugees and asylum seekers, securing retirement benefits in Germany); perception of policy topics of the federal government (for example, debates or legislative proposals) in the past weeks (open).

3. Assessment of the world situation and the European situation: worries about world peace; worldwide crises with potential threat to Germany (open); opinion on Germany´s foreign policy role in the world in terms of the global political situation (taking more vs. less responsibility, already doing enough); opinion on the role of Germany in the EU (takes too little consideration vs. too much consideration for other Member States, just right).

Demography: sex; age; employment status; education; household net income (classified); general election intentions; federal election behavior.

In addition: region east / west; weighting factor.

Assessment of own financial situation. Assessment of the general living situation and perception of the policy of the federal government. Assessment of the the world situation and of the European situation.

Topics: 1. Assessment of own financial situation: assessment of own financial situation compared with the situation one year ago; expected change in own financial situation; favorable time for larger acquisitions vs. hold back; suspected rather optimistic or pessimistic estimation of the economic situation in the circle of acquaintances.

1. Assessment of the general living situation and perception of the policy of the federal government: development in the country in the right direction; satisfaction in selected areas of life and problem areas (situation on the labor market, protection against violence and crime, extent of social justice, quality of life in Germany, financial situation of public budgets, school and education system in Germany, integration of migrants and foreigners, dealing with refugees and asylum seekers, securing retirement benefits in Germany, care of people in need of long-term care); perception of policy topics of the federal government (for example, debates or legislative proposals) in the past weeks (open).

2. Assessment of the world situation and the European situation: worries about world peace; worldwide crises with potential threat to Germany (open); opinion on Germany´s foreign policy role in the world in terms of the global political situation (taking more vs. less responsibility, already doing enough); opinion on the role of Germany in the EU (takes too little consideration vs. too much consideration for other Member States, just right).

Demography: sex; age; employment status; education; household net income (classified); intention to vote in the federal election; voting behaviour in the federal election.

Additonally coded was: region east / west; weighting factor.

Assessment of own financial situation. Assessment of the general living situation and perception of the policy of the federal government. Assessment of the the world situation and of the European situation.

1. Assessment of own financial situation: assessment of own financial situation compared with the situation one year ago; expected change in own financial situation; favorable time for larger acquisitions vs. hold back; suspected rather optimistic or pessimistic estimation of the economic situation in the circle of acquaintances.

2. Assessment of the general living situation and perception of the policy of the federal government: development in the country in the right direction; satisfaction in selected areas of life and problem areas (situation on the labor market, protection against violence and crime, extent of social justice, quality of life in Germany, financial situation of public budgets, school and education system in Germany, integration of migrants and foreigners, dealing with refugees and asylum seekers, securing retirement benefits in Germany); perception of policy topics of the federal government (for example, debates or legislative proposals) in the past weeks (open).

3. Assessment of the world situation and the European situation: worries about world peace; worldwide crises with potential threat to Germany (open); opinion on Germany´s foreign policy role in the world in terms of the global political situation (taking more vs. less responsibility, already doing enough); opinion on the role of Germany in the EU (takes too little consideration vs. too much consideration for other Member States, just right).

Demography: sex; age; employment status; education; household net income (classified); general election intentions; federal election behavior.

In addition: region east / west; weighting factor.

The German Survey “Attitudes and Reported Experiences of the German Welfare State” is a joint project of the University of Duisburg-Essen, the University of Gothenburg, and the Institute for Social Research, Oslo. The data set has been developed with respect to an extensive comparability with a parallel study conducted in Norway (see Kumlin et al. 2017).

Starting in 2015, information of 3,393 respondents from a German population sample was collected in three annually repeated waves until 2017. The main interest of the data collection lies on the temporal change of the data, whereas the sampling design, an online quota sample, does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the underlying German population. The aim of this academic study is to create a high-quality panel data set, focusing on attitudes towards the welfare state within the German population. In addition, questions on political, religious, social and demographic topics were asked.
Political participation in the last four years (participation in a demonstration, writing about political issues in a newspaper, online newspaper or blog, member of a political party, member of a trade union, member of another political organization); general social trust; group-related trust (Hartz IV recipients, richest people in Germany, people met for the first time, Germans without migration background, people with migration background from non-European countries, people with migration background from Eastern Europe); interest in politics; frequency of political discussions; frequency of political information; left-right self-ranking; attitude toward political asylum; attitude toward the right to social benefits for migrants; party affiliation; party voted for in the 2013 federal election; other party voted for in the 2013 federal election; actual voting behavior in 2013; party preference (Sunday question); party preference (Sunday question - open); retrospective voting behavior in the 2015 federal election; retrospective voting behavior in the 2015 federal election (open); probability of party choice (CDU/CSU, SPD, Bündnis90/Die Grünen, FDP, Die Linke, AfD, ALFA, NPD, Piratenpartei Deutschland); assessment of the living situation of various groups in Germany (pensioners and retirees, unemployed, families with children, single parents, recipients of disability pensions, recipients of Hartz IV, people with a migration background from European countries and from non-European countries); perceived personal risk in the next 12 months with regard to: unemployment, caring for family members, inability to work, divorce, parental leave, not enough money for household needs, pension due to reduced earning capacity; use of various facilities or services (family doctor, emergency doctor or emergency room in hospital, specialist, medical specialist, retirement or nursing home, home care by a private provider or by one of the welfare associations, rehabilitation center, public or private kindergarten, daycare center or day nursery, day nanny or day father, state elementary school without church orientation or with church orientation, private elementary school, open all-day care after school, secondary state school, secondary private school with church orientation, vocational training, college or university). with church orientation, private elementary school, open all-day care after school, secondary state school, secondary school with church orientation, secondary private school, vocational training, technical college or university); satisfaction with these facilities or services; personal experience with these facilities and services (staff worked quickly and efficiently, I got the support and help I was entitled to, staff were helpful and listened to me, I had the opportunity to influence the type of support and help I received, I had difficulty finding the right person to talk to, I was treated worse than most, I had the opportunity to choose between different facilities); use of transfer benefits (unemployment benefit 1, Hartz IV, sickness benefit, reduced earning capacity pension, early retirement pension, company pension, retirement or pension); framing experiment: Assessment of future levels in Germany in various areas of social security and provision of public services (health care, old-age pension and old-age pensions, support in case of temporary incapacity to work due to illness, unemployment benefits, social assistance/unemployment benefit II/basic income support, care for the elderly and sick, public child care in kindergartens/day nursery/daycare centers); evaluation of various strategies to adjust social benefits and services (lower the level of social benefits and services, raise general taxation levels, increase fees for the use of public services and contributions to social insurance, push recipients of social support more to look for and accept new jobs, offer better retraining and continuing education measures for the unemployed and sick,...