United States US: Incidence of HIV: per 1,000 Uninfected Population Aged 15-49 data was reported at 0.220 Ratio in 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.220 Ratio for 2017. United States US: Incidence of HIV: per 1,000 Uninfected Population Aged 15-49 data is updated yearly, averaging 0.250 Ratio from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.290 Ratio in 1990 and a record low of 0.220 Ratio in 2018. United States US: Incidence of HIV: per 1,000 Uninfected Population Aged 15-49 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Number of new HIV infections among uninfected populations ages 15-49 expressed per 1,000 uninfected population in the year before the period.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; Weighted average;

This dataset contains surveillance data on diagnoses of HIV for the United States in estimates rates and numbers for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection diagnosis and stage 3 infection Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) as collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

This dataset helps to investigate the Spatial Accessibility to HIV Testing, Treatment, and Prevention Services in Illinois and Chicago, USA. The main components are: population data, healthcare data, GTFS feeds, and road network data. The core components are: 1) GTFS which contains GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification) data which is provided by Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) from Google's GTFS feeds. Documentation defines the format and structure of the files that comprise a GTFS dataset: https://developers.google.com/transit/gtfs/reference?csw=1. 2) HealthCare contains shapefiles describing HIV healthcare providers in Chicago and Illinois respectively. The services come from Locator.HIV.gov. 3) PopData contains population data for Chicago and Illinois respectively. Data come from The American Community Survey and AIDSVu. AIDSVu (https://map.aidsvu.org/map) provides data on PLWH in Chicago at the census tract level for the year 2017 and in the State of Illinois at the county level for the year 2016. The American Community Survey (ACS) provided the number of people aged 15 to 64 at the census tract level for the year 2017 and at the county level for the year 2016. The ACS provides annually updated information on demographic and socio economic characteristics of people and housing in the U.S. 4) RoadNetwork contains the road networks for Chicago and Illinois respectively from OpenStreetMap using the Python osmnx package. The abstract for our paper is: Accomplishing the goals outlined in “Ending the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Epidemic: A Plan for America Initiative” will require properly estimating and increasing access to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention services. In this research, a computational spatial method for estimating access was applied to measure distance to services from all points of a city or state while considering the size of the population in need for services as well as both driving and public transportation. Specifically, this study employed the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method to measure spatial accessibility to HIV testing, treatment (i.e., Ryan White HIV/AIDS program), and prevention (i.e., Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis [PrEP]) services. The method considered the spatial location of MSM (Men Who have Sex with Men), PLWH (People Living with HIV), and the general adult population 15-64 depending on what HIV services the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends for each group. The study delineated service- and population-specific accessibility maps, demonstrating the method’s utility by analyzing data corresponding to the city of Chicago and the state of Illinois. Findings indicated health disparities in the south and the northwest of Chicago and particular areas in Illinois, as well as unique health disparities for public transportation compared to driving. The methodology details and computer code are shared for use in research and public policy.

This was a retrospective unmatched case control study, which targeted 583 (147 cases and 436 controls) HIV infected individuals attending HIV clinics at eleven USAID/SUSTAIN supported Ugandan RRH. The specific objectives were 1. To identify the foods commonly consumed by PLHIV attending HIV clinics at RRH in Uganda. 2. To compare dietary patterns of malnourished and non-malnourished HIV patients attending HIV clinics at RRH in Uganda. 3. To explore demographic, socio-economic and hospital care factors associated with dietary patterns among HIV patients attending HIV clinics at RRH in Uganda. 4. To identify and compare coping mechanisms during food scarcity between the malnourished and non-malnourished HIV patients attending HIV clinics at RRH in Uganda.

United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults: Aged 15-24 data was reported at 5,600.000 Number in 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5,900.000 Number for 2020. United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults: Aged 15-24 data is updated yearly, averaging 7,200.000 Number from Dec 2010 (Median) to 2021, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10,000.000 Number in 2010 and a record low of 5,600.000 Number in 2021. United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults: Aged 15-24 data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Number of young people (ages 15-24) newly infected with HIV.;UNAIDS estimates.;;This indicator is related to Sustainable Development Goal 3.3.1 [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/].

Abstract

The 2018 Nigeria AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS) is a cross-sectional survey that will assess the prevalence of key human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related health indicators. This survey is a two-stage cluster survey of 88,775 randomly-selected households in Nigeria, sampled from among 3,551 nationally-representative sample clusters. The survey is expected to include approximately 168,029 participants, ages 15-64 years and children, ages 0-14 years, from the selected household. The 2018 NAIIS will characterize HIV incidence, prevalence, viral load suppression, CD4 T-cell distribution, and risk behaviors in a household-based, nationally-representative sample of the population of Nigeria, and will describe uptake of key HIV prevention, care, and treatment services. The 2018 NAIIS will also estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, and HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infections.

Geographic coverage

National coverage, the survey covered the Federal Republic and was undertaken in each state and the Federal Capital.

Analysis unit

Household Health Survey

Universe

1. Women and men aged 15-64 years living in residential households and visitors who slept in the household the night before the survey
2. Children aged 0-14 years living in residential households and child visitors who slept in the household the night before the survey

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

This cross-sectional, household-based survey uses a two-stage cluster sampling design (enumeration area followed by households). The target population is people 15-64 and children ages 0-14 years. The overall size and distribution of the sample is determined by analysis of existing estimates of national HIV incidence, sub-national HIV prevalence, and the number of HIV-positive cases needed to obtain estimates of VLS among adults 15-64 years for each of the 36 states and the FCT while not unnecessarily inflating the sample size needed.

From a sampling perspective, the three primary objectives of this proposal are based on competing demands, one focused on national incidence and the other on state-level estimates in a large number of states (37). Since the denominator used for estimating VLS is HIV-positive individuals, the required minimum number of blood draws in a stratum is inversely proportional to the expected HIV prevalence rate in that stratum. This objective requires a disproportionate amount of sample to be allocated to states with the lowest prevalence. A review of state-level prevalence estimates for sources in the last 3 to 5 years shows that state-level estimates are often divergent from one source to the next, making it difficult to ascertain the sample size needed to obtain the roughly 100 PLHIV needed to achieve a 95% confidence interval (CI) of +/- 10 for VLS estimates.

An equal-size approach is proposed with a sample size of 3,700 blood specimens in each state. Three-thousand seven hundred specimens will be sufficiently large to obtain robust estimates of HIV prevalence and VLS among HIV-infected individuals in most states. In states with a HIV prevalence above 2.5%, we can anticipate 95% CI of less than +/-10% and relative standard errors (RSEs) of less than 11% for estimates of VLS. In these states, with HIV prevalence above 2.5%, the anticipated 95% CI around prevalence is +/- 0.7% to a high of 1.1-1.3% in states with prevalence above 6%. In states with prevalence between 1.2 and 2.5% HIV prevalence estimates would remain robust with 95% CI of +/- 0.5-0.6% and RSE of less than 20% while 95% CI around VLS would range between 10-15% (and RSE below 15%). With this proposal only a few states, with HIV prevalence below 1.0%, would have less than robust estimates for VLS and HIV prevalence.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Three questionnaires were used for the 2018 NAIIS: Household Questionnaire, Adult Questionnaire, and Early Adolescent Questionnaire (10-14 Years).

Cleaning operations

During the household data collection, questionnaire and laboratory data were transmitted between tablets via Bluetooth connection. This facilitated synchronization of household rosters and ensured data collection for each participant followed the correct pathway. All field data collected in CSPro and the Laboratory Data Management System (LDMS) were transmitted to a central server using File Transfer Protocol Secure (FTPS) over a 4G or 3G telecommunication provider at least once a day. Questionnaire data cleaning was conducted using CSPro and SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, United States). Laboratory data were cleaned and merged with the final questionnaire database using unique specimen barcodes and study identification numbers.

Response rate

A total of 101,267 households were selected, 89,345 were occupied and 83,909 completed the household interview . • For adults aged 15-64 years, interview response rate was 91.6% for women and 88.2% for men; blood draw response rate was 92.9% for women and 93.6% for men. • For adolescents aged 10-14 years, interview response rate was 86.8% for women and 86.2% for men; blood draw response rate was 91.2% for women and 92.3% for men. • For children aged 0-9 years, blood draw response rate was 68.5% for women and men.

Sampling error estimates

Estimates from sample surveys are affected by two types of errors: non-sampling errors and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors result from mistakes made during data collection, e.g., misinterpretation of an HIV test result and data management errors such as transcription errors during data entry. While NAIIS implemented numerous quality assurance and control measures to minimize non-sampling errors, these were impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically. In contrast, sampling errors can be evaluated statistically. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability between all possible samples.

The sample of respondents selected for NAIIS was only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples could yield results that differed somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Although the degree of variability cannot be known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results. The standard error, which is the square root of the variance, is the usual measurement of sampling error for a statistic (e.g., proportion, mean, rate, count). In turn, the standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of approximately plus or minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.

NAIIS utilized a multi-stage stratified sample design, which required complex calculations to obtain sampling errors. The Taylor linearization method of variance estimation was used for survey estimates that are proportions, e.g., HIV prevalence. The Jackknife repeated replication method was used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as rates, e.g., annual HIV incidence and counts such as the number of people living with HIV.

The Taylor linearization method treats any percentage or average as a ratio estimate, , where y represents the total sample value for variable y and x represents the total number of cases in the group or subgroup under consideration. The variance of r is computed using the formula given below, with the standard error being the square root of the variance: in which Where represents the stratum, which varies from 1 to H, is the total number of clusters selected in the hth stratum, is the sum of the weighted values of variable y in the ith cluster in the hth stratum, is the sum of the weighted number of cases in the ith cluster in the hth stratum and, f is the overall sampling fraction, which is so small that it is ignored.

In addition to the standard error, the design effect for each estimate is also calculated. The design effect is defined as the ratio of the standard error using the given sample design to the standard error that would result if a simple random sample had been used. A design effect of 1.0 indicates that the sample design is as efficient as a simple random sample, while a value greater than 1.0 indicates the increase in the sampling error due to the use of a more complex and less statistically efficient design. Confidence limits for the estimates, which are calculated as where t(0.975, K) is the 97.5th percentile of a t-distribution with K degrees of freedom, are also computed.

Data appraisal

Remote data quality check was carried out using data editor

United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults (Aged 15+) and Children (Aged 0-14) data was reported at 39,000.000 Number in 2015. This stayed constant from the previous number of 39,000.000 Number for 2014. United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults (Aged 15+) and Children (Aged 0-14) data is updated yearly, averaging 40,500.000 Number from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2015, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44,000.000 Number in 2009 and a record low of 39,000.000 Number in 2015. United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults (Aged 15+) and Children (Aged 0-14) data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Health Statistics. Number of adults (ages 15+) and children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; ;

Streamlining dietary and nutrition-specific counseling especially among malnutrition vulnerable HIV positive patients requires provision of targeted-specific information based on regional differences and socio-economic variations. This assessment seeks to understand the variations in dietary patterns of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who access HIV care services at the 11 different USAID/SUSTAIN supported Regional Referral Hospitals (RRH) in Uganda. It also provides information on the relationship between dietary diversity and socio-demographic, economic and HIV care related factors among PLHIV. The findings shall as well provide various stakeholders involved in HIV/AIDS programming care and policy makers with additional information to enable design of appropriate nutritional interventions to improve HIV nutritional care programs particularly among adults. This was a retrospective unmatched case control study, which targeted 583 (147 cases and 436 controls) HIV infected individuals attending HIV clinics at eleven USAID/SUSTAIN supported Ugandan RRH. The specific objectives were 1. To identify the foods commonly consumed by PLHIV attending HIV clinics at RRH in Uganda. 2. To compare dietary patterns of malnourished and non-malnourished HIV patients attending HIV clinics at RRH in Uganda. 3. To explore demographic, socio-economic and hospital care factors associated with dietary patterns among HIV patients attending HIV clinics at RRH in Uganda. 4. To identify and compare coping mechanisms during food scarcity between the malnourished and non-malnourished HIV patients attending HIV clinics at RRH in Uganda.

BackgroundConventional epidemiological surveillance of infectious diseases is focused on characterization of incident infections and estimation of the number of prevalent infections. Advances in methods for the analysis of the population-level genetic variation of viruses can potentially provide information about donors, not just recipients, of infection. Genetic sequences from many viruses are increasingly abundant, especially HIV, which is routinely sequenced for surveillance of drug resistance mutations. We conducted a phylodynamic analysis of HIV genetic sequence data and surveillance data from a US population of men who have sex with men (MSM) and estimated incidence and transmission rates by stage of infection.Methods and FindingsWe analyzed 662 HIV-1 subtype B sequences collected between October 14, 2004, and February 24, 2012, from MSM in the Detroit metropolitan area, Michigan. These sequences were cross-referenced with a database of 30,200 patients diagnosed with HIV infection in the state of Michigan, which includes clinical information that is informative about the recency of infection at the time of diagnosis. These data were analyzed using recently developed population genetic methods that have enabled the estimation of transmission rates from the population-level genetic diversity of the virus. We found that genetic data are highly informative about HIV donors in ways that standard surveillance data are not. Genetic data are especially informative about the stage of infection of donors at the point of transmission. We estimate that 44.7% (95% CI, 42.2%–46.4%) of transmissions occur during the first year of infection.ConclusionsIn this study, almost half of transmissions occurred within the first year of HIV infection in MSM. Our conclusions may be sensitive to un-modeled intra-host evolutionary dynamics, un-modeled sexual risk behavior, and uncertainty in the stage of infected hosts at the time of sampling. The intensity of transmission during early infection may have significance for public health interventions based on early treatment of newly diagnosed individuals.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

The Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies 2 (CJ-DATS 2) was launched in 2008 with a focus on conducting implementation research in criminal justice settings. NIDA's ultimate goal for CJ-DATS 2 was to identify implementation strategies that maximize the likelihood of sustained delivery of evidence-based practices to improve offender drug abuse and HIV outcomes, and to decrease their risk of incarceration. CJ-DATS 2 HIV Services Treatment Implementation in Corrections focused on implementing interventions to address the HIV continuum of care in correctional settings. There are 5 datasets associated with this study. -Dataset 1 (DS1) contains data aggregated at the correction facility level that examines delivery of HIV services in the experimental and control study groups (215 cases). -Dataset 2 (DS2) and Dataset 3 (DS3) detail survey responses from correctional staff about how the HIV services were changed and/or implemented at their facilities (DS2 has 68 cases and DS3 has 85 cases). -Dataset 4 (DS4) contains survey responses from inmates about their perceptions of the HIV services provided at facilities in which they are incarcerated (2,301 cases). -Dataset 5 (DS5) contains data merged together by the principal investigator from several surveys given to treatment staff, treatment directors, correctional officers and correctional directors. This dataset includes demographic information, staff perceptions of their work environment, perceptions of HIV infected individuals, evaluations of HIV workshops and perceptions of the delivery of HIV services at their facility (385 cases). These 5 datasets contain a total of 889 variables.

This data set contains Quarterly Results and yearly Targets by Operating Unit, Sub-National Units 1–2, and PSNU Prioritization for Fiscal Years 2016 – 2020 and the following subset of Testing and Treatment indicators: HTS_TST (People receiving testing and counseling services), HTS_TST_POS (People newly testing positive for HIV), TX_CURR (People currently receiving ART), TX_NEW (People newly enrolled in ART), TX_PVLS (Viral Load Documented) and TX_RET (People who have remained in treatment 12 months after ART initiation). Data can be downloaded as a compressed (zip) file, which contains text files in csv (comma separated values) format. For indicator definitions, please consult the latest MER Indicator Reference Guide.For additional PEPFAR data, please visit data.pepfar.gov. Unless otherwise noted, the content, data, documentation, code, and related materials on data.pepfar.gov is public _domain and made available with a Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal dedication and license-free (per US Code 17 USC § 105). Citation of data.pepfar.gov as a source of the data is appreciated.

Multivariable hierarchical generalized linear models regressing the odds of HIV negative status on characteristics of the environments where people who inject drugs (N = 9,077) lived when participating in the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance in 20091.

United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults: Aged 15+ data was reported at 37,000.000 Number in 2014. This records a decrease from the previous number of 38,000.000 Number for 2013. United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults: Aged 15+ data is updated yearly, averaging 41,000.000 Number from Dec 2008 (Median) to 2014, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 44,000.000 Number in 2009 and a record low of 37,000.000 Number in 2014. United States US: Newly Infected with HIV: Adults: Aged 15+ data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.World Bank: Health Statistics. Number of adults (ages 15+) newly infected with HIV.; ; UNAIDS estimates.; ;

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) resulted in a significant increase in life expectancy for HIV patients. Indeed, in 2015, 45% of the HIV+ individuals in the United States were ≥55 years of age. Despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection, geriatric HIV+ patients suffer from higher incidence of comorbidities compared to age-matched HIV- individuals. Both chronic inflammation and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome are believed to be major contributors to this phenomenon, however carefully controlled studies investigating the impact of long-term (>10 years) controlled HIV (LTC-HIV) infection are lacking. To address this question, we profiled circulating immune cells, immune mediators, and the gut microbiome from elderly (≥55 years old) LTC-HIV+ and HIV- gay men living in the Palm Springs area. LTC-HIV+ individuals had lower frequency of circulating monocytes and CD4+ T-cells, and increased frequency CD8+ T-cells. Moreover, levels of systemic INFγ and several growth factors were increased while levels of IL-2 and several chemokines were reduced. Upon stimulation, immune cells from LTC-HIV+ individuals produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Last but not least, the gut microbiome of LTC-HIV+ individuals was enriched in bacterial taxa typically found in the oral cavity suggestive of loss of compartmentalization, while levels of beneficial butyrate producing taxa were reduced. Additionally, prevalence of Prevotella negatively correlated with CD4+ T-cells numbers in LTC-HIV+ individuals. These results indicate that despite long-term adherence and undetectable viral loads, LTC-HIV infection results in significant shifts in immune cell frequencies and gut microbial communities.

Assessment of the dangers from AIDS. Attitude to the social consequences of AIDS. Topics: 1. As oral survey: general assessment of the dangers and temptations for young people in large cities; assessment of the danger of AIDS infection in large cities; expected jeopardy from crime in Germany to the extent of American cities; probability of personally isolating oneself in future due to AIDS; assessment of the degree of infection of selected illnesses; attitude to handicapped and sick persons; importance and consciousness of the dangers from AIDS; assumed effectiveness of possibilities of protection against AIDS; perceived threat to personal circle of friends and family from selected illnesses; perceived threat from technical developments such as nuclear energy, gene technology as well as from the ozone hole and environmental pollution; attitude to AIDS and the AIDS-infected as well as attributing blame to the primary risk groups; satisfaction with the German public health system; earning money or helping as primary motive among those active in the public health system; risk of HIV infection in the hospital; self-assessment of the certainty with which one would recognize someone infected with HIV; trust in the public health system and especially in blood preparations and blood transfusions after the so-called blood scandal in which AIDS-infected blood preparations came into use; influence of AIDS on daily behavior with people as well as feeling of safety; dealing with the AIDS-infected or isolation; state of knowledge about possibilities of infection with AIDS; active or casual gathering of information on AIDS; tolerance or isolation of the AIDS-infected (scale); compulsory measures or education as promising measures against AIDS; attitude to selected measures to combat AIDS (scale); willingness to help regarding AIDS-infected people; preference for protection of privacy of AIDS patients or protection of the healthy at the cost of those infected with AIDS; trust in statements of science regarding the familiar paths of infection of AIDS; general assessment of the AIDS problem for the respondent; thoughts of AIDS infection with intimate contacts with random acquaintances; use of condom; attitude to use of condom with future relations with unknown partners; not using a condom only after an AIDS test. 2. As a written form to be filled out the respondent answered the following: psychological self-characterization: fatalism or personal responsibility (scale); attitude to condom use and fidelity in a partnership; information on sexual conduct in the last 12 months with changing partners and random acquaintances. 3. Demography: sex; month of birth; year of birth; school education; age at leaving the school providing all-round education; vocational training; full-time employment; occupational position; employment in the civil service; marital status; living together with a partner; self-assessment of social class; religious denomination; religiousness; election participation at the last Federal Parliament election and second vote; party preference (Sunday question); size of household; composition of household; net income; number of person contributing to household income; number of employed in household and total household income; origins from the GDR or the old Federal Republic; possession of a telephone. Einschätzung der Gefahren durch AIDS. Einstellung zu den gesellschaftlichen Folgen von AIDS. Themen: 1. Als mündliche Befragung: Allgemeine Einschätzung der Gefahren und Versuchungen junger Menschen in Großstädten; Einschätzung der AIDS-Ansteckungsgefahr in großen Städten; erwartete Kriminalitätsgefährdung in Deutschland im Ausmaß von amerikanischen Städten; Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zukünftigen persönlichen Abschottung wegen AIDS; Einschätzung des Ansteckungsgrades ausgewählter Krankheiten; Einstellung zu Behinderten und Kranken; Zentralität und Bewußtheit der Gefahren durch AIDS; vermutete Wirksamkeit der Schutzmöglichkeiten vor AIDS; empfundene Bedrohung des eigenen Freundeskreises und der Familie durch ausgewählte Krankheiten; empfundene Bedrohung durch technische Entwicklungen wie Kernenergie, Gentechnologie sowie durch das Ozonloch und die Umweltverschmutzung; Einstellung zu AIDS und AIDS-Infizierten sowie Schuldzuschreibung zu Hauptrisikogruppen; Zufriedenheit mit dem deutschen Gesundheitssystem; Geldverdienen oder Helfen als Hauptmotiv bei den im Gesundheitssystem Tätigen; HIV-Infektionsgefahr im Krankenhaus; Selbsteinschätzung der Sicherheit, mit der man einen HIV-Infizierten erkennen würde; Vertrauen in das Gesundheitssystem und speziell in Blutpräparate und Bluttransfusionen nach dem sogenannten Blutskandal, bei dem AIDS-infizierte Blutpräparate in den Handel kamen; Einfluß von AIDS auf den täglichen Umgang mit Menschen sowie Sicherheitsempfinden; Umgang mit AIDS-Infizierten oder Ausgrenzung; Kenntnisstand über die Ansteckungsmöglichkeiten mit AIDS; aktive oder beiläufige Informationsbeschaffung über AIDS; Toleranz oder Ausgrenzung von AIDS-Infizierten (Skala); Zwangsmaßnahmen oder Aufklärung als erfolgversprechende Maßnahmen gegen AIDS; Einstellung zu ausgewählten Maßnahmen zur AIDS-Bekämpfung (Skala); Hilfsbereitschaft gegenüber AIDS-Infizierten; Präferenz für Persönlichkeitsschutz der AIDS-Kranken oder Schutz der Gesunden auf Kosten der AIDS-Infizierten; Vertrauen in die Aussagen der Wissenschaft bezüglich der bekannten Ansteckungswege von AIDS; allgemeine Einschätzung des AIDS-Problems für den Befragten; Gedanken an AIDS-Ansteckung bei Intimkontakten mit Zufallsbekanntschaften; Kondomverwendung; Einstellung zur Kondombenutzung bei zukünftigen Beziehungen mit unbekannten Partnern; Verzicht auf Kondombenutzung erst nach AIDS-Test. 2. Als schriftlicher Selbstausfüller wurde vom Befragten beantwortet: Psychologische Selbstcharakterisierung: Fatalismus oder Eigenverantwortlichkeit (Skala); Einstellung zur Kondombenutzung und zur Treue in der Partnerschaft; Angaben über das Sexualverhalten in den letzten 12 Monaten mit wechselnden Partnern und Zufallsbekanntschaften. 3. Demographie: Geschlecht; Geburtsmonat; Geburtsjahr; Schulbildung; Alter beim Verlassen der allgemeinbildenden Schule; Berufsausbildung; Vollzeitbeschäftigung; berufliche Position; Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Dienst; Familienstand; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Selbsteinschätzung der Schichtzugehörigkeit; Konfession; Religiosität; Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten Bundestagswahl und abgegebene Zweitstimme; Parteipräferenz (Sonntagsfrage); Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Nettoeinkommen; Anzahl der Personen, die am Haushaltseinkommen beitragen; Anzahl der Erwerbstätigen im Haushalt und gesamtes Haushaltseinkommen; Herkunft aus der DDR oder der alten Bundesrepublik; Telefonbesitz.

HIV Status by age groups.

United States US: Incidence of Tuberculosis: per 100,000 People data was reported at 3.100 Ratio in 2016. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.300 Ratio for 2015. United States US: Incidence of Tuberculosis: per 100,000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 4.900 Ratio from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2016, with 17 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.700 Ratio in 2000 and a record low of 3.100 Ratio in 2016. United States US: Incidence of Tuberculosis: per 100,000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new and relapse tuberculosis cases arising in a given year, expressed as the rate per 100,000 population. All forms of TB are included, including cases in people living with HIV. Estimates for all years are recalculated as new information becomes available and techniques are refined, so they may differ from those published previously.; ; World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Report.; Weighted average;

The Ukraine Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 6,841 women age 15-49 and 3,178 men age 15-49. Survey fieldwork was conducted during the period July through November 2007. The UDHS was conducted by the Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms in close collaboration with the State Statistical Committee of Ukraine. The MEASURE DHS Project provided technical support for the survey. The U.S. Agency for International Development/Kyiv Regional Mission to Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus provided funding. The survey is a nationally representative sample survey designed to provide information on population and health issues in Ukraine. The primary goal of the survey was to develop a single integrated set of demographic and health data for the population of the Ukraine. The UDHS was conducted from July to November 2007 by the Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms (UCSR) in close collaboration with the State Statistical Committee (SSC) of Ukraine, which provided organizational and methodological support. Macro International Inc. provided technical assistance for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. USAID/Kyiv Regional Mission to Ukraine, Moldova and Belarus provided funding for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. MEASURE DHS is sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to assist countries worldwide in obtaining information on key population and health indicators. The 2007 UDHS collected national- and regional-level data on fertility and contraceptive use, maternal health, adult health and life style, infant and child mortality, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The survey obtained detailed information on these issues from women of reproductive age and, on certain topics, from men as well. The results of the 2007 UDHS are intended to provide the information needed to evaluate existing social programs and to design new strategies for improving the health of Ukrainians and health services for the people of Ukraine. The 2007 UDHS also contributes to the growing international database on demographic and health-related variables. MAIN RESULTS Fertility rates. A useful index of the level of fertility is the total fertility rate (TFR), which indicates the number of children a woman would have if she passed through the childbearing ages at the current age-specific fertility rates (ASFR). The TFR, estimated for the three-year period preceding the survey, is 1.2 children per woman. This is below replacement level. Contraception : Knowledge and ever use. Knowledge of contraception is widespread in Ukraine. Among married women, knowledge of at least one method is universal (99 percent). On average, married women reported knowledge of seven methods of contraception. Eighty-nine percent of married women have used a method of contraception at some time. Abortion rates. The use of abortion can be measured by the total abortion rate (TAR), which indicates the number of abortions a woman would have in her lifetime if she passed through her childbearing years at the current age-specific abortion rates. The UDHS estimate of the TAR indicates that a woman in Ukraine will have an average of 0.4 abortions during her lifetime. This rate is considerably lower than the comparable rate in the 1999 Ukraine Reproductive Health Survey (URHS) of 1.6. Despite this decline, among pregnancies ending in the three years preceding the survey, one in four pregnancies (25 percent) ended in an induced abortion. Antenatal care. Ukraine has a well-developed health system with an extensive infrastructure of facilities that provide maternal care services. Overall, the levels of antenatal care and delivery assistance are high. Virtually all mothers receive antenatal care from professional health providers (doctors, nurses, and midwives) with negligible differences between urban and rural areas. Seventy-five percent of pregnant women have six or more antenatal care visits; 27 percent have 15 or more ANC visits. The percentage is slightly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (78 percent compared with 73 percent). However, a smaller proportion of rural women than urban women have 15 or more antenatal care visits (23 percent and 29 percent, respectively). HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections : The currently low level of HIV infection in Ukraine provides a unique window of opportunity for early targeted interventions to prevent further spread of the disease. However, the increases in the cumulative incidence of HIV infection suggest that this window of opportunity is rapidly closing. Adult Health : The major causes of death in Ukraine are similar to those in industrialized countries (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and accidents), but there is also a rising incidence of certain infectious diseases, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Women's status : Sixty-four percent of married women make decisions on their own about their own health care, 33 percent decide jointly with their husband/partner, and 1 percent say that their husband or someone else is the primary decisionmaker about the woman's own health care. Domestic Violence : Overall, 17 percent of women age 15-49 experienced some type of physical violence between age 15 and the time of the survey. Nine percent of all women experienced at least one episode of violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. One percent of the women said they had often been subjected to violent physical acts during the past year. Overall, the data indicate that husbands are the main perpetrators of physical violence against women. Human Trafficking : The UDHS collected information on respondents' awareness of human trafficking in Ukraine and, if applicable, knowledge about any household members who had been the victim of human trafficking during the three years preceding the survey. More than half (52 percent) of respondents to the household questionnaire reported that they had heard of a person experiencing this problem and 10 percent reported that they knew personally someone who had experienced human trafficking.

Abstract

The 2023-24 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (2023-24 LDHS) is designed to provide data for monitoring the population and health situation in Lesotho. The 2023-24 LDHS is the 4th Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Lesotho since 2004.

The primary objective of the 2023–24 LDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the LDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutrition, childhood and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, awareness and behaviour regarding HIV and AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), other health issues (including tuberculosis) and chronic diseases, adult mortality (including maternal mortality), mental health and well-being, and gender-based violence. In addition, the 2023–24 LDHS provides estimates of anaemia prevalence among children age 6–59 months and adults as well as estimates of hypertension and diabetes among adults.

The information collected through the 2023–24 LDHS is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in designing and evaluating programmes and strategies for improving the health of Lesotho’s population. The survey also provides indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Lesotho.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual
• Children age 0-5
• Woman age 15-49
• Man age 15-59

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men aged 15-59, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sampling frame used for the 2023–24 LDHS is based on the 2016 Population and Housing Census (2016 PHC), provided by the Lesotho Bureau of Statistics (BoS). The frame file is a complete list of all census enumeration areas (EAs) within Lesotho. An EA is a geographic area, usually a city block in an urban area or a village in a rural area, consisting of approximately 100 households. In rural areas, it may consist of one or more villages. Each EA serves as a counting unit for the population census and has a satellite map delineating its boundaries, with identification information and a measure of size, which is the number of residential households enumerated in the 2016 PHC. Lesotho is administratively divided into 10 districts; each district is subdivided into constituencies and each constituency into community councils.

The 2023–24 LDHS sample of households was stratified and selected independently in two stages. Each district was stratified into urban, peri-urban, and rural areas; this yielded 29 sampling strata because there are no peri-urban areas in Butha-Buthe. In the first sampling stage, 400 EAs were selected with probability proportional to EA size and with independent selection in each sampling stratum. A household listing operation was carried out in all of the selected sample EAs, and the resulting lists of households served as the sampling frame for the selection of households in the next stage.

In the second stage of selection, a fixed number of 25 households per cluster (EA) were selected with an equal probability systematic selection from the newly created household listing. All women age 15–49 who were usual members of the selected households or who spent the night before the survey in the selected households were eligible for the Woman’s Questionnaire. In every other household, all men age 15–59 who were usual members of the selected households or who spent the night before the survey in the selected households were eligible for the Man’s Questionnaire. All households in the men’s subsample were eligible for the Biomarker Questionnaire.

Fifteen listing teams, each consisting of three listers/mappers and a supervisor, were deployed in the field to complete the listing operation. Training of the household listers/mappers took place from 28 to 30 June 2024. The household listing operation was carried out in all of the selected EAs from 5 to 26 July 2024. For each household, Global Positioning System (GPS) data were collected at the time of listing and during interviews.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

Four questionnaires were used for the 2023–24 LDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Lesotho and were translated into Sesotho. In addition, a self-administered Fieldworker Questionnaire collected information about the survey’s fieldworkers.

Cleaning operations

The survey data were collected using tablet computers running the Android operating system and Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) software, jointly developed by the United States Census Bureau, ICF, and Serpro S.A. English and Sesotho questionnaires were used for collecting data via CAPI. The CAPI programmes accepted only valid responses, automatically performed checks on ranges of values, skipped to the appropriate question based on the responses given, and checked the consistency of the data collected. Answers to the survey questions were entered into the tablets by each interviewer. Supervisors downloaded interview data to their tablet, checked the data for completeness, and monitored fieldwork progress.

Each day, after completion of interviews, field supervisors submitted data to the central server. Data were sent to the central office via secure internet data transfer. The data processing managers monitored the quality of the data received and downloaded completed data files for completed clusters into the system. ICF provided the CSPro software for data processing and technical assistance in the preparation of the data capture, data management, and data editing programmes. Secondary editing was conducted simultaneously with data collection. All technical support for data processing and use of the tablets was provided by ICF.

The Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) Division of STD/HIV/AIDS Public Policy and Programs works in partnership with communities to advance the prevention and treatment of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). CDPH maintains drop-in STI Specialty Clinics & HIV Early Intervention Services in South Austin, Englewood, Roseland, Lakeview and West Town that diagnose and treat STIs and provide information about condom use and other STI prevention methods. These clinics are offered at no cost, and on a first-come, first-serve basis. This metric tracks the percent of patients served by the STI Specialty Clinics per month out of the total number of people who seek care. The monthly performance goal is to serve 100% of those seeking care. For more information about City STI/HIV/AIDS Services, see http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/cdph/provdrs/sti_hiv_aids.html