Overview

The Marshall Project, the nonprofit investigative newsroom dedicated to the U.S. criminal justice system, has partnered with The Associated Press to compile data on the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in prisons across the country. The Associated Press is sharing this data as the most comprehensive current national source of COVID-19 outbreaks in state and federal prisons.

Lawyers, criminal justice reform advocates and families of the incarcerated have worried about what was happening in prisons across the nation as coronavirus began to take hold in the communities outside. Data collected by The Marshall Project and AP shows that hundreds of thousands of prisoners, workers, correctional officers and staff have caught the illness as prisons became the center of some of the country’s largest outbreaks. And thousands of people — most of them incarcerated — have died.

In December, as COVID-19 cases spiked across the U.S., the news organizations also shared cumulative rates of infection among prison populations, to better gauge the total effects of the pandemic on prison populations. The analysis found that by mid-December, one in five state and federal prisoners in the United States had tested positive for the coronavirus -- a rate more than four times higher than the general population.

This data, which is updated weekly, is an effort to track how those people have been affected and where the crisis has hit the hardest.

Methodology and Caveats

The data tracks the number of COVID-19 tests administered to people incarcerated in all state and federal prisons, as well as the staff in those facilities. It is collected on a weekly basis by Marshall Project and AP reporters who contact each prison agency directly and verify published figures with officials.

Each week, the reporters ask every prison agency for the total number of coronavirus tests administered to its staff members and prisoners, the cumulative number who tested positive among staff and prisoners, and the numbers of deaths for each group.

The time series data is aggregated to the system level; there is one record for each prison agency on each date of collection. Not all departments could provide data for the exact date requested, and the data indicates the date for the figures.

To estimate the rate of infection among prisoners, we collected population data for each prison system before the pandemic, roughly in mid-March, in April, June, July, August, September and October. Beginning the week of July 28, we updated all prisoner population numbers, reflecting the number of incarcerated adults in state or federal prisons. Prior to that, population figures may have included additional populations, such as prisoners housed in other facilities, which were not captured in our COVID-19 data. In states with unified prison and jail systems, we include both detainees awaiting trial and sentenced prisoners.

To estimate the rate of infection among prison employees, we collected staffing numbers for each system. Where current data was not publicly available, we acquired other numbers through our reporting, including calling agencies or from state budget documents. In six states, we were unable to find recent staffing figures: Alaska, Hawaii, Kentucky, Maryland, Montana, Utah.

To calculate the cumulative COVID-19 impact on prisoner and prison worker populations, we aggregated prisoner and staff COVID case and death data up through Dec. 15. Because population snapshots do not account for movement in and out of prisons since March, and because many systems have significantly slowed the number of new people being sent to prison, it’s difficult to estimate the total number of people who have been held in a state system since March. To be conservative, we calculated our rates of infection using the largest prisoner population snapshots we had during this time period.

As with all COVID-19 data, our understanding of the spread and impact of the virus is limited by the availability of testing. Epidemiology and public health experts say that aside from a few states that have recently begun aggressively testing in prisons, it is likely that there are more cases of COVID-19 circulating undetected in facilities. Sixteen prison systems, including the Federal Bureau of Prisons, would not release information about how many prisoners they are testing.

Corrections departments in Indiana, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota and Wisconsin report coronavirus testing and case data for juvenile facilities; West Virginia reports figures for juvenile facilities and jails. For consistency of comparison with other state prison systems, we removed those facilities from our data that had been included prior to July 28. For these states we have also removed staff data. Similarly, Pennsylvania’s coronavirus data includes testing and cases for those who have been released on parole. We removed these tests and cases for prisoners from the data prior to July 28. The staff cases remain.

About the Data

There are four tables in this data:

• covid_prison_cases.csv contains weekly time series data on tests, infections and deaths in prisons. The first dates in the table are on March 26. Any questions that a prison agency could not or would not answer are left blank.

• prison_populations.csv contains snapshots of the population of people incarcerated in each of these prison systems for whom data on COVID testing and cases are available. This varies by state and may not always be the entire number of people incarcerated in each system. In some states, it may include other populations, such as those on parole or held in state-run jails. This data is primarily for use in calculating rates of testing and infection, and we would not recommend using these numbers to compare the change in how many people are being held in each prison system.

• staff_populations.csv contains a one-time, recent snapshot of the headcount of workers for each prison agency, collected as close to April 15 as possible.

• covid_prison_rates.csv contains the rates of cases and deaths for prisoners. There is one row for every state and federal prison system and an additional row with the National totals.

Queries

The Associated Press and The Marshall Project have created several queries to help you use this data:

Get your state's prison COVID data: Provides each week's data from just your state and calculates a cases-per-100000-prisoners rate, a deaths-per-100000-prisoners rate, a cases-per-100000-workers rate and a deaths-per-100000-workers rate here

Rank all systems' most recent data by cases per 100,000 prisoners here

Find what percentage of your state's total cases and deaths -- as reported by Johns Hopkins University -- occurred within the prison system here

Attribution

In stories, attribute this data to: “According to an analysis of state prison cases by The Marshall Project, a nonprofit investigative newsroom dedicated to the U.S. criminal justice system, and The Associated Press.”

Contributors

Many reporters and editors at The Marshall Project and The Associated Press contributed to this data, including: Katie Park, Tom Meagher, Weihua Li, Gabe Isman, Cary Aspinwall, Keri Blakinger, Jake Bleiberg, Andrew R. Calderón, Maurice Chammah, Andrew DeMillo, Eli Hager, Jamiles Lartey, Claudia Lauer, Nicole Lewis, Humera Lodhi, Colleen Long, Joseph Neff, Michelle Pitcher, Alysia Santo, Beth Schwartzapfel, Damini Sharma, Colleen Slevin, Christie Thompson, Abbie VanSickle, Adria Watson, Andrew Welsh-Huggins.

Questions

If you have questions about the data, please email The Marshall Project at info+covidtracker@themarshallproject.org or file a Github issue.

To learn more about AP's data journalism capabilities for publishers, corporations and financial institutions, go here or email kromano@ap.org.

As of February 2025, El Salvador had the highest prisoner rate worldwide, with over 1,600 prisoners per 100,000 of the national population. Cuba, Rwanda, Turkmenistan, and the United States, rounded out the top five countries with the highest rate of incarceration. Homicides in El Salvador Interestingly, El Salvador, which long had the highest global homicide rates, has dropped out of the top 20 after a high number of gang members have been incarcerated. A high number of the countries with the highest homicide rate are located in Latin America. Prisoners in the United StatesThe United States is home to the largest number of prisoners worldwide. More than 1.8 million people were incarcerated in the U.S. at the beginning of 2025. In China, the estimated prison population totaled 1.69 million people that year. Other nations had far fewer prisoners. The largest share of the U.S. prisoners in federal correctional facilities were of African-American origin. As of 2020, there were 345,500 black, non-Hispanic prisoners, compared to 327,300 white, non-Hispanic inmates. The U.S. states with the largest number of prisoners in 2022 were Texas, California, and Florida. Over 160,000 prisoners in state facilities were sentenced for rape or sexual assault, which was the most common cause of imprisonment. The second most common was murder, followed by aggravated or simple assault.

At the beginning of 2025, the United States had the highest number of incarcerated individuals worldwide, with around 1.8 million people in prison. China followed with around 100,000 fewer prisoners. Brazil followed in third. The incarceration problem in the U.S. The United States has an incredibly high number of incarcerated individuals. Therefore, the incarceration problem has become a widely contested issue, because it impacts disadvantaged people and minorities the most. Additionally, the prison system has become capitalized by outside corporations that fund prisons, but there is still a high cost to taxpayers. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the amount of private prisons that have been created. For-profit prison companies have come under scrutiny because of their lack of satisfactory staff and widespread lobbying. Violent offenses are the most common type of offense among prisoners in the U.S. Incarceration rates worldwide El Salvador had the highest rate of incarceration worldwide, at 1,659 prisoners per 100,000 residents as of February 2025. Cuba followed in second with 794 prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants. The incarceration rate is a better measure to use when comparing countries than the total prison populations, which will naturally have the most populous countries topping the list.

In 2023 Turkey had the highest incarceration rate among European countries, at 408 prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants, followed by Georgia, which had an incarceration of 256. The country with the lowest incarceration rate in this year was Liechtenstein, which had 15 people in prison for every 100,000 inhabitants. Germany had one of the lowest rates of 69 when compared with other major European countries such as France and England & Wales, which had rates of 106 and 136 respectively. The Russian Federation has in previous years been the country with the highest incarceration rate in the Council of Europe's data, however, as the country was removed as a member of the council in 2022 due to their invasion of Ukraine, data for Russia is no longer available.

The United Nations International Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch began the Surveys of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (formerly known as the World Crime Surveys) in 1978. The goal of the data collection effort was to conduct a more focused inquiry into the incidence of crime worldwide. To date, there have been five quinquennial surveys, covering the years 1970-1975, 1975-1980, 1980-1986, 1986-1990, and 1990-1994, respectively. Starting with the 1980 data, the waves overlap by one year to allow for reliability and validity checks of the data. For this data collection, the original United Nations data were restructured into a standard contemporary file structure, with each file consisting of all data for one year. Naming conventions were standardized, and each country and each variable was given a unique identifying number. Crime variables include counts of recorded crime for homicide, assault, rape, robbery, theft, burglary, fraud, embezzlement, drug trafficking, drug possession, bribery, and corruption. There are also counts of suspects, persons prosecuted, persons convicted, and prison admissions by crime, gender, and adult or juvenile status. Other variables include the population of the country and largest city, budgets and salaries for police, courts, and prisons, and types of sanctions, including imprisonment, corporal punishment, deprivation of liberty, control of freedom, warning, fine, and community sentence. The countries participating in the survey and the variables available vary by year.

This study assessed the effects of male inmate religiosity on post-release community adjustment and investigated the circumstances under which these effects were most likely to take place. The researcher carried out this study by adding Federal Bureau of Investigation criminal history information to an existing database (Clear et al.) that studied the relationship between an inmate's religiousness and his adjustment to the correctional setting. Four types of information were used in this study. The first three types were obtained by the original research team and included an inmate values and religiousness instrument, a pre-release questionnaire, and a three-month post-release follow-up phone survey. The fourth type of information, official criminal history reports, was later added to the original dataset by the principal investigator for this study. The prisoner values survey collected information on what the respondent would do if a friend sold drugs from the cell or if inmates of his race attacked others. Respondents were also asked if they thought God was revealed in the scriptures, if they shared their faith with others, and if they took active part in religious services. Information collected from the pre-release questionnaire included whether the respondent attended group therapy, religious groups with whom he would live, types of treatment programs he would participate in after prison, employment plans, how often he would go to church, whether he would be angry more in prison or in the free world, and whether he would be more afraid of being attacked in prison or in the free world. Each inmate also described his criminal history and indicated whether he thought he was able to do things as well as most others, whether he was satisfied with himself on the whole or felt that he was a failure, whether religion was talked about in the home, how often he attended religious services, whether he had friends who were religious while growing up, whether he had friends who were religious while in prison, and how often he participated in religious inmate counseling, religious services, in-prison religious seminars, and community service projects. The three-month post-release follow-up phone survey collected information on whether the respondent was involved with a church group, if the respondent was working for pay, if the respondent and his household received public assistance, if he attended religious services since his release, with whom the respondent was living, and types of treatment programs attended. Official post-release criminal records include information on the offenses the respondent was arrested and incarcerated for, prior arrests and incarcerations, rearrests, outcomes of offenses of rearrests, follow-up period to first rearrest, prison adjustment indicator, self-esteem indicator, time served, and measurements of the respondent's level of religious belief and personal identity. Demographic variables include respondent's faith, race, marital status, education, age at first arrest and incarceration, and age at incarceration for rearrest.

Colombia: Number of prisoners per 100,000 people: The latest value from 2017 is 244 prisoners per 100,000 people, unchanged from 244 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2016. In comparison, the world average is 182 prisoners per 100,000 people, based on data from 146 countries. Historically, the average for Colombia from 2003 to 2017 is 192 prisoners per 100,000 people. The minimum value, 137 prisoners per 100,000 people, was reached in 2006 while the maximum of 254 prisoners per 100,000 people was recorded in 2013.

The Netherlands: Number of prisoners per 100,000 people: The latest value from 2017 is 61 prisoners per 100,000 people, a decline from 64 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2015. In comparison, the world average is 182 prisoners per 100,000 people, based on data from 146 countries. Historically, the average for the Netherlands from 2003 to 2017 is 87 prisoners per 100,000 people. The minimum value, 61 prisoners per 100,000 people, was reached in 2017 while the maximum of 116 prisoners per 100,000 people was recorded in 2004.

Bermuda: Number of prisoners per 100,000 people: The latest value from 2014 is 369 prisoners per 100,000 people, a decline from 429 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2012. In comparison, the world average is 180 prisoners per 100,000 people, based on data from 160 countries. Historically, the average for Bermuda from 2003 to 2014 is 449 prisoners per 100,000 people. The minimum value, 369 prisoners per 100,000 people, was reached in 2014 while the maximum of 560 prisoners per 100,000 people was recorded in 2004.

As of December 2022, there was a total of 139,631 prisoners in the state of Texas, the most out of any state. California, Florida, Georgia, and Ohio rounded out the top five states with the most prisoners in the United States.

Abstract This is a scoping review of the literature on actions taken by countries during 2020 regarding the care for people living in the prison environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected 54 publications for data mining and found data from 45 countries, which were organized into categories. Most of the literature addressed strategies adopted by countries with advanced economies. All of them mentioned some strategies to reduce viral transmission - the major ones were restricted/suspended family visits and desincarceration - and interventions to improve infrastructures in prisons, the provision of a telephone or other devices for calls or video calls being the most mentioned. Policies to mitigate the effects of the epidemic and interventions were found in publications referencing 33 countries, with the main focus on keeping family contact and reviewing the public safety policy. Concerning governance policies, measures from 11 countries were reported, and the most cited was national authority reinforcement. This study highlights the need for research on the success of each strategy and the differences among those countries.

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Prison Management Systems Market Size 2025-2029

The prison management systems market size is forecast to increase by USD 412.2 billion, at a CAGR of 5.8% between 2024 and 2029.

Prison management systems have witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by key trends such as innovative upgrades to software and increasing government expenditure on public safety. These systems help manage various aspects of prison operations, including inmate records, security, and rehabilitation programs. However, the high implementation and maintenance costs remain a challenge for the market. The adoption of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and biometric identification is expected to enhance the functionality and efficiency of prison management systems. Additionally, the growing focus on reducing recidivism rates and improving prison conditions will further fuel market growth. Despite these opportunities, the high initial investment and ongoing expenses associated with implementing and maintaining these systems may hinder market expansion.

What will be the size of the Market During the Forecast Period?

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Prison management systems have become an essential component of correctional facilities worldwide. These systems facilitate effective inmate management, ensuring the safety and security of staff and inmates. Key functionalities include inmate information management, tracking, and scheduling for visitation, medical records, and incident reporting. Security is a top priority in prison management, with biometric systems playing a significant role. Fingerprint scans or facial recognition technology help maintain accurate records of prisoners, enhancing security and reducing the risk of escapes. Biometric identification also streamlines staff management, ensuring only authorized personnel access restricted areas. Financial management is another crucial aspect of prison management systems.
These solutions enable efficient tracking of commissary sales, inmate funds, and other financial transactions. Analysis and reporting features provide valuable insights into prison operations, enabling prison authorities to make data-driven decisions. Communication is essential for maintaining order and safety within correctional facilities. Prison management systems offer features like instant messaging and email services, allowing staff to coordinate effectively and respond promptly to inmate requests or emergencies. CCTV cameras and software solutions further bolster security by providing real-time monitoring and recording capabilities. Medical facility management and case management modules ensure that inmates receive proper care and attention, while incident reporting features help prison authorities maintain records of disciplinary actions and rehabilitation programs.

How is this market segmented and which is the largest segment?

The market research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Deployment

  On-premises
  Cloud-based


Component

  Solution
  Services


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France


  APAC

    China
    India


  Middle East and Africa



  South America

    Brazil

By Deployment Insights

The on-premises segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the market, on-premises deployment is an option where organizations purchase and install the software on their servers. IT specialists manage and maintain it within the organization. However, the market share for this segment is projected to decrease due to the high cost of implementation and limited scalability. On-premises systems are typically priced under a one-time perpetual license fee, which includes recurring charges for support, training, and updates. Prisons also bear additional expenses for monitoring, maintenance, upgrades, and end-user training. companies offer installation, data migration, and employee training services during implementation. Key features of on-premises prison management systems include visitation scheduling, medical records management, incident reporting, commissary management, safety and security, suicide prevention, advanced security equipment, smart locks, video surveillance, intrusion detection, alarms & notifications, and prisoner information management with biometric details.

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The on-premises segment was valued at USD 626.60 million in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 36% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's ana

Jail Management Software Market size was valued at USD 756.56 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 1040.76 Million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 5.45% during the forecast period 2024-2030.

Global Jail Management Software Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Jail Management Software Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Growing Number of Prisoners: The demand for cutting-edge JMS solutions is driven by the growing prison population and the requirement for effective management of correctional facilities. The need for technologies that can expedite administrative procedures is growing as the number of inmates in prisons rises. Governmental Modernization Initiatives: Governments and law enforcement organisations are spending money to update their jail infrastructure. This includes implementing technological solutions to improve data management, general security, and operational efficiency, such as JMS. Put Public Safety First: The emphasis on security and safety for the general public leads to the use of cutting edge technology in correctional facilities. JMS assists in keeping the peace, monitoring prisoners, and guaranteeing the security of both personnel and inmates. Connectivity with Different Systems: The JMS is becoming more integrated with other criminal justice and law enforcement institutions. The criminal justice system functions more effectively overall when databases, biometric systems, and other security technology are integrated seamlessly. Compliance and Data Security: Adoption of JMS solutions is fueled by growing concerns about data security and the requirement for regulatory compliance. These systems frequently have components that guarantee the safe management of private prisoner data and adherence to legal requirements regarding privacy. Effectiveness and Economical Benefits: JMS facilitates the automation of numerous manual tasks, lowers the amount of paperwork, and boosts overall operational effectiveness. For correctional facilities, this can therefore result in financial savings. Technological Progress: Continuous technological developments, such the incorporation of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in JMS, enhance analytics, boost predictive capacities, and facilitate better decision-making in correctional facilities. Cloud-Based Programmes: Law enforcement agencies may handle and retrieve data more effectively with the flexibility, scalability, and accessibility provided by cloud-based JMS systems. Emphasis on Rehab Initiatives: Programmes for prisoners' rehabilitation and reintegration are receiving more attention. JMS can be used to monitor and oversee these initiatives, which helps to achieve the overarching objective of lowering recidivism.

Denmark: Number of prisoners per 100,000 people: The latest value from 2017 is 63 prisoners per 100,000 people, an increase from 60 prisoners per 100,000 people in 2016. In comparison, the world average is 182 prisoners per 100,000 people, based on data from 146 countries. Historically, the average for Denmark from 2003 to 2017 is 67 prisoners per 100,000 people. The minimum value, 57 prisoners per 100,000 people, was reached in 2015 while the maximum of 75 prisoners per 100,000 people was recorded in 2005.

Prison Management Systems Market Outlook

The global prison management systems market size is projected to grow significantly from USD 2.5 billion in 2023 to USD 5.6 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.3%. This growth is driven by the increasing need for efficient management of prison facilities and the rising adoption of advanced technologies in correctional facilities worldwide. Factors such as heightened security concerns, the increasing inmate population, and the demand for improved operational efficiency are key contributors to the market's expansion.

One of the primary growth factors for the prison management systems market is the rising inmate population globally. Overcrowding in prisons has become a critical issue, necessitating the adoption of advanced management systems to ensure efficient administration and resource allocation. These systems help in streamlining various prison operations, such as inmate tracking, facility management, and administrative tasks, thereby reducing the burden on prison staff and enhancing overall efficiency. Additionally, governments worldwide are increasingly investing in modernizing prison infrastructure, further propelling the market's growth.

Another significant growth driver is the increasing focus on enhancing security within correctional facilities. With rising threats of prison breaks, contraband smuggling, and violence within prisons, there is a growing need for robust security management solutions. Prison management systems equipped with advanced security features, such as surveillance cameras, biometric identification, and automated access control, are being widely adopted to ensure the safety and security of inmates and prison staff. These systems not only help in monitoring and controlling prison activities but also provide real-time data and analytics for better decision-making.

The integration of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing, is also playing a crucial role in the growth of the prison management systems market. AI-powered analytics and machine learning algorithms enable predictive analysis and proactive management of prison operations, while IoT devices facilitate real-time monitoring and control of various prison activities. Cloud-based prison management systems offer scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, making them an attractive option for correctional facilities looking to modernize their operations. These technological advancements are expected to drive the market's growth further in the coming years.

In the realm of correctional facility management, the Patrol Management System emerges as a pivotal component in ensuring the safety and security of both inmates and staff. These systems are designed to streamline the process of monitoring and managing patrol activities within prison environments. By providing real-time data and analytics, a Patrol Management System enhances the efficiency of security operations, allowing for better resource allocation and quicker response times to incidents. This technological advancement is becoming increasingly essential as correctional facilities seek to maintain high standards of security while managing growing inmate populations. The integration of such systems not only aids in preventing security breaches but also supports the overall objective of creating a safer correctional environment.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the prison management systems market during the forecast period, owing to the high adoption rate of advanced technologies and substantial government investments in prison infrastructure. The presence of major market players and the increasing focus on prison reforms are further contributing to the market's growth in this region. Europe is anticipated to follow North America in terms of market share, driven by stringent regulations and policies aimed at improving prison management and security. The Asia Pacific region is projected to witness significant growth, primarily due to the increasing number of prison facilities and the rising focus on enhancing prison infrastructure.

Component Analysis

The prison management systems market is segmented by component into software, hardware, and services. The software segment is expected to hold the largest market share during the forecast period, driven by the increasing demand for advanced prison management software solutions. Th

Correctional System Market Outlook

The global correctional system market size was valued at approximately USD 5.8 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 10.6 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.9% from 2024 to 2032. This growth is primarily driven by technological advancements and the increasing need for efficient prison management systems. The adoption of innovative technologies such as AI, IoT, and cloud computing within correctional facilities is expected to streamline operations, enhance security measures, and improve rehabilitation programs, thus contributing to market expansion.

One of the primary factors fueling the growth of the correctional system market is the rising emphasis on enhancing operational efficiency and security within correctional facilities. As prison populations continue to grow, there is an increased need for systems that can manage inmate information, monitor activities, and ensure compliance with regulations. Advanced software solutions that offer real-time data analytics and automation are becoming essential tools for governmental agencies and private operators alike. Furthermore, the integration of AI and machine learning technologies is aiding in predictive analytics, helping authorities to anticipate and prevent potential security breaches.

Another significant growth factor is the increasing focus on rehabilitation and community corrections programs. Modern correctional systems are gradually shifting from punitive approaches to rehabilitative and restorative justice models. This shift necessitates the implementation of comprehensive rehabilitation programs that can effectively address the psychological, educational, and vocational needs of inmates. Consequently, there is a growing demand for software and services designed to manage these programs, track progress, and measure outcomes. Additionally, community corrections, which involve supervised probation and parole, are gaining traction, requiring robust systems to manage and monitor individuals outside traditional prison environments.

The expansion of cloud-based solutions is also playing a pivotal role in driving market growth. Cloud deployment offers numerous advantages, including cost-effectiveness, scalability, and ease of access to data from multiple locations. This is particularly beneficial for large-scale correctional facilities and government agencies that manage multiple prisons. By leveraging cloud technology, these institutions can ensure seamless communication, data sharing, and real-time updates across different facilities. Moreover, the shift towards cloud-based solutions is supported by advancements in data security measures, which are crucial for handling sensitive inmate information.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the correctional system market, driven by substantial investments in prison infrastructure and technology adoption. The United States, in particular, is a major contributor due to its large prison population and stringent regulatory requirements. Europe follows closely, with countries like the UK, Germany, and France focusing on modernizing their correctional facilities and enhancing rehabilitation efforts. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, attributed to growing government initiatives to improve prison management and the increasing adoption of advanced technologies in countries like China, India, and Japan.

Component Analysis

In the correctional system market, the component segmentation involves hardware, software, and services. Each of these components plays a critical role in enhancing the efficiency and security of correctional facilities. The hardware segment includes surveillance systems, biometric devices, and communication systems. Surveillance systems, such as CCTV cameras and motion detectors, are essential for maintaining security within prisons. Biometric devices, including fingerprint scanners and facial recognition systems, are increasingly being adopted to ensure accurate identification and reduce the risk of impersonation. Communication systems, such as inmate telephone services and video conferencing, facilitate secure communication between inmates and their families, legal representatives, and prison staff.

The software segment encompasses management software, inmate tracking systems, and rehabilitation management software. Management software is designed to streamline various administrative tasks, such as inmate record-keeping, incident reporting, and resource allocation. Inmate tracking systems utilize tec

The Prison Management Systems market has emerged as a critical segment within the broader realm of correctional facility operations, focusing on enhancing the efficiency and security of institutions responsible for the custody and rehabilitation of inmates. These sophisticated systems integrate various functions, in

Manzanar is one of ten World War II camps associated with the US government's incarceration of over 120,000 Japanese Americans forcibly removed from the West Coast in the name of national security. The few structures that remain at the site serve as reminders of democracy's fragility in times of conflict. To further illuminate this history, CyArk worked with the National Park Service to create an accurate 3D digital reconstruction of the World War II camp. CyArk used laser scanning and photogrammetry to document the site's buildings and topographical features including the historic cemetery monument and excavated rock gardens. They processed the data in combination with historical records to digitally reconstruct what the camp would have looked like during World War II. The reconstruction provides a unique opportunity for people to connect with this difficult history and ensure that it is never forgotten. During World War II, a barbed wire fence and eight guard towers enclosed Manzanar's one-square-mile living space that at its peak confined just over 11,000 people. Many recall with fear how spotlights from the guard towers would shine in their barrack windows during the night. While the construction of the camp reflects how Japanese Americans were stripped of their basic rights and freedoms, the features on the landscape today also show how people created a diverse community and remained resilient in the face of hardship. A woman's statement recorded during World War II reveals the complexities people faced suddenly being incarcerated with thousands of strangers. "I often sit and wonder how I ever came to be in a camp full of Japanese, aliens and citizens alike, with nothing much in common between them and myself except the color of our skins. What had I, or...the rest of them done, to be thrown in camp?...I suppose the only answer is, the accident of my birth-my ancestry."The diversity of people confined at Manzanar can be seen in the landscape. Remnants of one of many baseball diamonds echo days where hundreds of people would gather to cheer on their favorite Manzanar team. While the landscape reveals pieces of its layered past, the site and its history remain an important lens for visitors in understanding the world today. External Project Link: https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/iwKyWCBva87GKQ Additional Info Link: https://cyark.org/projects/manzanar-war-relocation-center

Due to a hardening of penal sensibilities and more stringent sentencing practices (mainly as a result of the 2003 Criminal Justice Act), a growing number of prisoners are serving extremely long life sentences from an early age. The UK has more life-sentenced prisoners per 100,000 of population than any other country in Europe (including Russia), and a higher proportion of life sentenced prisoners within its total sentenced prison population (10%) than any other European country or the US. The average minimum sentence length for mandatory life sentences has risen significantly in recent years. By the end of December 2018, there were 3,624 prisoners serving life sentences with tariffs of 10-20 years, and 1,862 with tariffs of more than twenty years (Ministry of Justice, 2019).

These prisoners have to endure and adapt to periods inside prison that are often longer than their lives as free citizens, while maturing into adulthood in an environment that does not allow, or is hardly conducive to, normal adult experiences. Following on from an earlier study of long-term imprisonment (grant: ES/J007935/1), undertaken from 2011-2014, this research constituted an unprecedented opportunity to enhance our understanding of the dynamics and effects of long-term confinement. Its primary aims were, first, to meet Kazemian and Travis's (2015) call for longitudinal insight into the experience, dynamics and effects of long-term confinement, including the ways in which the lives, priorities and relationships of people serving life sentences change over time; second, to focus more closely on some of the key themes and findings from our original study, in particular, the ways in which individuals engage reflexively with their sentence, their index offence and their sense of self; and, third, to explore the concept of the 'depth of imprisonment' - put simply, the relationship and polarity between the prison and the outside world - that is of particular relevance for this group of prisoners.

Interviews were undertaken, and surveys re-administered, with as many of our original sample as possible. Overall, this amounted to 120 of 146 initial participants, 100 in prison (out of 110 still in custody when fieldwork began) and 20 (out of 29) who had been released into the community on life licence.

The research offers insight into the nature and impact of long-term imprisonment, at a time when practitioners, pressure groups and policymakers are particularly interested in the custodial and post-custodial experiences of this expanding group. It contributes significantly to a sparse and outdated research literature on the experiences of life-sentenced prisoners, serving extremely long sentences. In doing so, it addresses fundamental questions about identity, coping and humanity under intense duress, and about the lived outcomes of the most extreme form of state punishment.

The Fifth United Nations Survey, covering the years 1990-1994, was designed to collect data on the incidence of reported crime and the operation of criminal justice systems with a view to improving the dissemination of that information globally. To that end, the survey facilitates an overview of trends and interrelationships among various parts of the criminal justice system to promote informed decision-making in its administration, nationally and crossnationally. Variables describe combined police and prosecution expenditure by year and by country, number of police personnel by gender, total number of homicides by country and by city, number of assaults, rapes, robberies, thefts, burglaries, frauds, and embezzlements, amount of drug crime, number of people formally charged with crime, age of suspects, number and gender of prosecutors, number of individuals prosecuted and the types of crimes prosecuted, gender and age of individuals prosecuted, types of courts, number of individuals convicted and acquitted, numbers sentenced to capital punishment and various other punishments, number of convictions on various charges, number of individuals sentenced and in detention, number of prisoners, sentence lengths, and prison demographics.