SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES VETERAN STATUS - DP02 Universe - Civilian population 18 Year and over Survey-Program - American Community Survey 5-year estimates Years - 2020, 2021, 2022 Veteran status is used to identify people with active duty military service and service in the military Reserves and the National Guard. Veterans are men and women who have served (even for a short time), but are not currently serving, on active duty in the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or the Coast Guard, or who served in the U.S. Merchant Marine during World War II. People who served in the National Guard or Reserves are classified as veterans only if they were ever called or ordered to active duty, not counting the 4-6 months for initial training or yearly summer camps.

Over the course of the Second World War approximately 127.2 million people were mobilized. The world's population in 1940 was roughly 2.3 billion, meaning that between five and six percent of the world was drafted into the military in some capacity. Approximately one in every 25 people mobilized were women, who generally served in an administrative or medical role, although hundreds of thousands of women did see active combat. Largest armies In absolute numbers, the Soviet Union mobilized the largest number of people at just under 34.5 million, and this included roughly 35 percent of the USSR's male population. By the war's end, more Soviets were mobilized than all European Axis powers combined. However, in relative terms, it was Germany who mobilized the largest share of its male population, with approximately 42 percent of men serving. The USSR was forced to find a balance between reinforcing its frontlines and maintaining agricultural and military production to supply its army (in addition to those in annexed territory after 1941), whereas a large share of soldiers taken from the German workforce were replaced by workers drafted or forcibly taken from other countries (including concentration camp prisoners and PoWs). Studying the figures The figures given in these statistics are a very simplified and rounded overview - in reality, there were many nuances in the number of people who were effectively mobilized for each country, their roles, and their status as auxiliary, collaborative, or resistance forces. The British Empire is the only power where distinctions are made between the metropole and its colonies or territories, whereas breakdowns of those who fought in other parts of Asia or Africa remains unclear. Additionally, when comparing this data with total fatalities, it is important to account for the civilian death toll, i.e. those who were not mobilized.

With more than 1,500 individual entries, this is the inaugural instalment of my research database collated in the framework of the Project Forgotten Soldiers: Jewish Military Experience in the Habsburg Monarchy. This is an open access database, and everyone is welcome to use it according to their own scholarly and personal interests. In 1,189 cases we have official documented records confirming the soldiers were Jewish. In another 313 entries I was able to identify likely Jewish soldiers based on circumstantial evidence cross-referencing names and places of birth, with the presence of confirmed Jewish soldiers drafted into the same units as part of the same recruitment drive. This dataset further includes evidence for 156 spouses and 47 children. While military records do mentions these, their number suggests that the Habsburg army preferred to enlist unmarried men.

The database is structured in a similar way to an official individual entry in the Habsburg military records. These were arranged in tables, with soldiers listed by seniority. Name, place and land of birth are followed by age and religion. This latter rubric allows identifying the bulk of the Jewish soldiers. Also included in the record is marital status, profession (if any), number, names and ages of children (if any), followed by a short summary text of the soldier’s service itinerary. While not always consistent in detail, these texts mention enlistment dates, transfers between units, promotions, desertions, periods as prisoner of war and military awards (if any). I have taken the material from the personal records and added several additional parameters:

• The soldiers are entered into the database according to their date of enlistment. This is followed by a colour-coded table showing their years of service. To see the meaning of the different colours employed, scroll to the legend at the end of the dataset.
• Following the years of service, we see the date when the soldier left service (final year in service for incomplete service records). When known, the reason the soldier left the army is given (discharge/ death/ desertion etc).
• Then come the three most important columns within the table: service record, primary sources and units. At first glance, these columns have only a few letters and numbers, but bring your mouse courser onto the relevant field marked with red triangles. An additional window will then open:

a. Service Record: Shows the entire service record of the soldier arranged by date. I use original German as it appears in the archival records. If you see spelling differences with modern German – they are there for a reason.

b. Primary Sources: Provides the information on all the archival records consulted to reconstruct the service itinerary. The number in the field denotes the number of the archival cartons consulted.

c. Units: Number of units in which a soldier serves. Bringing the cursor on to the field will open their list. Most Jewish soldiers served in the line infantry (IR) and the Military Transport Corps (MFWK or MFK). However, there were also Jewish sharpshooters, cavalrymen, gunners and even a few members of the nascent Austrian Navy.

• The next two columns provide entries of the soldier’s conduct and medical condition, which in Habsburg military jargon was referred to rather callously as Defekten. I note the original medical diagnoses verbatim. When possible to identify, I note the modern medical term.
• General database-wide parameters are then noted in the next part of the table. Among others, it provides information on enlistment type (conscript/ volunteer?), main branches of service (such as Infantry/ Cavalry/ Artillery), and roles within the military (such as non-commissioned officers/ drummers/ medics).
• Concluding this part of the table are columns covering desertions, periods as prisoner of war and awards of the army cannon cross (for veterans of 1813-14) and other military awards.
• The last column provides the original German outtake rubric as to how the soldier left service. In special cases, additional service notes are provides on the right.

How to use this dataset

This depends on what you are looking for. Firstly, download the dataset on to your computer via the link provided below. It is a simple Excel file which is easy to work with. If you wish to find out whether one of your ancestors served in the Habsburg army, use a simple keyword search. Please note that in our period there was no single accepted orthography meaning that some letters were used interchangeably (for instance B/P; D/T). There were also various patronymic suffices used in different parts of the monarchy (-witz in German/ -wicz in Polish/ -vits in Hungarian). Habsburg military clerks were mostly German speakers who often recorded the name phonetically. For instance, Jankel/ Jankl/ Jacob/ Jacobus all denote the same name. A Jewish teenager who identified himself as Moische when first reporting to duty, may have stayed so in the military records for decades, even if he was already a non-commissioned officer whose subordinates referred to as Herr Corporal.

If you study the history of concrete Jewish communities, use the keyword search and the filter option to find entries in the database where this locality is mentioned. Some places like Prague and Lublin could be identified effortlessly. In other cases (and see the above point on German-speaking clerks), place names were recorded phonetically. The military authority usually stuck to official Polish names in Galicia, and Hungarian in the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephan. In reality, a Jewish recruit from Transcarpathian Ruthenia could have his place of birth recorded in Hungarian, Romanian or Rusin. When I could not identify the place in question, I marked it with italics. Do you think you identified something I could not? Excellent! Then please write me, and I will correct the entry in the next instalment of this database.

I should stress that, currently, the database is not statistically representative. I have worked chronologically, meaning that there are disproportionally more entries for Jewish soldiers from the Turkish War, the first two Coalition Wars, and the Wars of 1805 and 1809. If you look at some of my other databases (for instance, that of the 1st Line Infantry Regiment 'Kaiser'), you will find least as many Jews who served in the wars of 1813-15. I will cover these in due course. This said, using the filter option of the Excel sheet, you can already make some individual queries. For instance, did Jewish grenadiers meet the minimal height requirement to be eligible for transfer into the elite infantry? (Hint: they did not!) If you are interested in the historical study of nutritional standards, compare the height of the soldiers with their year and place of birth. In my other project, I made calculations of the average height of Habsburg soldiers and I can already reveal that Jewish conscripts were, on average, several centimetres smaller than their non-Jewish comrades drafted in the same annual intake. Whatever stereotypes said, most Jews in the Habsburg Monarchy around 1800 were very poor and the sad fact of malnutrition as a child is reflected in their height as adults.

I should stress that this is a cumulative database. ZENODO has an excellent feature allowing updated versions to supersede earlier files while retaining the same DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and metadata. As my research progresses, I plan to upload new versions of this database bi-annually. This includes not only adding new entries, but also expanding and correcting existing ones. It might well be that the service record of a soldier covered up to 1806 will be brought to a later date, possibly even to his discharge from the army. If you have not found whom you are looking for, or if you want to work with larger samples for your research, visit this page again in a few months’ time. And if you do use this database for scholarly research (by all means, please do), do not forget to cite it as you would cite any other item in your bibliography! If you are a museum professional and you want to employ material from your database to illustrate your exhibitions, you are welcome, but please cite this resource for others to learn. Links to this database will also be appreciated.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

The European State Finance Database (ESFD) is an international collaborative research project for the collection of data in European fiscal history. There are no strict geographical or chronological boundaries to the collection, although data for this collection comprise the period between c.1200 to c.1815. The purpose of the ESFD was to establish a significant database of European financial and fiscal records. The data are drawn from the main extant sources of a number of European countries, as the evidence and the state of scholarship permit. The aim was to collect the data made available by scholars, whether drawing upon their published or unpublished archival research, or from other published material.
The ESFD project at the University of Leicester serves also to assist scholars working with the data by providing statistical manipulations of data and high quality graphical outputs for publication. The broad aim of the project was to act as a facilitator for a general methodological and statistical advance in the area of European fiscal history, with data capture and the interpretation of data in key publications as the measurable indicators of that advance. The data were originally deposited at the UK Data Archive in SAS transport format and as ASCII files; however, data files in this new edition have been saved as tab delimited files. Furthermore, this new edition features documentation in the form of a single file containing essential data file metadata, source details and notes of interest for particular files.

Main Topics:

The files in this dataset relate to the datafiles held in the Leicester database in the directory /armies/*.*. The interest of this data in the longer term is to build up a run of statistics for the period of the so-called military revolution'. This was a decisive factor in the increase of state expenditure on war and the creation of the so-calledfiscal military state'. It may also be possible to build up, in the longer term, calculations of a relative state efficiency (expenditure in terms of army size), relative state mobilization (army size in terms of overall population levels) and an index of state expenditure in real terms (via the cost of payment of armies).
File Information
g101arm1.* Sizes of armies of European states at various dates between 1660 and 1861

Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

In 2024, 61 percent of survey respondents in the United States said they had either a great deal or quite a lot of confidence in the military. This is a slight increase from the previous year, when 640percent of respondents had confidence in the U.S. military. Additionally, this is an increase of six points from 1975 levels, when only 58 percent of Americans had confidence in the military.

Military service status by Indigenous identity, age and gender of the population aged 17 years and over in private households.

In 1808, as it was preparing for a major new war against Napoleonic France, the armed forces of the Habsburg Monarchy were augmented by two additional recruitment systems. In parallel to the creation of a trained reserve, which significantly increased the manpower available to the regular army, a popular levy was raised in the Austro-Bohemian crown lands. With a strength of nearly 150 battalions, the Landwehr was intended primarily for national defence. Its individual battalions were formed on a strictly territorial basis, ensuring men from the same area would serve together. In March 1809, when general mobilisation was declared, members of the Landwehr were asked to offer themselves as war volunteers. In the Kingdom of Bohemia, six battalions of such volunteers were drawn out of a total of 50 Landwehr battalions. To emphasise that they were wartime formations and not part of the standing army, these volunteer battalions were formally designated either as Freikorps or as Freiwillige. The Bohemian Freikorps was named Legion Erzherzog Carl in honour of the Austrian commander-in-chief, Generalissimo Archduke Charles. Unlike the regular army and the Landwehr, the bulk of the Legion was made of genuine volunteers. The unit sustained heavy combat casualties, but relatively few of its soldiers were taken prisoner, deserted, or went missing. Despite the defeat of the Austrian army, the Legion's battalions maintained their combat effectiveness to the very end of the war.

Based on all available manpower reports preserved in the Austrian State Archives, this database covers all 16 documented Jewish soldiers of the Legion EH Carl. Apart from one veteran non-commissioned officer who was transferred from the regular army, the remaining Jewish soldiers volunteered from their respective Landwehr battalions or were exempt civilians who signed up directly into the unit. The detailed monthly tables enable the reconstruction of their entire service itineraries, almost on a daily basis. When considered together, the Jewish soldiers of the Legion appear to have been enthusiastic fighters. By the end of the war, half of them had either become casualties or had been promoted to non-commissioned officers. Contrary to many regular army and Landwehr units, the EH Carl Legion did not experience disciplinary disintegration. It was, therefore, able to retain most of its men during the retreats from Bavaria and from the Battle of Wagram. Hence, most of its Jewish soldiers survived the war and were honourably discharged when the Legion was dissolved in January 1810.

The remaining 25 entries cover all the documented Jewish soldiers who served in other volunteer formations of the Austrian army during the 1809 War. Similar to Bohemia, volunteers were raised from the 24 Landwehr Battalions of Moravia and Silesia. The service record of the Mährische-Schlesische Freiwillige was similar to that the Legion EH Carl. Its three battalions fought well, as did its eight Jewish soldiers. Very different was the experience of the three Free Battalions from Galicia where not enough local volunteers came forward. After failing to reach the desired strength at the start of the war, these units first took foreign mercenaries and deserters and then, when many of these ran away, had to resort to conscripts. The fifteen Jewish soldiers of the Galician battalions were just that - a combination of transferees from the regular army, foreigners (including a deserter from the French army), and later in the war, conscripts. Almost half of them had deserted before the battalions were disbanded. The Bukovina Freikorps actually had two stages: a popular levy, which was badly defeated by the advancing Poles and which was subsequently re-organised as an army-run Freikorps manned primarily by second echelon troops: border guards, garrison troops, and members of the deserter cordon. Each of these formations had a Jewish soldier. Both were volunteers, and one of them even came with his own horse.

It should be made clear that the 41 individual entries in this dataset cannot give a full picture of the Jewish presence in volunteer formations in 1809. Unusually, the enlistment papers of the six battalions of the Wiener Freiwillige, by far the best-known volunteer formation of the Austrian army, did not record the religion of the recruits. Any Jew who served in that unit would not be known to us. Furthermore, the experience of the Jewish members of the volunteer formations should be seen in wider context. It was colourful but unrepresentative. There were probably hundreds of Jews in the Landwehr and several thousands in the regular army. Collective enthusiasm to volunteer pro-actively for military service to prove a point, which occurred in Jewish communities of the Habsburg Monarchy later on and particular during the First World War, was still very far away.

For more information on the Austrian Volunteer Formations during the 1809 War, see:

Alfons von Wrede, Geschichte der k. und k. Wehrmacht, 5 Vols., (Vienna: Seidel, 1898–1905), Vol. 2, pp. 459-66.

For more information on the Legion EH Carl, see:

Anton Ernstberger, Böhmens Freiwilliger Kriegseinsatz gegen Napoleon 1809, Veröffentlichen des Collegium Carolinum 14, (Munich: Robert Lerche, 1963), pp. 9-55.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. To collect socio-economic data in order to investigate theories concerning the causes of coups. Main Topics: Variables Country, % population living in rural areas/working in agriculture 1970, % growth rate of GNP per capita (U.S. dollars) 1970, number of people for each physician 1970, % population illiterate 1970, number of radio sets/newspaper circulation per 1000 inhabitants 1970, density of population 1970, GNP per capita (U.S. dollars), % military personnel per 1000 population 1970, whether has own army, annual defence budget as % of GNP per capita 1970, extent of bilateral aid per capita (U.S. dollars), whether had coup d'etat 1950-1970, whether has been a colony for any period 1950-1970, whether has had coup previously, largest % population having same religion, whether had coup between 1960-1970, % population living in urban areas 1965, newspaper circulation per 1000 population 1965, number of people per physician 1965, % population having received education 1965, number of radio sets per 1000 population 1965, SNP per capita 1965 (U.S. dollars), whether had coup 1950-Jan 1971/1950-1966/1961-1966, number of riots since 1948-1967, number of major 'irregular power transfers' 1950-1968 (Taylor and Hudson), whether has military agreements with France 1950-1970, whether has had internal physical conflict on grounds of ethnic or language differences, whether receives aid, whether defends itself, whether became independent since 1 Jan 1966, number of major 'irregular power transfers' where a coup has taken place, major commodity exported as % of value of all exports 1968, whether product has one year gestation period, amount of external trade in relation to rest of world 1968 (U.S. dollars), major % exports to one country 1968, whether has trade with communist countries, whether ex-British/ex-French colony, whether has had monarch/emperor/sultan (not constitutional), whether has fought external war/civil war 1950-1970, whether has military agreements with U.S./U.K./U.S.S.R./ France, four major commodities exported as % of all exports, whether imports and exports major % of commodities from U.S.S.R./France/U.K./U.S.A. 1968.

This dataset, provided by the Chief of Military Personnel (CMP) annual report, includes a list of highest completed education levels by Officer (excluding Officer Cadets) and Non-Commissioned Members, from 1997 to 2018. CMP is responsible for the overall personnel management of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). They oversee recruitment, training, education, pay, benefits, health services, honours, history, casualty support, career transition services and a host of other corporate and personnel support services.

1801 traditionally marks the end of the Walloon troops in Austrian service. Signed in February that year, the Peace of Luneville forced the Habsburg Monarchy to finally accept the loss of the southern Netherlands to France. Within a few months the bulk of the former military establishment of the now lost provinces was moved to Galicia where they were allocated with new permanent conscription districts. Netherlandish officers continued to serve in the Habsburg army in disproportionately large numbers until the end of the Napoleonic Wars. However, we are told that the regiments themselves lost their connection to their homeland, and that while the Walloon designation was formally retained as late as 1816, the former Netherlandish régiments nationaux were no longer seen as such. Indeed, extant published histories of the Walloon units cut off in 1801.

The current dataset shows that the collective presence of Walloons in the Austrian Army was, in fact, far from over. Drawing on the entire papers of the annual muster of 1803 of the 30^th Line Infantry Regiment ‘De Ligne’, 431 individual entries have been collated. These comprise all Walloon members of the regiment, from its proprietor, the Prince De Ligne, up to the last private soldier. This group comprised almost one fifth of the regimental strength. Half were veterans of the Old Walloon establishment and dominated the upper ranks of both officers and NCOs. More significantly, for each of these ‘Old’ Walloons there was at least one ‘New’ Walloon. The latter derived from three sources.

• Firstly, sons of serving and former Walloon officers formed a dominant group among the subalterns.
• Secondly, sons of Walloon veterans mustered from the regimental boys' school were over-represented among the junior NCOs, some of whom rose to become officers.
• Finally, enlistment of men from the former Austrian Netherlands and other traditional recruitment areas of the Walloon troops was maintained. In spite of the possibility of raising foreign mercenaries more closely and more cheaply, the New Walloons comprised the majority of foreigners taken by the ‘De Ligne’ regiment after it had moved to Galicia.

The dataset shows clearly that the regiment favoured recruits from the former Habsburg Netherlands, supplemented by other foreign French and Dutch speakers. At least during the immediate aftermath of its re-classification as a Galician unit, the 30^th Line Infantry Regiment was actively trying to maintain its original composition and regimental identity.

This dataset, provided by the Chief of Military Personnel (CMP) annual report, outlines the count and percentage of various marital status types for officers and officer cadets (OCdts) from 1997-2022. CMP is responsible for the overall personnel management of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). They oversee recruitment, training, education, pay, benefits, health services, honours, history, casualty support, career transition services and a host of other corporate and personnel support services

The Departmental Results Framework (DRF) is the strategic view of Defence’s mandate, displaying its Core Responsibilities and key performance information. It represents the corporate framework used to demonstrate plans, achievements, expenditures and performance results. This helps Canadians and parliamentarians understand what we do, what we seek to achieve, and how we will determine if we have achieved it. This dataset presents DRF 6.1 entitled “Naval, Army, and Air Force Bases enable military operations and defence activities” and its indicator 6.1.1 entitled “ Percentage of single quarters accommodations that can be used”. This indicator shows the extent to which single quarters accommodations are available for use by members on Land Bases. The percentage represents the amount of single accommodations rooms available for use out of all the single accommodations.

“Slave Statistics” consists of 7,289 records derived from lists of enslaved individuals in Anne Arundel and Montgomery counties as of November 1, 1864, the date when the Constitution of 1864, which abolished slavery in the state of Maryland, took effect. Maryland remained in the Union during the Civil War, despite the divided loyalties of her people. Because Maryland was a Union state, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation did not free Maryland slaves. Many enslaved people, however, had taken advantage of the war's confusion to leave their enslavers earlier, some by joining the Union Army. Hoping that the federal government would repay the state's loyalty and compensate its citizens for the chattels lost, the General Assembly ordered that a listing be made of all slaveholders and their slaves as of November 1, 1864. The federal government never compensated the owners, but these records, called “Slave Statistics,” are the only evidence available of enslaved people and owners at the time of state emancipation. The Maryland State Archives retains the Slave Statistics reports for 1867-1869 for eight Maryland counties; the dataset includes information from two of the eight counties, Anne Arundel and Montgomery. The dataset includes all information on the original lists, including names of enslavers; county and district of residence; names of enslaved individuals and their physical condition, term of servitude, and Union Army service, including regiment; record date; and compensation (if applicable).

Multi-sectoral risk intervention model is a collaborative risk-based approach to address situations where individuals or families are experiencing a high level of risk. This is based on multiple risks factors that cross a number of different sectors and would be better managed through a holistic response. These models involve frontline service providers from a variety of agencies and sectors working together to develop a customized, multi-disciplinary intervention to help mitigate those risks. The Risk-driven Tracking Database (RTD) collects information from Situation Tables or similar multi-sectoral risk intervention models, which are regular meetings of frontline workers from a variety of government (e.g. Adult Probation and Parole Officers) and community partners (e.g. The Salvation Army). They identify individuals, families, groups or locations that are at an Acutely Elevated Risk (AER) of harm (i.e. risk of causing harm or being harmed in the near future), and work together through a multi-sectoral risk intervention to reduce those risks. Based on discussion, multi-sectoral agency partners will identify whether the threshold for acutely elevated risk has been met, in order to necessitate an intervention. If the threshold is not met, the discussion is "rejected”, and only limited data is collected in consistency with provincial privacy standards. Where a discussion is rejected, N/A may appear in the data row for Assisting Agencies, Risk Factors, Study Flags, Protective Factors, Affected Persons, and Services Mobilized etc., as this data must be redacted to conform with provincial privacy standards.

Data derived from weekly public opinion polls in the Netherlands in 1970 concerning social and political issues. Samples were drawn from the Dutch population aged 18 years and older.All data from the surveys held between 1962 and 2000 are available in the DANS data collections.Background variables:Sex / age / religion / income / vote recall latest elections / party preference / level of education / union membership / professional status / left-right rating / party alignment / province / degree of urbanization / weight factor.Topical variables:n7002: Broadcasting corporations having the best radio and TV program / Sympathy for particular broadcasting corporation / Having a subscription to a radio and TV guide.n7010: Opinions on reasons for a divorce / Adaptation of divorce legislation.n7011: Attitude towards recognition of the German Democratic Republic / Objectionable sex in cinema, on stage, on TV, in magazines / Preferred age for sex education / Sex education at primary schools and nursery schools / Prohibition on the selling of pornographic reading matter, for adults as well as minors.n7012: Should the government stay until the 1971 parliamentary elections / Extension of the suffrage to 18 years / Women liberation action group .n7013: Rain of titles on the Queen's birthday / Special liberation silver coin / Combination of political parties at parliamentary elections .n7017: Housing need problems in general / Respondent's housing need problems / Respondent's housing situation.n7019: Intermarriage Catholics and Protestants / Quality education by parents past and present / Members of family having beard, moustache, whiskers.n7022: Knowing specific political leaders / Confidence specific political leaders.n7023: Religious questions like belief in God, devil, heaven, hell, purgatory, life after death / Should the government stay until the 1971 parliamentary elections / Preferred politicians in next government / Preference for continuation of the present government after the elections.n7025: Whether there's racial discrimination in the Netherlands / Minimum and maximum speed limits for cars / Most admired living person .n7026: Extent of difference between progressiveness and conservatism / Progressiveness and conservatism of political parties / self rating concerning progressiveness and conservatism / Definition of progressive - and conservative politics.n7027: Knowledge of and sympathy for football clubs / Planned visits to football matches / Watching football matches on television / Reading about football matches in Monday newspapers / Biased commentaries on political, social and economic events at television and in newspapers.n7028: Belief in palm reading, astrology, clairvoyance, casting horoscopes / Successful people/ luck or abilities / Whether military expenditures should be raised or not.n7036: Visit of the Indonesian president Suharto.n7038: The queen's speech at the opening of the parliamentary year / Government budget-policy / When and where respondent spent holidays, in the Netherlands or abroad.n7039: Whether the United Nations Organization should become a more powerful organization / Constitution of a United Nations Organization peace army of 100.000 soldiers.n7042: Alliance of two Christian political parties in one Christian political party / Alliance of three Christian political parties into one political party.n7043: See file Standard_and_topical_variables_N704243.pdfn7046: Computer registration of individuals.n7052: Christmas celebration/ having a Christmas tree, church-attendance at Christmas night / Expectations concerning income in 1971 / Respondent's present income compared with income in last year / Cash limit strike initiated by the unions / Recent income measures by the government. Data derived from weekly public opinion polls in the Netherlands concerning social and political issues. Samples were drawn from the Dutch population aged 21 or 18 years and older. The weekly data are available as separate files in annual records, containing overviews of the standard background variables as well as the topical variables.The dataset 'NIPO weeksurveys 1962-2000 (Creator: R.N. Eisinga, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen' ) contains a cumulative datafile with a selection of the standard background variables: political party vote last election / political party vote intention / left-right political self-rating / union membership / sex / age / religious denomination / education / income / occupational status / province / municipality size and codes / postal code.

Abstract

The Integrated Household Survey is one of the primary instruments implemented by the Government of Malawi through the National Statistical Office (NSO) roughly every 3-5 years to monitor and evaluate the changing conditions of Malawian households. The IHS data have, among other insights, provided benchmark poverty and vulnerability indicators to foster evidence-based policy formulation and monitor the progress of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the goals listed as part of the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS) and now the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals
• Consumption expenditure commodities/items
• Communities
• Agricultural household/ Holder/ Crop
• Market

Universe

Members of the following households are not eligible for inclusion in the survey: • All people who live outside the selected EAs, whether in urban or rural areas. • All residents of dwellings other than private dwellings, such as prisons, hospitals and army barracks. • Members of the Malawian armed forces who reside within a military base. (If such individuals reside in private dwellings off the base, however, they should be included among the households eligible for random selection for the survey.) • Non-Malawian diplomats, diplomatic staff, and members of their households. (However, note that non-Malawian residents who are not diplomats or diplomatic staff and are resident in private dwellings are eligible for inclusion in the survey. The survey is not restricted to Malawian citizens alone.) • Non-Malawian tourists and others on vacation in Malawi.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The IHS5 sampling frame is based on the listing information and cartography from the 2018 Malawi Population and Housing Census (PHC); includes the three major regions of Malawi, namely North, Center and South; and is stratified into rural and urban strata. The urban strata include the four major urban areas: Lilongwe City, Blantyre City, Mzuzu City, and the Municipality of Zomba. All other areas are considered as rural areas, and each of the 27 districts were considered as a separate sub-stratum as part of the main rural stratum. The sampling frame further excludes the population living in institutions, such as hospitals, prisons and military barracks. Hence, the IHS5 strata are composed of 32 districts in Malawi.

A stratified two-stage sample design was used for the IHS5.

Note: Detailed sample design information is presented in the "Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020, Basic Information Document" document.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE The Household Questionnaire is a multi-topic survey instrument and is near-identical to the content and organization of the IHS3 and IHS4 questionnaires. It encompasses economic activities, demographics, welfare and other sectoral information of households. It covers a wide range of topics, dealing with the dynamics of poverty (consumption, cash and non-cash income, savings, assets, food security, health and education, vulnerability and social protection). Although the IHS5 household questionnaire covers a wide variety of topics in detail it intentionally excludes in-depth information on topics covered in other surveys that are part of the NSO’s statistical plan (such as maternal and child health issues covered at length in the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey).

AGRICULTURE QUESTIONNAIRE All IHS5 households that are identified as being involved in agricultural or livestock activities were administered the agriculture questionnaire, which is primarily modelled after the IHS3 counterpart. The modules are expanding on the agricultural content of the IHS4, IHS3, IHS2, AISS, and other regional agricultural surveys, while remaining consistent with the NACAL topical coverage and methodology. The development of the agriculture questionnaire was done with input from the aforementioned stakeholders who provided input on the household questionnaire as well as outside researchers involved in research and policy discussions pertaining to the Malawian agriculture. The agriculture questionnaire allows, among other things, for extensive agricultural productivity analysis through the diligent estimation of land areas, both owned and cultivated, labor and non-labor input use and expenditures, and production figures for main crops, and livestock. Although one of the major foci of the agriculture data collection effort was to produce smallholder production estimates for major crops, it is also possible to disaggregate the data by gender and main geographical regions. The IHS5 cross-sectional households supply information on the last completed rainy season (2017/2018 or 2018/2019) and the last completed dry season (2018 or 2019) depending on the timing of their interview.

FISHERIES QUESTIONNAIRE The design of the IHS5 fishery questionnaire is identical to the questionnaire designed for IHS3. The IHS3 fisheries questionnaire was informed by the design and piloting of a fishery questionnaire by the World Fish Center (WFC), which was supported by the LSMS-ISA project for the purpose of assembling a fishery questionnaire that could be integrated into multi-topic household-surveys. The WFC piloted the draft instrument in November 2009 in the Lower Shire region, and the NSO team considered the revised draft in designing the IHS5 fishery questionnaire.

COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE The content of the IHS5 Community Questionnaire follows the content of the IHS3 & IHS4 Community Questionnaires. A “community” is defined as the village or urban location surrounding the enumeration area selected for inclusion in the sample and which most residents recognize as being their community. The IHS5 community questionnaire was administered to each community associated with the cross-sectional EAs interviewed. Identical to the IHS3 and IHS4 approach, to a group of several knowledgeable residents such as the village headman, the headmaster of the local school, the agricultural field assistant, religious leaders, local merchants, health workers and long-term knowledgeable residents. The instrument gathers information on a range of community characteristics, including religious and ethnic background, physical infrastructure, access to public services, economic activities, communal resource management, organization and governance, investment projects, and local retail price information for essential goods and services.

MARKET QUESTIONNAIRE The Market Survey consisted of one questionnaire which is composed of four modules. Module A: Market Identification, Module B: Seasonal Main Crops, Module C: Permanents Crops, and Module D: Food Consumption.

Cleaning operations

DATA ENTRY PLATFORM To ensure data quality and timely availability of data, the IHS5 was implemented using the World Bank’s Survey Solutions CAPI software. To carry out IHS5, 1 laptop computer and a wireless internet router were assigned to each team supervisor, and each enumerator had an 8–inch GPS-enabled Lenovo tablet computer. The use of Survey Solutions allowed for the real-time availability of data as the completed data was completed, approved by the Supervisor and synced to the Headquarters server as frequently as possible. While administering the first module of the questionnaire the enumerator(s) also used their tablets to record the GPS coordinates of the dwelling units. In Survey Solutions, Headquarters can then see the location of the dwellings plotted on a map of Malawi to better enable supervision from afar – checking both the number of interviews performed and the fact that the sample households lie within EA boundaries. Geo-referenced household locations from that tablet complemented the GPS measurements taken by the Garmin eTrex 30 handheld devices and these were linked with publically available geospatial databases to enable the inclusion of a number of geospatial variables - extensive measures of distance (i.e. distance to the nearest market), climatology, soil and terrain, and other environmental factors - in the analysis.

The range and consistency checks built into the application was informed by the LSMS-ISA experience in previous IHS waves. Prior programming of the data entry application allowed for a wide variety of range and consistency checks to be conducted and reported and potential issues investigated and corrected before closing the assigned enumeration area. Headquarters (NSO management) assigned work to supervisors based on their regions of coverage. Supervisors then made assignments to the enumerators linked to their Supervisor account. The work assignments and syncing of completed interviews took place through a Wi-Fi connection to the IHS5 server. Because the data was available in real time it was monitored closely throughout the entire data collection period and upon receipt of the data at headquarters, data was exported to STATA for other consistency checks, data cleaning, and analysis.

DATA MANAGEMENT The IHS5 Survey Solutions CAPI based data entry application was designed to stream-line the data collection process from the field. IHS5 Interviews were collected in “sample” mode (assignments generated from headquarters) as opposed to “census” mode (new interviews created by interviewers from a template) for the NSO to have more control over the sample.

The range and consistency checks built into the application was informed by the LSMS-ISA experience in previous IHS waves. Prior programming of the data

This comparative research has examined two political insurgency cases: paramilitary groups in the Northern Ireland conflict and the Red Brigades in Italy; and two organised crime groups in Italy. By comparing illegal violent political groups and criminals this project has first shown the many variables affecting recruitment under the primary conditions dictated by violence and illegality when the size, the military strategy and the goal of the groups are substantially different. Second this research shows how despite those many differences common patterns of how organisations screen their recruits and how potential members signal their “fitness” to join can be identified. Primary and secondary data have been gathered from in-depth qualitative interviews, judicial reports, newspaper articles and published biographies. This dataset contains only the data for Bari, Italy with 740 male records and 161 female records. The aim of this project was to analyse recruitment into illegal organisations that use violence for political or criminal goals. While these groups differ in their aims, structures and constraints — and these differences must of course affect the way they recruit — they all share the need to find trustworthy, loyal and competent members. Moreover, the crude reality of life in the underworld, where there is little evidence of "loyalty amongst thieves" makes the need for a selection process more immediate and therefore clearer to observe. This project investigated recruitment from both `supply' and 'demand' perspective by addressing two core questions: what are the features of those who volunteer to join an illegal organisation and how recruiters and volunteers assess each other's trustworthiness This comparative research has examined two political insurgency cases: paramilitary groups in the Northern Ireland conflict and the Red Brigades in Italy; and two organised crime groups in Italy. By comparing illegal violent political groups and criminals this project has first shown the many variables affecting recruitment under the primary conditions dictated by violence and illegality when the size, the military strategy and the goal of the groups are substantially different. Second this research shows how despite those many differences common patterns of how organisations screen their recruits and how potential members signal their "fitness" to join can be identified. Four case studies were selected: (1) Catholic and Protestant paramilitary organizations in Northern Ireland: the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the Ulster Defence Army (UDA); (2) Italian Red Brigades; (3) Sicilian mafia (Cosa Nostra); (4) Organized crime groups in Apulia, southern Italy. These groups vary in their aims, structures, size and local constraints but they all share the need to find trustworthy, loyal and competent members under the key conditions of illegality, asymmetrical information, the use of violence, varying risks of infiltration and the high cost of error. Furthermore these groups have outlasted their rivals suggesting that they have relatively good solutions to the recruitment problems they face. They also share key similarities regarding their memberships: they maintain a key distinction between members and non-members; there is a formal initiation or ritual entry apart from the Red Brigades where membership was marked by the disclosure of the identity of other underground members; members have exclusive knowledge about the organisation; members are subject to a code of behaviour and they receive the protection of the organisation. Due to a lack of existing data this research has requited the large-scale collection, coding and analysis of primary and secondary data gathered from in-depth qualitative interviews, judicial reports, newspaper articles and published biographies. The following data have been collected: Northern Ireland: 40 qualitative interviews with IRA, UVF and UDA members; 10 interviews with the police and intelligence services; also data from biographies, newspaper and judicial reports. (150 individual cases). Red Brigades: Court papers of 17 RB trials (1980-1984); 32 qualitative interviews of former violent radical left wing militants from the Istituto Carlo Cattaneo DOTE archive in Bologna; 7 interviews released from secondary sources; 10 biographies of former RB members; additional data from biographies, newspaper and judicial reports. (470 individual cases). Organised Crime Groups: 13 qualitative interviews with social workers, judiciary and law and order officials; 51 state witness statements of former members of Cosa Nostra; 16 state witness statement of former members of an organized crime group in Apulia; Court papers of 25 major organized crime trials in Palermo and Bari 1984-2006; DIA annual reports 1998-2009; additional data from newspaper reports and the Commissione Parlamentare sul Fenomeno della mafia. (1738 individual cases) A total number of 3056 cases have been coded and entered into SPSS and Excel data sets to be deposited with ESDS. The qualitative interviews and digitalized judicial papers have been coded and analysed with the support of MAXQDA. Ethical Issues Interviews were anonymised and data held securely, the purpose of the research was made transparent to all interviewees and verbal rather than written consent was sought lest their association with the research questions could have left them vulnerable to the police or other security agencies. The British Sociological Association and University of Oxford ethical guidelines were conformed to throughout.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. The aim of Deaddocs: a bibliographical index is to provide information and references for medical and other historians, as well as for researchers in local and family history of medical practitioners who died between 1750 and 1850. Deaddocs was originally planned to be one of the research publications of the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine at the University of Oxford. The aim of the Unit's research publications was "to make available in an inexpensive form, bibliographical, documentary and research aids in fields relating to the history of medicine". The resulting index was so large that paper publication became out of the question. Its aim was to provide brief biographical details in a standardized form. There is space for up to seven references which are coded to give some indication of their length and importance. The index is more fully described in the study's documentation. Because there was no compulsory Medical Register before 1858, and until 1845 only an occasional medical directory, the aim was to identify as many medical practitioners, and others in related medical occupations, as possible, using obituaries and posthumous accounts appearing in British medical journals and related sources between 1750 and 1850. The Gentleman's Magazine, rather than any medical journal, turned out to be the major source for the years 1750-1773. W.R. LeFanu's British Periodicals of Medicine 1640-1899 was the main source for the titles of the medical journals. He lists over two hundred medical journals between 1750 and 1850, though not quite all of them could be found, and a small number when found were incomplete. Main Topics: The index is more fully described in the study documentation. It consists of 10,341 numbered entries. Some individuals are cross-referenced - those who worked under two names, and those with the prefix De or Von for example. The individual records give surname and up to four forenames, as well as the title[s] by which the subject was known. The record has space for dates of birth and death, year of death, place of birth, up to five places of residence, place of death, father's name and occupation, subject's profession, army, navy and East India Company service, whether the subject was a woman (there are several nurses and midwives), professional work, cause of death, and degree[s]. Entries in the Dictionary of National Biography, Commissioned Officers in the Medical Service of the British Army 1660-1960, and the Roll of the Indian Medical Service are noted but not copied. There is space for up to seven journal references, coded for their importance. Under the heading "SEE ALSO", "MORE" means that there were more than seven references found, and cross references to other family members are also entered. There are two "NOTES" sections for additional information. The study documentation, as well as describing the database, includes a complete list of the journals searched, and the name of the person searching each journal. The works consulted and the abbreviations used are listed, together with acknowledgements and references. Purposive selection/case studies

This dataset is the result of the health development army team leaders (HDATL) survey that was conducted to gather data at endline as part of the study assessing the impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A&T's focus in this phase of the study in Ethiopia (with program implementation from late 2014 to 2017) is on operationalizing the IYCF component of the Government of Ethiopia’s National Nutrition Plan (NNP) in one region, Amhara. The objectives of the A&T initiative in Amhara are as follows: 1) Sustain high rates of EBF among children 0–5.9 months at over 70 percent in A&T program areas, 2) Increase the proportion of children 6–23.9 months of age who receive a diverse diet (at least four food groups) by 10 percentage points in A&T program area, and 3) Increase the proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23.9 months of age who receive solid, semi-solid, or soft foods at least the minimum number of times per day by 10 percentage points in A&T program areas. A cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline (2015) and endline (2017) were used to assess impact of the A&T social and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions in Amhara region, particularly the community-based interventions (interpersonal communication and social mobilization) and mass media activities. The evaluation includes household and frontline worker (FLW) surveys. Twenty woredas (districts) were purposively selected as potential areas of work by A&T HQ and Save the Children, and the select woredas were randomly assigned as 10 intervention (or A&T-intensive, A&T-I) and 10 comparison (or A&T-Non intensive, A&T-NI) woredas. The endline survey applied 5 questionnaires that aimed to capture elements along the program impact pathways: (1) household questionnaire and anthropometric measurements of children and mothers, (2) community questionnaire, (3) frontline worker questionnaire: Health extension worker (HEW), (4) Frontline worker questionnaire: Health development army team leader (HDATL), and (5) Frontline worker questionnaire: Agriculture development agent (ADA). A household roster was used to gather information on household composition and characteristics of each member (age, gender, and education). The health development army (HDA) volunteers are cadres of women within a community that support and extend the field-related activities of HEWs. HDAs are comprised of up to 30 households (HH) in the same neighborhood that meet in smaller groups of six members, commonly referred to as 1for5 networks. HDA team leaders, which oversee the 30 HHs, are selected by the members. The health development army team leaders (HDATL) questionnaire along with the other two frontline health worker questionnaires (HEW and ADA) was used to interview those working close to or in the community. These questionnaires aimed at assessing four major issues: (1) frequency of interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers and modes of interactions; (2) content of the interactions between FLWs and mothers/caregivers, especially discussions about IYCF messages and the time spent on IYCF-related discussions; (3) IYCF knowledge, workload and training and supervision received by FLWs; and (4) FLWs’ motivation and satisfaction about their jobs.

Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Food Services provides cost efficient and effective food services that support military activities and that meet client expectations of quality, choice, value, nutrition, and service. This dataset is a report that describes the fixed daily cost of meals from basic food cost and labour cost per base location. Fixed daily cost of meals is a cost that remains unchanged despite changes in the volume of the kitchen activity, including the costs of management staff, base support staff and depreciation of capital equipment. They are normally determined locally for each Base on August 1 for each year.