About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the White Earth population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of White Earth across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of White Earth was 93, a 0% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, White Earth population was 93, a decline of 4.12% compared to a population of 97 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of White Earth increased by 28. In this period, the peak population was 99 in the year 2020. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the White Earth is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in White Earth population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for White Earth Population by Year. You can refer the same here

This dataset provides a comprehensive overview of the population statistics for 800 largest cities in the world, detailing the population estimates for the years 2023 and 2024. Additionally, it includes the calculated growth rate for each city over this period. This dataset can be instrumental for urban studies, demographic analysis, and economic research. Columns Description • City: The name of the city. • Country: The country where the city is located. • Population (2024): Estimated population of the city for the year 2024. • Population (2023): Estimated population of the city for the year 2023. • Growth Rate: The rate of population growth from 2023 to 2024. This is calculated as the difference between the 2024 and 2023 populations, divided by the 2023 population.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Non-Hispanic population of White Earth by race. It includes the distribution of the Non-Hispanic population of White Earth across various race categories as identified by the Census Bureau. The dataset can be utilized to understand the Non-Hispanic population distribution of White Earth across relevant racial categories.

Key observations

With a zero Hispanic population, White Earth is 100% Non-Hispanic. Among the Non-Hispanic population, the largest racial group is White alone with a population of 76 (100% of the total Non-Hispanic population).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2018-2022 5-Year Estimates.

Racial categories include:

• White
• Black or African American
• American Indian and Alaska Native
• Asian
• Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
• Some other race
• Two or more races (multiracial)

Variables / Data Columns

• Race: This column displays the racial categories (for Non-Hispanic) for the White Earth
• Population: The population of the racial category (for Non-Hispanic) in the White Earth is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the percentage distribution of each race as a proportion of White Earth total Non-Hispanic population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for White Earth Population by Race & Ethnicity. You can refer the same here

This dataset contains the rankings of the happiest countries in the world for the year 2024, sourced from World Population Review. The rankings are based on various indicators of well-being such as income, social support, life expectancy, freedom to make life choices, generosity, and perceptions of corruption. The data reflects the global rankings of countries by their happiness index in 2024, providing insights into the factors contributing to national well-being. Original Dataset Link: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/happiest-countries-in-the-world

During a 2024 survey, 77 percent of respondents from Nigeria stated that they used social media as a source of news. In comparison, just 23 percent of Japanese respondents said the same. Large portions of social media users around the world admit that they do not trust social platforms either as media sources or as a way to get news, and yet they continue to access such networks on a daily basis.

              Social media: trust and consumption

              Despite the majority of adults surveyed in each country reporting that they used social networks to keep up to date with news and current affairs, a 2018 study showed that social media is the least trusted news source in the world. Less than 35 percent of adults in Europe considered social networks to be trustworthy in this respect, yet more than 50 percent of adults in Portugal, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Croatia said that they got their news on social media.

              What is clear is that we live in an era where social media is such an enormous part of daily life that consumers will still use it in spite of their doubts or reservations. Concerns about fake news and propaganda on social media have not stopped billions of users accessing their favorite networks on a daily basis.
              Most Millennials in the United States use social media for news every day, and younger consumers in European countries are much more likely to use social networks for national political news than their older peers.
              Like it or not, reading news on social is fast becoming the norm for younger generations, and this form of news consumption will likely increase further regardless of whether consumers fully trust their chosen network or not.

Citation metrics are widely used and misused. We have created a publicly available database of top-cited scientists that provides standardized information on citations, h-index, co-authorship adjusted hm-index, citations to papers in different authorship positions and a composite indicator (c-score). Separate data are shown for career-long and, separately, for single recent year impact. Metrics with and without self-citations and ratio of citations to citing papers are given and data on retracted papers (based on Retraction Watch database) as well as citations to/from retracted papers have been added in the most recent iteration. Scientists are classified into 22 scientific fields and 174 sub-fields according to the standard Science-Metrix classification. Field- and subfield-specific percentiles are also provided for all scientists with at least 5 papers. Career-long data are updated to end-of-2023 and single recent year data pertain to citations received during calendar year 2023. The selection is based on the top 100,000 scientists by c-score (with and without self-citations) or a percentile rank of 2% or above in the sub-field. This version (7) is based on the August 1, 2024 snapshot from Scopus, updated to end of citation year 2023. This work uses Scopus data. Calculations were performed using all Scopus author profiles as of August 1, 2024. If an author is not on the list it is simply because the composite indicator value was not high enough to appear on the list. It does not mean that the author does not do good work. PLEASE ALSO NOTE THAT THE DATABASE HAS BEEN PUBLISHED IN AN ARCHIVAL FORM AND WILL NOT BE CHANGED. The published version reflects Scopus author profiles at the time of calculation. We thus advise authors to ensure that their Scopus profiles are accurate. REQUESTS FOR CORRECIONS OF THE SCOPUS DATA (INCLUDING CORRECTIONS IN AFFILIATIONS) SHOULD NOT BE SENT TO US. They should be sent directly to Scopus, preferably by use of the Scopus to ORCID feedback wizard (https://orcid.scopusfeedback.com/) so that the correct data can be used in any future annual updates of the citation indicator databases. The c-score focuses on impact (citations) rather than productivity (number of publications) and it also incorporates information on co-authorship and author positions (single, first, last author). If you have additional questions, see attached file on FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS. Finally, we alert users that all citation metrics have limitations and their use should be tempered and judicious. For more reading, we refer to the Leiden manifesto: https://www.nature.com/articles/520429a

This dataset focuses on chamber-based methane (CH4) flux measurements in tidal wetlands across the Contiguous United States (CONUS)and is intended to serve as a community resource for Earth and environmental science research, climate change synthesis studies, and model evaluation. The database contains 35 contributed datasets with a total of 10,445 chamber-based CH4 flux observations across 41 years and 120 sites distributed across CONUS Atlantic and Pacific coasts and the Gulf of Mexico. Contributed datasets are converted to a standard format and units and organized hierarchically (site, chamber, chamber time series, porewater chemistry, and plant species) with metadata on contributors, geographic location, measurement conditions, and ancillary environmental variables. While focused on CH4 flux measurements, the database accommodates other greenhouse gas flux data (CO2 and N2O) as well as porewater profiles of various analytes, experimental treatments (e.g., fertilization, elevated CO2), and ecosystem disturbance classes (e.g., salinization, tidal restrictions, restoration). This database results from the Coastal Carbon Network’s (CCN) tidal wetland CH4 flux data synthesis. A description and analysis of the dataset are available in Arias-Ortiz et al. 2024, co-authored by members of the CCN Data Methane Working Group and data contributors.

This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems.

These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty.

Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis.

Hazards:

• coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)
• extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)
• tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)

Exposure:

• population (Schiavina et al, 2023)
• built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)
• roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)
• railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)
• power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)
• power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)

Contextual information:

• elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)
• land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)
• administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)

The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people.

To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on Infrastructure and Climate Resilience. This overview of the course has more details.

These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow:

• snkit helps clean network data
• nismod-snail is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations

The open-gira repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis.

For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/ and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023).

References

• Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3628142
• Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/12705164.v3
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/14510817.v3
• Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.006f2c9a (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024)
• Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: 10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65 (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved)
• Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; resourcewatch.org/
• Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries
• Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: 10.1029/2020EF001616
• Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details
• OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at global.infrastructureresilience.org
• Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA
• Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231866.
• Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8147088
• Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE
• Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology.

This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems.

These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty.

Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis.

Hazards:

• coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)
• extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)
• tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)

Exposure:

• population (Schiavina et al, 2023)
• built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)
• roads (OpenStreetMap, 2023)
• railways (OpenStreetMap, 2023)
• power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)
• power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)

Contextual information:

• elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)
• land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)
• administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)

The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people.

To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on Infrastructure and Climate Resilience. This overview of the course has more details.

These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow:

• snkit helps clean network data
• nismod-snail is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations

The open-gira repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis.

For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/ and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023).

References

• Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3628142
• Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/12705164.v3
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/14510817.v3
• Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.006f2c9a (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024)
• Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: 10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65 (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved)
• Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; resourcewatch.org/
• Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries
• Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: 10.1029/2020EF001616
• Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details
• OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2023) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at global.infrastructureresilience.org
• Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA
• Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231866.
• Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8147088
• Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE
• Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology.

This dataset "Global hotspots of climate related disasters" shows the number of people impacted by climate-related disasters recorded in the EM-DAT database between 2000 and 2020. This dataset was used to prepare the maps and the analysis of the paper Donatti C.I., Nicholas K., Fedele G., Delforge D., Speybroeck N., Moraga P., Blatter J., Below R., Zvoleff A. 2024. Global hotspots of climate-related disasters. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104488. This dataset includes information on people impacted by Drought, tropical cyclones, flash flood, riverine flood, forest fire, land fire, heat wave, landslide and mudslide. Data on coastal flood was not included because the database only had recordings until 2013. Data on disaster sub-types “landslides” and “mudslides” as presented in the EM-DAT were further combined as one single climate-related disaster (“land and mudslides”) for the analyses. Likewise, data on disaster sub-types “forest fire” and “land fire” were further combined as one climate-related disaster (“wildfire”). The data was accessed directly from the EM-DAT database and then summarized as show in the dataset. We used this database, downloaded on June 2nd 2021, to access data on “total affected” people and the “total deaths” per disaster event impacting a country (i.e., an entry in the EM-DAT), which were combined in this study to create the variable “total people impacted”. In the EM-DAT database, “total affected” represents the sum of people “injured,” “affected,” and “homeless” resulting from a particular event. “Injured” were considered those that have suffered from physical injuries, trauma, or an illness requiring immediate medical assistance, including people hospitalized, as a direct result of a disaster, “affected” were considered people requiring immediate assistance during an emergency and “homeless” were considered those whose homes were destroyed or heavily damaged and therefore needed shelter after an event. “Total deaths” include people that have died or were considered missing, those whose whereabouts since the disaster were unknown and presumed dead based on official figures. More details can be found under “documentation, data structure and content description” at emdat.be. In the dataset, "ADM-CODE" refers to the code used to identify each administrative area, which refers to the code of FAO's Global Administrative Unit Layer, GAUL.

Context The World Happiness Report is a landmark survey of the state of global happiness . The report continues to gain global recognition as governments, organizations and civil society increasingly use happiness indicators to inform their policy-making decisions. Leading experts across fields – economics, psychology, survey analysis, national statistics, health, public policy and more – describe how measurements of well-being can be used effectively to assess the progress of nations. The reports review the state of happiness in the world today and show how the new science of happiness explains personal and national variations in happiness.

Content The happiness scores and rankings use data from the Gallup World Poll . The columns following the happiness score estimate the extent to which each of six factors – economic production, social support, life expectancy, freedom, absence of corruption, and generosity – contribute to making life evaluations higher in each country than they are in Dystopia, a hypothetical country that has values equal to the world’s lowest national averages for each of the six factors. They have no impact on the total score reported for each country, but they do explain why some countries rank higher than others.

This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems.

These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty.

Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis.

Hazards:

• coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)
• extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)
• tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)

Exposure:

• population (Schiavina et al, 2023)
• built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)
• roads (OpenStreetMap, 2023)
• railways (OpenStreetMap, 2023)
• power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)
• power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)

Contextual information:

• elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)
• land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)
• administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)

The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people.

To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on Infrastructure and Climate Resilience. This overview of the course has more details.

These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow:

• snkit helps clean network data
• nismod-snail is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations

The open-gira repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis.

For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/ and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023).

References

• Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3628142
• Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/12705164.v3
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/14510817.v3
• Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.006f2c9a (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024)
• Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: 10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65 (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved)
• Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; resourcewatch.org/
• Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries
• Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: 10.1029/2020EF001616
• Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details
• OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2023) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at global.infrastructureresilience.org
• Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA
• Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231866.
• Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8147088
• Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE
• Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology.

This graph was retired this internet :

The "Richest People in the World - 2024" dataset provides a detailed overview of the wealthiest individuals globally for the year 2024. This dataset includes crucial information about the top executives, their net worth, and the countries they are based in, offering valuable insights for economic analysis, market research, and financial studies.

This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems.

These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty.

Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis.

Hazards:

coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)

extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)

tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)

Exposure:

population (Schiavina et al, 2023)

built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)

roads (OpenStreetMap, 2023)

railways (OpenStreetMap, 2023)

power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)

power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)

Contextual information:

elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)

land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)

administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)

The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people.

To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on Infrastructure and Climate Resilience. This overview of the course has more details.

These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow:

snkit helps clean network data



nismod-snail is designed to help implement infrastructure
exposure, damage and risk calculations

The open-gira repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis.

For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/ and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023).

References

Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the
global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3628142



Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon,
Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID:
data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif



Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical
cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI:
10.4121/12705164.v3



Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.;
et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI:
10.4121/14510817.v3



Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to
present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI:
10.24381/cds.006f2c9a (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024)



Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI:
10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65 (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR
e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and
ESA; all rights reserved)



Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources
Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine;
resourcewatch.org/



Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries
– Final Report. Available online:
https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries



Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme
climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI:
10.1029/2020EF001616



Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online:
www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details



OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2023) Road and Rail networks derived
from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at
global.infrastructureresilience.org



Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and
Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID:
data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA



Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of
political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0231866.



Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived
from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI:
10.5281/zenodo.8147088



Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal
(1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID:
data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE



Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020)
Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at:
www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology.

The GEOEYE-70 dataset is a meticulously curated collection of Earth observation data acquired from various satellites. It offers high-resolution imagery, ideal for capturing detailed features of Earth's surface, including diverse landscapes and cityscapes. Notably, this dataset was established in April 2024 as the foundation for testing pre-trained models in Vision Transformer technology.

• The GEOEYE-70 is a carefully curated collection of Earth observation data from various satellites.
• It offers high-resolution imagery, ideal for capturing detailed features of Earth's surface, including diverse landscapes and cityscapes.
• This dataset was established in April 2024 as the foundation for testing pre-trained models in Vision Transformer technology.

Overview The GEO dataset is a collection of high-resolution satellite and aerial imagery specifically designed for training and evaluating machine learning models for land use and land cover classification. It encompasses a diverse range of land cover types, including natural landscapes, man-made structures, and agricultural fields.

Data Composition The GEO dataset consists of 69 classes, each containing 500 images sized (256 x 256 x 3) pixels (height, width, channels). This translates to a total of 34,500 images.

GEOEYE-70 Dataset Understanding: - You can view the data details, publisher details, sources, and classes through the following GitHub repo: https://github.com/Ziad-o-Yusef/GEOEYE-70-Dataset - To enjoy viewing parts of this data without having to download it, you can follow this notebook:

Or on Google Colab to show the complete data: https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1iXmoPcRdaULZa4dfGnwAgbtR6Wxd8hNu?usp=sharing

As of April 2024, it was found that men between the ages of 25 and 34 years made up Facebook largest audience, accounting for 18.4 percent of global users. Additionally, Facebook's second largest audience base could be found with men aged 18 to 24 years.

              Facebook connects the world

              Founded in 2004 and going public in 2012, Facebook is one of the biggest internet companies in the world with influence that goes beyond social media. It is widely considered as one of the Big Four tech companies, along with Google, Apple, and Amazon (all together known under the acronym GAFA). Facebook is the most popular social network worldwide and the company also owns three other billion-user properties: mobile messaging apps WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger,
              as well as photo-sharing app Instagram. Facebook usersThe vast majority of Facebook users connect to the social network via mobile devices. This is unsurprising, as Facebook has many users in mobile-first online markets. Currently, India ranks first in terms of Facebook audience size with 378 million users. The United States, Brazil, and Indonesia also all have more than 100 million Facebook users each.

This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems.

These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty.

Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis.

Hazards:

• coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)
• extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)
• tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)

Exposure:

• population (Schiavina et al, 2023)
• built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)
• roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)
• railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)
• power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)
• power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)

Contextual information:

• elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)
• land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)
• administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)

The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people.

To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on Infrastructure and Climate Resilience. This overview of the course has more details.

These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow:

• snkit helps clean network data
• nismod-snail is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations

The open-gira repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis.

For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/ and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023).

References

• Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3628142
• Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/12705164.v3
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/14510817.v3
• Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.006f2c9a (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024)
• Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: 10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65 (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved)
• Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; resourcewatch.org/
• Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries
• Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: 10.1029/2020EF001616
• Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details
• OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at global.infrastructureresilience.org
• Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA
• Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231866.
• Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8147088
• Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE
• Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology.

This publication is the metadata only. Please find the dataset described below at: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.q2bvq83v4 Lianas are a common and diverse plant growth form in tropical forests, where they add considerably to the vascular plant diversity. Lianas contribute approximately 25% of the woody vascular plant species diversity in tropical forests (Gentry 1991, Schnitzer & Bongers 2002), with liana diversity varying systematically with forest mean annual rainfall and rainfall seasonality (Schnitzer 2005, 2018, Swaine & Grace 2007, DeWalt et al. 2010, 2015, Parolari et al. 2020). However, liana taxonomy and diversity have been described for relatively few tropical forest communities, thus the proportion of diversity that lianas contribute and how this diversity varies among forests is poorly understood. Here we describe and release the species present in the 2007 and 2017 liana censuses of the Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI) 50-ha plot. Our liana species dataset includes the current and former family, genus, species, and authority for all liana stems 1 cm diameter or larger that were rooted within the BCI 50-ha plot in either of the 2007 or 2017 censuses. Lianas were identified in the forest during the 2007 and 2017 censuses (Schnitzer et al. 2012, 2015, 2021, Schnitzer & DeFilippis 2024). In 2023, we compared our species list to the Plants of the World Online, a global list compiled by Kew Gardens to ensure that our nomenclature was consistent with the most recent taxonomic changes (see Schnitzer et al. 2024). Methods used for the liana census study were published in Gerwing et al. 2006 and Schnitzer et al. 2008; see also Parren et al. 2005, Schnitzer et al. 2006). We found a total of 178 species distributed among 117,100 rooted individuals (1 cm diameter or larger, excluding clonal stems) that were present in either the 2007 or 2017 liana censuses of the BCI 50-ha plot. We were able to positively identify > 98% of these stems to species (Schnitzer et al. 2012, 2021). Liana species contributed 35% of the woody species (lianas, trees, and shrubs 1 cm diameter or larger) using the tree and shrub data from the 2015 tree census (Condit et al. 2019). This liana species list, in combination with the spatially explicit liana and tree stem datasets (Condit et al. 2019, 2020, Schnitzer & DeFilippis 2024) provides a unique opportunity to test conceptual questions on how lianas and trees coexist in tropical forests (e.g., Schnitzer 2018, DeFilippis et al. in review, Medina-Vega et al. in review, Mello et al. in review). We welcome opportunities to collaborate with research groups interested in using this dataset; however, the data are free to be used with no restrictions other than citing this data paper and acknowledging NSF grants DEB-0613666 and IOS 15-58093, which funded the 2007 and 2017 liana censuses.

This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems.

These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty.

Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis.

Hazards:

• coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)
• extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)
• tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)

Exposure:

• population (Schiavina et al, 2023)
• built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)
• roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)
• railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)
• power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)
• power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)

Contextual information:

• elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)
• land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)
• administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)

The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people.

To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on Infrastructure and Climate Resilience. This overview of the course has more details.

These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow:

• snkit helps clean network data
• nismod-snail is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations

The open-gira repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis.

For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/ and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023).

References

• Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3628142
• Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/12705164.v3
• Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: 10.4121/14510817.v3
• Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.006f2c9a (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024)
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Context

QS Rankings is the world's most reputed university rankings portfolio. QS ranking publishes QS world university rankings each year and this dataset contains top 100 universities in the world, 2024 according to QS Rankings 2024 edition.

Content

This dataset contains 105 rows and 12 features including,

Inspiration

I was researching universities and found QS ranking report with many useful indicators. I thought data scientists could use this data to find useful insights about various world universities in the world.

Source

I scraped QS Ranking report 2024 for this data.

To know more about the indicators, refer to QS Rankings support.